THE BLUE PLANET by

Trash disposal

reyst_game — 2020-05-13 20:24:12 UTC

There are a lot of different kinds of objects that are very dangerous for the environment if they are not disposed of correctly such as plastic bags, cell phones used battery and far more. Waste disposal is therefore a systematic action for managing waste from its origin to its final disposal. The more common ways of dealing with trash are incinerators, burring in landfills, discharge at sea, lakes and rivers, and recycling.

Not every way of dealing with trash is good for the environment, for example by incinerating rubbish the level of carbon dioxide and fine powders in the air raises, accentuating the greenhouse effect and hurting peoples’ health, damaging their respiratory system. Furthermore, burring garbage, such as batteries, in landfills damages the aquifers near the site. But why people keep using these systems to dispose of trash even if they are very dangerous for the environment? The answer resides in the laziness of the people and, as always, in money. On the small-scale people refuse to recycle, which is the only unharmful way for the environment to dispose of people’s rubbish, because it requires them to move away from their comfort-zone to reach the correct bins. This is especially true for special kinds of rubbish such as batteries and medicine. In fact, to dispose correctly of these objects people need to go to very peculiar bins that are often placed near the stores that sells them. Bigger kinds of objects, like domestic appliances and car batteries, require more specialized way to recycle them, because of this they are disposed in the ecological islands. Because of this kind of procedures, people tend to dispose of their wastes in incorrect ways because it is easier and less time consuming, ignoring the harm that they are doing to the environment. On the big scale, big and small industries refuse to dispose correctly of their wastes, even if they are toxic and extremely dangerous, because it costs a lot of money. Furthermore, new criminal organizations were born to help companies dispose of their wastes in illegal ways at a cheaper cost than the legal ones. Nowadays this procedure is extremely common, and it Is one of the main causes of harm to the environment.

Guardasole Antonio

Agenda 2030

gigaluca — 2020-05-13 20:29:21 UTC

The Agenda 2030 is a declaration of seventeen sustainable development goals and wide range of targets to be achieved by 2030. It was signed up by more than 150 world leaders gathered at the UN head quarters in New York. Over the next few years, all countries, poor, rich and middle-income, will mobilize efforts to end all forms of poverty, fight inequality and tackle climate change. The Agenda goes beyond rhetoric and lays down a concrete call to action for people, planet, and prosperity. It encourages us to take bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and

resilient path. At the heart of the 2030 Agenda there are five critical dimensions: people, prosperity, planet, partnership and peace, also known as the 5P’s. Traditionally viewed through the lens of three core elements— social inclusion, economic growth, and environmental protection—the concept of sustainable development has taken on a richer meaning with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, which builds upon this traditional approach by adding two critical components: partnership and peace. Genuine sustainability sits at the core of these five dimensions. The main goals related to climate change are goals number 6,7,13 and 15.

NOVIELLO, BARKER, DI COSMO, SARNELLI, BAVA

Goal n. 6

gigaluca — 2020-05-13 20:31:18 UTC

Access to drinking water and basic sanitation is a human right and, together with water as a resource, is a determining factor for all aspects of social, economic and environmental development. Objective 6 therefore includes, in addition to access to drinking water and sanitation, additional sub-objectives, for example for the protection and rehabilitation of water-related ecosystems (including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers and lakes). Water quality should be improved and water pollution reduced, especially from hazardous chemicals.

NOVIELLO

Goal n. 7

gigaluca — 2020-05-13 20:32:38 UTC

As time passes, the number of people with access to electricity has continued to increase between 1990 and 2010 along with the global demand of cheap energy. Being part of a global economy reliant on fossil fuels means creating a drastic change to our climate system. In this regard, different countries have new drive to promote the use of new renewable and sustainable sources of energy. In 2011, this alternative energy accounted for more than 20 percent of global power generated. But still one person in five lacks access to electricity, so as the request continues to rise there needs to be a considerable increase in the production of renewable energy all over the world. Guaranteeing universal access to convenient electricity by 2030 means that countries have to invest in clean energy sources as solar, wind and thermal. Investing in a wider range of technologies can also reduce the electricity consumption of buildings and industry by as much as 14 percent. Lastly, upgrading technologies to provide clean energy sources in all developing countries is a significant goal, because it can encourage the growth of the country and can help the environment. An example could be Bolivia, where a food security and nutrition program is promoting the use of solar energy to help food production. This method gives 2 advantages: a lower cost of production and the reduction of CO2 emissions.

BARKER

Air pollution

2020-05-13 20:34:11 UTC

Atmospheric pollution means the presence of chemical and gaseous substances that modify the natural structure of the earth's atmosphere. These substances are defined as pollutants, and can have natural origin, or as most human cases
Some air pollution comes from natural sources like volcanic eruptions wild fires or allergens but this is the minimal part because most of air pollution results from human activities.
The main human activities that pollute the atmosphere are given by the production of gas. Examples are: cars, heating systems for homes, air and naval traffic; but the most polluting are certainly large industries, such as intensive farms or refineries
What does it all mean?
The damage reflects both on nature and on man. The main damage to the environment, as well as the most dangerous are:
The ozone hole, the substance of which allows man to protect himself from UV rays.
The greenhouse effect, the main cause of rising temperatures, which has brought with its numerous problems, including rising sea levels.
The acid rain, through which toxic elements in the atmosphere precipitate on the soil in the form of rain or snow and attack the fertility of the territory.
All these phenomena automatically damage the environment, creating problems for humans but also for flora and fauna.
Although it is invisible to the human eye, atmospheric pollution is the cause of thousands of deaths a year, and everyone in our small way should take action to limit this problem

Di Petrillo Vittorio

Goal n. 13

gigaluca — 2020-05-13 20:35:04 UTC

The Goal number 13 of the Agenda 2030 is to promote actions, at all levels, to fight against climate change, which nowadays, is a global issue that involves every country. In fact there is no country that is not experiencing the drastic effects of climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. Global warming is causing long-lasting changes to our climate system, which threatens irreversible consequences if we do not act. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods and tropical cyclones, aggravating water management problems, reducing agricultural production and food security, increasing health risks, damaging critical infrastructure and interrupting the provision of basic services such water and sanitation, education, energy and transport. The poorest and most vulnerable people are being affected the most. The pace of change is quickening as more people are turning to renewable energy and a range of other measures that will reduce emissions and increase adaptation efforts. Climate change, however, is a global challenge that does not respect national borders. It is an issue that requires solutions that need to be coordinated at the international level to help developing countries move toward a low-carbon economy. So the main targets for the climate change can be summarized in 3 points:

1) To brace resilience and adaptability to the risks related to climate and natural disasters in all countries

2) To integrate measures to combat climate change into politics, strategies and national plans

3) To improve education, awareness and human and institutional capacity with regard to climate change in terms of adaptation, reduction of impact and early warning.

SARNELLI

Goal n. 15

gigaluca — 2020-05-13 20:36:23 UTC

To fight climate change is very important to protect forests ,that cover 30.7 % of Earth’s surface, by protecting these , we will also be able to reinforce natural resources management and increase land productivity.

In this historical period, thirteen million hectares of forests are being lost every year while the persistent degradation of drylands has led to the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares. Even if actually 15% of land is under protection, biodiversity is still at risk. Deforestation and desertification ,caused by human activities and climate change , pose major challenges to sustainable development and have affected the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in the fight against poverty.

Some big efforts were made to manage forests and combat desertification. There are two international agreements being implemented currently that promote the use of resources in an equitable way. Financial investments in support of biodiversity are also being provided.

DI COSMO

Sustainability

gigaluca — 2020-05-13 20:38:48 UTC

The Agenda 2030 shows the topic of sustainability and sustainable development.

Sustainability, on the environmental side, means the ability to conserve in the future the same ecological processes in a specific ecosystem and so its stability.

Sustainable development consists in an economic and social development that respects environment and natural resources. In this way not only the current generations can stay good in the world but also the future ones.

There is an important difference between rich countries and poor countries: a person who lives in a rich country uses as much energy as 80 people in a very poor one.

We have to conserve more and waste less. If we overconsume natural resources like water, which is our most precious, we will use up them and put in danger our life in the world.

We have to change our way of managing the production and the disposal of what we consume and we should use renewable energies and recycle our trash.

New technologies can help us to improve our conditions preserving the planet.

In conclusion sustainable development is the only possibility we have to stay on the Earth.

BAVA

2020-05-13 20:47:45 UTC

In a matter of months, the world has been transformed and it has been brought down by a terrible virus, COVID-19, discovered in the city of Wuhan in December 2019. Thousands of people are already dying for a coronavirus. The others who have not caught the disease had their life style completely changed. All these changes have also led to some unexpected consequences. Streets are empty, cities are silent, factories are closed and skies are quiet. Is this good for the environment? As industries, transport networks and businesses have closed, more and more of us are working from home, cutting traffic, dropping carbon emissions. For example, if we compared this situation with last year’s one, levels of pollution in New York have reduced by nearly 50% because of measures use to contain the virus. Short-term air pollution, which lasts for a few hours or a few days in the atmosphere, has decreased, and that is considered positive news. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted energy use worldwide, which could cut carbon emissions by an estimated 5% of 2019’s global total. That means the coronavirus crisis is so far triggering the largest ever annual fall in CO2 emissions in 2020, more than during any previous economic crisis or period of war. While this is an encouraging new, experts say it still may not be adequate for meeting Paris Agreement goals to keep global warming from rising above 1.5 degrees Celsius. An example of this changing has been viewed by even the citizens of Naples. For example, in this period the pollution caused by ships was reduced and so the sea has become cleaner and cleaner, the dolphins came back to the coast and the leakage of substances has been removed.

The hope is that even if part of the population continues this energy-friendly quarantine lifestyle once everything reverts back to normal that we will have the same awareness and we will continue to respect the environment.
Esposito Celestino

Waste disposal

federicacanale — 2020-05-13 21:10:49 UTC

The uncontrolled disposal of waste on the soil determines a series of negative impacts on environmental components and public health. Waste and its management involve all natural elements: earth, air, water and fire as waste can be harmful, seriously harmful. We also take fire in consideration because it is very often, it is a legal and / or illegal means of disposing of the waste itself. The contaminants contained in the waste can infiltrate the subsoil (in the case of concentrated liquid waste spilled onto the ground).

The pollution of the aquifers is a typical phenomenon. It is caused by uncontrolled landfills of solid waste and by illegal spills on the ground of industrial solvents that are not easily absorbed by the geological formations of the subsoil are typical. The danger of these environmental abuses is connected to the high concentration of polluting compounds, even highly toxic ones, so as to be able to contaminate vast extensions making the water non-potable. This is caused by the bad management of solid waste of human origin, starting from those who collect it up to the companies that manage its disposal. The effects of this type of pollution are the spread of harmful bacteria, as well as unpleasant odors that increase atmospheric pollution.

In particular, water and soil pollution is also caused by a large presence of hard or soft non-biodegradable plastic that remains on the ground or in the sea for thousands of years or forever, damaging the health and composition of the soil and ecosystem marine. The sea with countless living beings is the largest life reserve on the planet, but also threatened by pollution caused by waste. In fact, a large quantity of harmful substances such as oil, chemical solvents, heavy metals, detergents, radioactive waste, etc. continue to be discharged into rivers and therefore into the seas, and this hinders the normal development of life.
The substances that continue to be discharged into the waters cause the death of fish and the destruction of plankton. These wastes also have an industrial origin and are due to the discharges of the thermoelectric and thermonuclear plants and the oil tankers which discharge the washing water from the tanks into the sea. Furthermore, this water pollution is responsible for the birth of many diseases such as viral hepatitis, acute gastroenteritis etc.

Federica Canale

Plastic islands

federicacanale — 2020-05-13 21:15:44 UTC

The tons of marine litter, in particular, with the force of the currents, accumulate in specific areas: the plastic islands. These are not new emerged lands but concentrations of waste and debris that remain trapped in aquatic vortices. These islands are made up of waste of various sizes, especially billions of microscopic plastic fragments that disperse from the surface to the bottom of the oceans. These tiny fragments are confused with plankton, the basis of the whole food chain in marine ecosystems.

Thousands of animals are killed by plastic objects that they feed on or become trapped in. Furthermore, the waste is not limited to the surface but extends to depths where their deterioration is even more difficult. In the world, the plastic islands have reached alarming large dimensions and there are six of them. The best known for its size is the plastic island in the Pacific ocean. The other smaller islands in size but not in density of waste are found in the Sargasso Sea, in the Arctic circle, in the Indian Ocean, in the southern and northern Atlantic Ocean.

Federica Canale

Melting of glaciers

giuliettalastreghetta — 2020-05-13 21:19:06 UTC

Scientists who monitor the planet's health see indisputable evidence that Earth is getting more and more warm, in some cases very rapidly. This process is mainly generated by man and the toxic substances that he produces himself. In particular, the burning of fossil fuels and the resulting build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, have influenced this warming increase. The huge amount of emissions of CO2 otherwise none as Carbon Dioxide, produced by factories or by vehicles, causes the overheat and the global warming that consequently lead to the changing of natural habitats. In the past decade scientists have documented record-high average annual surface temperatures and have been observing other signs of change all over the planet: in the distribution of ice, and in the salinity levels, and temperatures of the oceans.
This process is manifesting everywhere on Earth. The famous snows of Kilimanjaro have melted more than 80 % since 1912. Glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya in India are retreating so fast that researchers believe that most central and eastern Himalayan glaciers could practically disappear by 2035. NASA's repeated laser altimeter readings show the edges of Greenland's ice sheet shrinking. Thawing permafrost has caused the ground to subside more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) in parts of Alaska. From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial glaciers of Man Jaya in Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are disappearing, fast. This phenomenon (considered on its own) can’t be defined anomalous since icebergs melt naturally and during Winter they replace the previously-melted stratum, creating a fragile balance which leads the situation to a normal condition. On the other hand, this natural process may be considered anomalous whether the previously-melted stratum does not reform after a long time.
When temperatures rise and ice melts, more water flows to the seas from glaciers and ice caps, and ocean water warms and expands in volume. This combination of effects has played the major role in raising average global sea level between 10 and 20 centimetres in the past hundred years, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Scientists highlight that sea levels have risen and fallen substantially over Earth's 4.6-billion-year history. But the recent rate of global sea level rise has departed from the average rate of the past two to three thousand years and is rising more r_apidly. A continuation or acceleration of that trend has the potential to cause striking changes in the world's coastlines.
Rising sea level produces a cascade of effects. Bruce Douglas, a coastal researcher at Florida International University, calculates that every inch (2.5 centimeters) of sea-level rise could result in eight feet (2.4 meters) of horizontal retreat of sandy beach shorelines due to erosion. Furthermore, when salt water intrudes into freshwater aquifers, it threatens sources of drinking water and makes raising crops problematic.
What’s more, in case the sea level rises excessively, the salinity will progressively decrease, causing the death of many animal and vegetal species and a possible consequent change of the food chain. Obviously, this will destroy the fragile balance of the planet, creating severe damage to the ecosystems and the living creatures living in them.

Dario Murolo e Giulia Narducci

Plastic island in the Pacific Ocean seen from the satellite

federicacanale — 2020-05-13 21:23:41 UTC

Desertification and loss of fertility

federicacanale — 2020-05-13 21:31:51 UTC

In 1994, the UN established the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as the “sole legally international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management”. The Convention itself was a response to a callof the 1992 to solve the problem of desertification.

The UNCCD set out a definition of desertification in the 1994. Desertification means “land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities”.

So this degradation includes the temporary or permanent decline in quality of soil, vegetation, water resources or wildlife, for example. It also includes the deterioration of the economic productivity of the land – such as the ability to farm the land for commercial or subsistence purposes.

Sarah Melluso

Desertification

federicacanale — 2020-05-13 21:42:01 UTC

There are numerous ways in which the land can degrade. One of the main processes is erosion – the gradual breaking down and removal of rock and soil. This is typically through some force of nature – such as wind, rain and/or waves – but can be exacerbated (degrade) by activities including ploughing, grazing or deforestation.

A loss of soil fertility is another form of degradation which is one of the most important problems the World is suffering. On farmed land, this inevitably needs to be replaced through fertilisers at significant cost.

So as global temperatures rise and the human population expands, more of the planet is vulnerable to desertification, the permanent degradation of land that was once arable.

Although this degradation tends to be driven by a number of factors, including urbanization, mining, farming, and ranching, like we said the most important factor is the rise of the temperatures (main cause of drought) . Regarding to the human activities in the course of these , trees and other vegetation are cleared away, destroying habitat. increasing the risk of drought.

Sarah Melluso

The problem of pollution in our daily lives

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:46:35 UTC

Preventing pollution is important for the survival of our planet, and even more importantly, the health and well-being of the people who depend on it. The air we breathe is laden with hazardous contaminants, and our oceans and waterways have been poisoned with chemicals. Left unabated, pollution could leave us with a planet earth sapped of its beauty, vitality, and diversity. For this reason there are various ways in which in our small way we can help prevent the development of pollution. Starting from everyday life, the city life that involves all of us.
Di Lauro

Making Sustainable Transportation Choices :

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:47:57 UTC

To reduce emissions governments are improving electric bus and other form of transport. For example in many European cities people can use public bikes and electric bikes with a card. In these cities there are place like bus stop where you can take ore leave the bike so the company know that you haven't stolen it. Governaments should improve transports to encourage to use them, in this way people will use less their own cars and pollution will decrease.
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Walk or ride your bike whenever possible

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:48:28 UTC

One of the best things you can do to help stop pollution is to stop using your car for short trips. If the weather is nice and you don’t have too far to go, consider walking or riding your bike. You will help reduce air pollution and you will get some exercise and fresh air in the process
Di Lauro

Use public transportation

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:53:43 UTC

Riding the bus, train, or subway is another great way to avoid using your personal vehicle and reduce carbon emissions. If you have access to good public transportation where you live, take advantage of it. Since you won’t have to worry about keeping your eyes on the road, you can take advantage of the time to read, catch up on news, or just relax.
Di Lauro

Consolidate your trips

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:55:27 UTC

Making lots of little trips over the course of a few days contributes more pollution to the environment every time you hop in your car. Instead of running your errands over the course of a few days, try to consolidate them into one round trip. Consolidating your trips into one long trip will also save you money since starting your car when the engine is cold consumes 20% more fuel than driving your car.
Di Lauro

The use of electric cars (Mirko La Ferola):

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:56:44 UTC

What is an electric car?

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:57:21 UTC

An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engines, electric starters in particular, and mass production of cheaper petrol (gasoline) and diesel vehicles led to a decline in the use of electric drive vehicles.

Benefits of electric vehicles :

There are a number of great benefits to electric vehicles (EVs) over conventional petrol/diesel cars:

1) Cheaper to run :

Owners of an EV have the advantage of much lower running costs. The electricity to charge an EV works out around a third as much per kilometre as buying petrol for the same vehicle.

There are a number of handy calculators you can use to see the savings. Check out the Fuel Cost Savings Calculator on the My Electric Car website.

2) Cheaper to maintain :

A battery electric vehicle (BEV) has a lot less moving parts than a conventional petrol/diesel car. There is relatively little servicing and no expensive exhaust systems, starter motors, fuel injection systems, radiators and many other parts that aren’t needed in an EV.

With just one moving part – the rotor – BEVs are particularly simple and very strong. Just maintain the brakes, tyres and suspension and that’s about it.

Batteries do wear out so replacement batteries will eventually be needed. Most car manufacturers warrant EV batteries for around 8 years.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have a petrol engine that needs regular servicing so cost more to maintain. However, because the electrical motor requires little maintenance due to far fewer moving parts, this leads to less wear and tear of the petrol engine components .

3) Other savings :

Some Australian states offer other savings for EV owners. EVs registered in the ACT are exempt from stamp-duty. EVs registered in Victoria receive a $100 reduction in registration fees each year.

4)Better for the environment :

Less pollution: By choosing to drive an EV you are helping to reduce harmful air pollution from exhaust emissions. An EV has zero exhaust emissions.

Renewable energy: If you use renewable energy to recharge your EV, you can reduce your greenhouse gas emissions even further. You could recharge your EV from your solar PV system during the day instead of from the grid. Another idea is to purchase GreenPower from your electricity retailer. Then, even if you recharge your EV from the grid, your greenhouse gas emissions are reduced.

Eco-friendly materials: There is also a trend towards more eco-friendly production and materials for EVs. The Ford Focus Electric is made up of recycled materials and the padding is made out of bio based materials. The Nissan Leaf’s interior and bodywork are partly made out of green materials such as recycled water bottles, plastic bags, old car parts and even second hand home appliances.

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:57:34 UTC

5) Health benefits :

Reduced harmful exhaust emissions is good news for our health. Better air quality will lead to less health problems and costs caused by air pollution. EVs are also quieter than petrol/diesel vehicles, which means less noise pollution.

6) Safety improvements :

Recent findings have shown that several EV features can improve safety. EVs tend to have a lower centre of gravity that makes them less likely to roll over. They can also have a lower risk for major fires or explosions and the body construction and durability of EVs may make them safer in a collision.

7) Our energy security :

On a national level, EVs can help with Australia’s energy security. At present, Australia is highly dependent on other countries for petroleum imports. EVs are easy to power from local and renewable energy sources, reducing our dependence on foreign oil. There are also better employment benefits for Australians through the use of locally produced electricity.

Sustainable and renewable energy

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:58:16 UTC

What is renewable energy

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:58:53 UTC

Renewable energy is energy produced from sources that do not deplete or can be replenished within a human’s life time. The most common examples include wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower. This is in contrast to non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. Renewable power is booming, as innovation brings down costs and starts to deliver on the promise of a clean energy future.
Angelo Viscovo

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:59:36 UTC

Renewable energy accounts for 13.5% of the world’s total energy supply, and 22% of the world's electricity. We are starting to run out of these fossil fuels and their processing methods contribute to the increase of the greenhouse effect. As a result, a series of alternative renewable energy sources have been identified that can be used without having to worry about them running out one day. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond. Some places and at least two countries, Iceland and Norway, generate all their electricity using renewable energy already, and many other countries have the set a goal to hopefully reach 100% renewable energy in the future.
Angelo Viscovo

Wind energy

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:59:45 UTC

A wind turbine, or alternatively referred to as a wind energy converter, is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic warning signs. Larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an increasingly important source of intermittent renewable energy and are used by many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. One assessment claimed that, as of 2009, wind had the "lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions, the least water consumption demands and... the most favourable social impacts" compared to photovoltaic, hydro, geothermal, coal and gas.
Mirko La Ferola

Photovoltaic sistem

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 21:59:57 UTC

Photovoltaic systems are probably the best known means of finding clean energy that simply exploit the presence of the sun. Photovoltaic panels, made up of several photovoltaic cells, convert the energy of photons into electricity.
It is suggested also for an economical point of view: infact considering that on average we pay 100 € per month and a sistem cost about 7000 €, after six years you start to earn money and to be free from electric companies.
Francesco Pierri

Hydroelectric plant

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:00:16 UTC

Hydroelectric plants exploit the movement of river currents also using dam to incease potential energy. The wather flow runs through the turbines producing kinetic energy which is transformed in electric energy.
Francesco Pierri

In our cities

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:00:49 UTC

Things you can do to prevent pollution

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:01:22 UTC

To reduce environmental pollution we should begin from using cars less and public transport more. Then we could also do other things like:
- Buying natural gas cars
- Turning off the light when not needed
- Turning off the little light of the stand by time of TV, PC and more
- Turning off the water when brushing your teeth, hands ect.
-Buying used clothes and items
- Where possible, move to wood heating (CO2 balance in a draw)
- Be careful when doing shopping: try picking something with less packaging but with as much content you can find, for example toothpaste, mayonnaise, big sizes bottles of shower gel and shampoo (less packaging in proportion to the content), use soap instead of liquid soap
- When you go shopping, always try to use cotton or thick plastic reusable bags more than once
- Make recycling
- Do not buy mineral water, but drink tap water or try filling bottles from the drinking fountains you find in the streets.

PALUMBO

Making Sustainable Energy Choices :

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:01:34 UTC

Turn off lights and electronics when you are not in the room. You can also unplug them for even more energy savings. Plugging electronics into a power strip is also a good strategy because you can easily turn off the power strip and turn off all of the electronics at the same time.
Di Lauro

Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling :

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:01:48 UTC

Buying used items whenever possible

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:01:55 UTC

By buying used products, you will help reduce the demand for new materials to be created. You will also save money. Check local thrift shops, used furniture and appliance stores, and local ads to find used items.
Di Lauro

Buying reusable items

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:02:04 UTC

Lots of waste is generated by disposable cups, plates, utensils and storage containers for food. Instead of contributing to the waste in landfills by using disposable dinnerware, primarily use reusable items.
Di Lauro

Recycling everything that you can

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:02:14 UTC

Almost everything that you buy can be recycled. Try to avoid products that do not have a recycle symbol on the package or that are made of mixed materials that may not be easy to recycle.

Check to see if your waste management company offers recycling pick up services. If not, you can always take your sorted recyclables to a nearby recycling center.
Di Lauro

Purchasing items made from recycled materials

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:02:26 UTC

By purchasing items that have been made from recycled materials, you will be helping to reduce the amount of new materials that need to be produced.

Look for items that include the terms “recycled content-product” or “post consumer content.”
Items made from recycled materials will also often provide a percentage to indicate how much of the product’s material came from recycled content. Look for items that have higher percentages than others.
Di Lauro

Bike Sharing

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:02:35 UTC

Bike sharing is one of the sustainable mobility tools that public administrations use the use of public transportation (buses, trams and underground), and integrating them with the use of shared bicycles for quick mobility and trips where public transport does not arrive or cannot arrive. It is therefore a possible solution to the problem of the "last kilometer", that is that stretch of route that separates the public transport stop from the user's final destination. Shared bikes require stations that have to be installed in different points of the city to place the bicycles. The bicycles are locked and can be used after unlocking them either with a key or with a contactless card. The service is therefore generally not available to everyone but requires a registration for the delivery of the keys or card: in this way thefts are discouraged since you are aware of who used the bicycle at the time.
Di Lauro

What is Italy's behavior? (Emanuela Cacciapuoti)

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:03:55 UTC

Northen Italy is the most affected zone by pollution. There is

a very high emission of CO2 and the country has decided to improve the air exploiting natural resources.
Emanuela Cacciapuoti

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:04:04 UTC

In italy solar panels are mostly used: but first of all what are they?

The term solar panel is used colloquially for a photo-voltaic module. A PV module is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a frame work for installation. Photo-voltaic cells use sunlight as a source of energy and generate direct current electricity
Solar energy in Italy has had a significant increase since the first decade of the 21st century, reaching the fifth position worldwide. It represents 7% of the electricity generated in Italy in 2013, reaching the first position worldwide.
Emanuela Cacciapuoti

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:04:15 UTC

Another way to improve the quality of the air we breath was inventad by Stefano Boeri, Gianadrea Barreca and Giovanni La Varra: Bosco Verticale. Two towers with over 100 partments with plants, trees. They are the cheapest and most efficient way to absorb carbon dioxide; moreover they can keep temperatures cool indoors.
Emanuela Cacciapuoti

Clear the sea (Emanuela Cacciapuoti)

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:04:42 UTC

Seabin

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:05:08 UTC

Seabin, the bin that removes floating waste from the water, has swept the world with its simplicity and effectiveness. It has been built by Pete Ceglinski.
This form of pollution is so serious that the total weight of plastic in the seas will exceed that of fish by 2050, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Ceglinski and Turton quit their job devoting themselves to developing Seabin, a floating basket that sucks and collects waste from water, including microplastics. Effective especially in areas such as ports, where debris accumulates, it is able to capture more than 500 kilos of waste per year.
Emanuela Cacciapuoti

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-13 22:05:36 UTC

The goal is not only to collect plastic but to reduce the amount that reaches the oceans, for example by helping to better understand what the effects of pollution are on people and ecosystems by providing important research data.
Emanuela Cacciapuoti

AIR POLLUTION

raffaelamendola13 — 2020-05-14 07:46:20 UTC

We waste the bounties of our nature without a thought that our actions cause serious problems.

Air pollution is one of the most dangerous forms of pollution. A biological, chemical, and physical alteration of the air occurs when smoke, dust, and any harmful gases enter into the atmosphere and make it difficult for all living beings to survive as the air becomes contaminated. Burning of fossil fuels, agriculture related activities, mining operations, exhaust from industries and factories, and household cleaning products entail air pollution. People release a huge amount of chemical substances in the air every day. The effects of air pollution are alarming. It causes global warming, acid rains, respiratory and heart problems, and eutrophication.
Raffaela Mendola

1. Acid Rain

raffaelamendola13 — 2020-05-14 07:48:30 UTC

Acid rain: Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water droplets combine with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals, and crops.
Raffaela Mendola

2. Eutrophication

raffaelamendola13 — 2020-05-14 07:50:38 UTC

Eutrophication: is a condition where a high amount of nitrogen present in some pollutants gets developed on sea’s surface and turns itself into algae and adversely affect fish, plants and animal species. The green colored algae that are present on lakes and ponds is due to the presence of this chemical only.
Raffaela Mendola

3. Effect on wildlife

raffaelamendola13 — 2020-05-14 07:51:41 UTC

Effect on wildlife: Just like humans, animals also face some devastating effects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to a new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals.
Raffaela Mendola

4. Depletion of the ozone layer

raffaelamendola13 — 2020-05-14 07:53:54 UTC

Depletion of the ozone layer: Ozone exists in the Earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Earth’s ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As the ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to affect crops.
Raffaela Mendola

Ocean pollution

2020-05-14 07:55:31 UTC

Earth is the only planet in the solar system whose 71% of surface is covered by liquid water. The ocean, immense expanse of blue water that covers part of our planet is increasingly becoming the landfill of the Earth. From plastic bags to pesticides, most of waste produced by man ends up in the sea in one way or another. Ships and oil platforms also play their part role. There are therefore multiple sources and causes of marine water pollution: release of toxic substances such as chemicals and heavy metals, solid materials and waste, accidental discharges of oil; plastic is one of the major solid materials discharged into the sea and therefore the major cause of its pollution. Plastic not only pollutes the oceans but also harms the environment and the human health. The alarm comes from a recent scientific study that shows really worrying data, making the ecological emergency particularly serious. The problem concerns especially microplastics, micro particles that can be found in impressive quantities, we are taking about a magnitude of 8.3 million particles in a cubic meter of water. If plastic gets to contaminate even the small organisms, that inhabit the depths of the marine abysses, and that are located at the bottom of the food chain, it is simple to grasp how much and how easily it can affect even human health and the one of all the animals belonging to higher steps of the food chain. The fragments of the most polluting material in the world have long contaminated the food chain, right from the seas and oceans. Knowing, however, that their quantity is far greater than what has been ascertained so far makes the phenomenon even more frightening. The sea often represents the reservoir in which the final products of many processes and activities that are developed in the city, in the countryside (agriculture) and in industries are conveyed and placed. If we want to face this problem, we have to act now, we have to change our lifestyle, see the world through other eyes, we have to look beyond. By 2021 all the countries of European Union will have to decrease the production of plastic, abolishing some products which are the main cause of pollution.
Lopes Ciro

CLIMATE CHANGE

2020-05-14 07:56:11 UTC

In our time, we are experiencing more and more frequent floods, desertification and the melting of glaciers because of climate change. First of all, we should say that causes of these calamities are not natural ones, but they are the result of human mistakes.

The root cause of these problems is global warming, that is, primarily, a problem of too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.

Now I am going to underline the causes of the main problems we are experiencing and increasing with our mistakes in everyday life.

Desertification is a process by which fertile land is transformed into desert as it becomes progressively drier and unable to support any plant growth for food production.

It is one of these serious problems nations are trying to solve or at least to limit. It is caused by urbanization, overgrazing and deforestation and, in the meantime, desertification is slowly creeping up into our lives and has the power to change everything.

Higher food prices, water availability, violent conflicts for land, migration, increasing poverty and pollution could be the outcomes of desertification if we let it consume more of our planet.

Floods are characterised by an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. They are caused by heavy rains, overflowing rivers, broken dams, storm surges, tsunamis and lack of vegetation.

An other environmental condition that need immediate attention is the melting of the glaciers. Glacier is a dense body of ice that has been formed where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years. Glaciers are not formed instantly. They need centuries for their formation.

Moreover, the main causes of melting of glaciers are the burning of fossil fuels. It has resulted in the buildup of greenhouse gases in the environment thus influencing the warming trend because they trap heat in the atmosphere. When we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to create electricity or power our cars, we release CO₂ pollution into the atmosphere. Australians, for example, are big producers of CO₂ pollution compared to the rest of the world. Other problems that emphasize the melting of glaciers are oil and gas drilling, deforestation and ice breaking ships.

DAVIDE DI CANDIA

5. Respiratory and heart problems:

raffaelamendola13 — 2020-05-14 07:56:23 UTC

Respiratory and heart problems: They are known to create several respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to the body. Several million are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of Air pollution. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants are said to commonly suffer from pneumonia and asthma.

Raffaela Mendola

Waste disposal

federicacanale — 2020-05-14 07:56:23 UTC

The substances that continue to be discharged into the waters cause the death of fish and the destruction of plankton. These wastes also have an industrial origin and are due to the discharges of the thermoelectric and thermonuclear plants and the oil tankers which discharge the washing water from the tanks into the sea. Furthermore, this water pollution is responsible for the birth of many diseases such as viral hepatitis, acute gastroenteritis etc.

Federica Canale

Interview

federicacanale — 2020-05-14 08:00:46 UTC

Geothermal plant

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-14 08:30:04 UTC

The earth’s core is about as hot as the sun’s surface, due to the slow decay of radioactive particles in rocks at the center of the planet. In geotheramal plants drills are used to dig deep wells which bring very hot underground water to the surface as a hydrothermal resource. The water is then pumped through a turbine to create electricity.
Angelo Viscovo

The luxury of the food

federicacanale — 2020-05-14 08:33:30 UTC

With the desertification rising more and more we all should rethink how we grow, share and consume our food. If the agricolture, forestry and fisheries are done correctly, maybe we can afford to face desertification and provide nutritious food for all and generate decent incomes. In the meanwhile we can support people centred rural development and protect the environment.

Firstly, we’re going to investigate the origins and causes of this natural process. Let’s say that normally it would happen in a natural way, though there are many factors that lead to fasten this phenomenon.

The first factor that increases the velocity of the process is the factory exploitation of the soil which leads to the global warming. What’s more, this high increase of the global temperature contributes to the rising of desertification. One other factor that causes the increase of the natural velocity of this process is the overexploitation of the natural resources by man.

Secondly, the effects of the desertification are known in some zones of Africa, as an example the dryness of Sahel in the desert of Sahara. Though, Africa is not the only place where water is disappearing being replaced by desert. More the soil will be overexploited, faster our natural resources will end leaving the world in dryness..

Maybe if we all become more aware of our planet and of the finitude of the resources, hunger and starvation will definitively decrease.

Dario Murolo

Biomass

viscovoa02 — 2020-05-14 08:34:16 UTC

Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and includes crops, waste wood, and trees. When biomass is burned, the chemical energy is released as heat and can generate electricity with a steam turbine. biomass energy could serve as a low-carbon option under the right circumstances. For example, sawdust and chips from sawmills that would otherwise quickly decompose and release carbon can be a low-carbon energy source.
Angelo Viscovo

VIDEO DI BARKER, SARNELLI, NOVIELLO, BAVA, DI COSMO

gigaluca — 2020-05-14 08:54:35 UTC

cirolopess — 2020-05-14 11:23:51 UTC

https://mega.nz/file/Vpl3yKJa#F_NQDw0T8ZH0m18_6rqwdxcGJQJFE8wCUZA6jYyRSQ0