L2: Period 3 by NURSHAFIKA BINTE MUHAMMAD AFANDI

Period 3

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:05:24 UTC

Properties (shafika)

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:05:36 UTC

Reaction with its oxide (ferdy)

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:06:21 UTC

Reaction with its hydroxide (Ruzana)

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:06:42 UTC

Reaction with its chloride (Lisa & Pei Shan)

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:06:53 UTC

metal: Na, Mg, Al

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:36:35 UTC

- metallic structure
- high melting & boiling point: strong metallic bonding between metal nucelus & sea of electrons
- conduct electricity: electrons delocalised (able to move freely)

with Hydrochloric acid

210058781 — 2022-10-28 04:37:36 UTC

- Amphoterism can react with both acids and bases, acting as an acid in the presence of a base and as a base in the presence of an acid.
- Aluminium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminium chloride.
Al(OH)3 (s) + 3HCl (aq) --> AlCl3 (aq) + 3H2O (l)

metalloid: Si

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:37:44 UTC

- giant covalent structure
- HIGHEST melting & boiling point: strong covalent bonds between atoms
- does not conduct electricity: no free electrons, only able to conduct electricity at high temp

non-metal: P, S, Cl & Ar

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 04:38:48 UTC

- simple molecule
- low melting & boiling point: weak Van der Waals force between molecules
- does not conduct electricity: no free electrons

with water

21019679_2 — 2022-10-28 04:40:09 UTC

Na₂O _(s) + H₂O_(l)→ 2NaOH _(aq)
MgO _(s) + H₂O _(l)→ Mg(OH)_{2 (s)}
Al₂O₃ does not react with water → ions held strongly in the lattice

SiO₂ does not react with water → Si and O atoms are held strongly by covalent bonds, giant covalent structure

P₄O_{10 (s)} + 6H₂O _(l) → 4H₃PO₄ _(aq)
SO_{3 (g)} + H₂O _(l) → H₂SO₄ _(aq)

with acid

21019679_2 — 2022-10-28 04:40:38 UTC

Na₂O_(s) + 2HCl _(aq) → 2NaCl_(aq)+ H₂O _(l)
MgO _(s) + 2HCl _(aq)→ MgCl_{2 (aq)} + H₂O_(l)

Al₂O₃ _(s) + 6HCl _(aq) → 2AlCl_{3 (aq)} + 3H₂O _(l)

with base

21019679_2 — 2022-10-28 04:40:43 UTC

Al₂O_{3 (s)} + 2NaOH _(aq)+ 3H₂O _(l)→ 2NaAl(OH)_{4 (aq)}
SiO_{2 (s)} + 2NaOH _(aq) → Na₂SiO_{3 (aq)} + H₂O _(l)
P₄O_{10 (s)} + 12NaOH _(aq) → 4Na₃PO_{4 (aq)} + 6H₂O _(l)
SO₃ (g) + 2NaOH _(aq) → Na₂SO₄ _(aq) + H₂O _(l)

with acid

210058781 — 2022-10-28 04:42:03 UTC

Sodium hydroxide react with acid to form salts.
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) --> NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
2NaOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) --> Na2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Reaction with water (AlCl3)

21011364_3 — 2022-10-28 04:42:07 UTC

Eq: AlCl3 (s) + 6H2O (l) -> [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 3Cl- (aq)
-> form Hexaaquaaluminium ions [Al(H2O)6]3+

Eq: [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + H2O (l) <-> [Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
-> Al3+ and H2O molecules form co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds.
-> H2O more positive and easier to remove, making it more acidic.

210058781 — 2022-10-28 04:43:30 UTC

Magnesium hydroxide reacts with acids to form salts.
Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) --> MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) --> MgSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Reaction with water (MgCl2)

lisalisa08081998 — 2022-10-28 04:43:58 UTC

MgCl2 (s) + 6H2O (l) -> [Mg(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq)
- forms Hexaaquamagnesium ions
[Mg(H2O)6]2+

[Mg(H2O)5(OH0]+ and H3O+
- more H + present in the solution
- faintly acidic solution

with sodium hydroxide

210058781 — 2022-10-28 04:45:02 UTC

Aluminium hydroxide reacts with sodium hydroxide
It will give a colourless solution of sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate.
Al(OH)3 (s) + NaOH (aq) --> NaAl(OH)4 (aq)

Reaction with water (PCI5)

21011364_3 — 2022-10-28 04:53:38 UTC

Eq of cold water: PCl5 (s) + H2O (l) -> POCl3 (g) + 2HCl (aq)
Eq of boiling water: PCl5 (s) + 4H2O (l) -> H3PO4 (aq) + 5HCl (aq)
-> when there is enough water present to dissolve PCI5 -> HCl

Reaction with water (SiCl4)

lisalisa08081998 — 2022-10-28 04:54:42 UTC

SiCl4 (s) + 2H2O (l) ® SiO2 (g) + 4HCl (aq)

If water is added:
- a violent reaction occurs to produce silicon dioxide and fumes of hydrogen chloride.

In a large excess of water:
- hydrogen chloride will dissolve to give hydrochloric acid.

Period 3 elements form compounds of oxides and chlorides

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 05:00:06 UTC

Oxides oxidation state

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 05:03:16 UTC

Reaction with NaCl

21011364_3 — 2022-10-28 05:03:21 UTC

Chlorides oxidation state

21027529_2 — 2022-10-28 05:03:27 UTC