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      <title>Air Quality Topics by Daniela Peralta Albarrán</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality</link>
      <description>10 specific ideas/projects</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-10-05 21:28:13 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-03-01 16:41:08 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>Héctor Andrés - Research</title>
         <author>a01284602</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1794486528</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>According to studies from the ITESM, our university, this issue cost to the government and particulars around 4 to 8 billions of dollars every year. This is due to the cost of low work attendance due to the air quality, and due to the health attendance in hospitals.&nbsp;<br><br>The main sources of this problem in the air quality are: fix sources (the industry), cars, area sources (such as comercial and service related activities), and natural sources (like the erosion of the floor, among others).<br><br>According to Martínez, A. &amp; Valdez, A:&nbsp;<br><br>
</div><blockquote>"Among the most common air pollutants and their effects are: carbon monoxide (CO), generated mainly by burning fuel in vehicles and engines. Inhaling it reduces the amount of oxygen in the body's organs and tissues, aggravates heart disease, causes chest pain, among other symptoms. (4) Ozone (O3), a secondary pollutant formed by the chemical reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight, decreases lung function and causes respiratory symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath, causes asthma and worsens other lung diseases. (5) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is generated by the burning of fuel (from electricity companies, large industrial boilers and by vehicles) and the burning of wood, its inhalation aggravates lung diseases that cause symptoms of respiratory problems and increases the susceptibility to respiratory infection. (6) Also, by the particles (PM10 and PM2.5) that are formed through chemical reactions, from combustion (for example, the burning of coal, wood, diesel, gasoline), industrial processes, agriculture (plowing, field burning), and during road construction and in erosive processes and the extraction of stone material. Short-term exposures make heart or lung disease worse and cause breathing problems; and long-term exposures, heart or lung disease. (7) Another pollutant, sulfur dioxide (SO2), comes from the ignition of fuels (especially coal with high sulfur content), power companies and industrial refining processes, its inhalation aggravates asthma and makes breathing difficult ."</blockquote><div>
<br>According to a study made by the Japanese government, in order to help Nuevo León. They took samples of Monterrey's atmosphere from the AMM, and determined that the PM2.5 particles, (those that come from chemical reactions, industrial processes, agriculture, road construction, erosive processes and extraction of stone material) are the most dangerous particles in the atmosphere of the city. and according to the study, 36% of these particles come from the burn of fossil fuels, specifically by the ones produced by cars. <br><br><strong><br>References<br></strong><br>
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<br>1. Semarnat, DGGCARETC. Guía para la elaboración de programa de gestión para mejorar la calidad del aire (ProAire), versión 1.0. 1era. edición, México, 2013.<br><br>
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<br>2 . Yassi A., Kjellstrom T., de Kok T., Guidotti. Salud Ambiental Básica (versión al español del INHEM). México DF. PNUMA. 2002.<br><br>
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<br>3. Salvador Blanco, Akira Mizohata. Estudio de Partículas Suspendidas PM2.5 en el área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, 2015.<br><br>
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<br>4. Inventario de Emisiones Contaminantes y de Efecto Invernadero 2012 de la zona metropolitana del Valle de México http://www.sedema.df.gob.mx/flippingbook/inventario-emisioneszmvm2012/<br><br>
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<br>5 . Padrón Vehicular 2014, Instituto de Control Vehicular, Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León.<br><br>
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<br>6. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. (2000). La salud y el ambiente en el desarrollo sostenible. Washington, D.C.: OPS.<br><br>
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<br>7 . Rojas Bracho, Leonora; Garibay Bravo, Verónica. Las partículas suspendidas, aeropartículas o aerosoles: ¿hacen daño a la salud?; ¿podemos hacer algo? Gaceta Ecológica,Núm. 69, octubre-diciembre, 2003, pp. 29-44.Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Distrito Federal, México.<br><br>
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<br>8 . INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010. Nuevo León/Población/Localidades y su población por municipio según tamaño de localidad.<br><br>
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<br>9 . Peter Fabian, Martin Dameris Ozone in the Atmosphere: Basic Principles, Natural and Human Impacts.<br><br>
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<br>10. Ryding, S. y Rast, W. (Eds.), 1992. El control de la eutrofización en lagos y pantanos. Ediciones Pirámide, Madrid y UNESCO, París. 375 pp.<br><br>
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<br>11. Marco Martínez, Gerardo Mejía: Source Apportionment of PM2.5 for Supporting Control Strategies in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico. Paper No. 13190.<br><br>12. Martínez, J., &amp; Ciencia UANL. (2016, July 3). <em>Calidad del Aire en el área Metropolitana de Monterrey</em>. Ciencia UANL. Retrieved October 5, 2021, from http://cienciauanl.uanl.mx/?p=5391.&nbsp;</div><div>
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         <pubDate>2021-10-05 21:35:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1794486528</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Alexia Solis- Research</title>
         <author>a01284686</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1794495759</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>There has been a significant increase in the amount of pollutants in the air, particularly carbon monoxide and ozone in Monterrey. The increase in these pollutants is due to fugitive emissions of dust promoted by wind regimes to the processes of industrialization and the increase in the number of vehicles mainly, as well as the absence of mandatory vehicle verification and traffic control programs in the face of environmental contingencies whose effects at the regional level may be related to an intensification of drought conditions during the dry season, as well as a rise in temperatures throughout the year.<br><br>Problemática ambiental, a. (2021). Problemática ambiental. Retrieved 5 October 2021, from http://www.observatorio.iinso.uanl.mx/index.php/diagnostico/diagnostico-01/diagnostico-0106<br><br>Mapa Calidad del Aire. (2021). Retrieved 5 October 2021, from http://aire.nl.gob.mx/map_calidad.html<br><br>Índice de calidad del aire (ICA) de Monterrey y contaminación del aire de México | AirVisual. (2021). Retrieved 5 October 2021, from https://www.iqair.com/mx/mexico/nuevo-leon/monterrey<br><br><br>
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         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-10-05 21:40:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1794495759</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Gabriela Cadena - Research</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1794749339</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A research on air quality in Mexico revealed that Monterrey is the most contaminated city in this country as it has the worst air quality in the country. Unfortunately, this contamination doesn’t come from only natural sources, but a lot of the human activities that humans carry out. These activities are done by the industries, activities in the commercial and services area, and all the transportation services and cars. The bad air quality is becoming extremely risky here in Monterrey as it causes diseases and problems for many people around the whole city. Currently the government in Nuevo León has organized a program to help prevent and get rid of this bad air quality so that Monterrey air can once again be clean the way it should be.<br><br>Sources:<br>Anguiano, D. (2018) Monterrey, la ciudad más contaminada. Available in: https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/monterrey/la-ciudad-mas-contaminada/&nbsp; <br>Martínez, A. y Valdez, A. (2016) Calidad del aire en el área metropolitana de Monterrey. Available in: <a href="http://cienciauanl.uanl.mx/?p=5391">http://cienciauanl.uanl.mx/?p=5391</a><br>González, A. (2014) Contaminación del aire en Monterrey: la salud en peligro. Available in: https://www.milenio.com/opinion/alejandro-gonzalez/columna-alejandro-gonzalez/contaminacion-del-aire-en-monterrey-la-salud-en-peligro<br>Aire Nuevo León (2017) Estrategia para la calidad del aire en Nuevo León. Available in: <a href="http://aire.nl.gob.mx/rep_estrategia.html">http://aire.nl.gob.mx/rep_estrategia.html</a><br><br><br>
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         <enclosure url="http://cienciauanl.uanl.mx/?p=5391" />
         <pubDate>2021-10-06 00:18:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1794749339</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>IDEAS//Projects</title>
         <author>a01284602</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800009959</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. If industries do not want to change their source of energy from fossil fuel burning to renewable sources, at least they should pay for the enough Venturi washers and bag filters to counter the chemicals emitted into the atmosphere.<br><br>2. The government should also try to implement electrostatic precipitators in the areas where there is a higher amount of concentration of chemical particles in the air. Now, we know we live in Mexico. So they should put it on the top of a lamppost, near cameras, in order to watch that no one steals anything.<br><br>3. This one is more innovative. We could apply a Venturi washer into the exhaust pipes of a car. So that the gas emitted from them, pollute around 89% less. This should be implemented to all cars that are not electric nor hybrid, and the government should give a financial help to the poorer people in order for them to implement this method. Another idea is to sell this idea to car brands.<br><br>4. One of the best tools in the fight against air pollution is education. By educating people on the importance of clean air, what they can do to lower their own emissions, and how to be aware of the air quality in their area, the problem of pollution can be better addressed. In this project the words are secondary and the actions a priority by supplying citizens with testing kits so they can learn more about the quality of the air in their local areas. The kits include a monitoring tube and an easy-to-follow guide, so that concerned citizens can get accurate answers about the air they're breathing. <br><br>5. In Mexico City there are a lot of interesting projects: include a low- and zero-emissions options like the Metrobús and Ecobici bicycles, young artists are using air-purifying paint to create murals for awareness about air quality, Ciudad Solar (Solar City) is an ambitious solar panel program that aims to harness 350 megawatts of solar energy by 2024 installing renewable energy units like solar panels and solar heaters across the city in private and public buildings, expanding green acreage, using recycled materials to open a massive new park in an outlying zone. <br><br>6.&nbsp;Make wind and photovoltaic parks to avoid the burning of fossil fuel that pollutes the air.<br><br>7. Education is a very powerful tool so there are different activities that can be implemented in school because this is something schools should teach since primary. There are many activities that can be implemented in a educational program an example of one is an Oil Spill Simulation: Videos and images of oil spill disasters can be an effective teaching tool since they can be so emotional, this will help students to understand why oil spills affect the environment so badly and how difficult they are to clean up.<br><br>8. Invest on technological machines for industries that don’t produce smoke that can pollute the air. <br><br>9. The government should penalize companies if they are using toxic chemicals that are contaminating the air, make them pay something as a punishment <br><br>10. Start encouraging people to use more solar energy, and make it a more affordable option<br><br>Mardones, Cristian, &amp; Fuentes, Jorge. (2017). REGULACIONES PARA REDUCIR EMISIONES DE MP 2.5 Y EXTERNALIDADES SOBRE SUS PRECURSORES CUANDO EXISTE DISPONIBILIDAD DE UN COMBUSTIBLE LIMPIO. <em>Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental</em>, <em>33</em>(3), 505-520. <a href="https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2017.33.03.13">https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2017.33.03.13</a><br><br>Kruger, A. (2020, August 28). <em>Let's Clear The Air: 5 green innovations improving air quality in Mexico City.</em> BorgenProject. https://borgenproject.org/innovations-improving-air-quality-in-mexico-city/<br><br>McFadden, C. (2020, September 12). <em>15+ Projects That Could End Air Pollution Around the World. </em>IE. https://interestingengineering.com/15-projects-that-could-end-air-pollution-around-the-world</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-10-07 14:32:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800009959</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Dany Peralta- Research</title>
         <author>a01423741</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800793582</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Monterrey is known for being a city surrounded by mountains, however, seeing them now is increasingly difficult due to a serious air pollution problem that also has a negative impact on the quality of life of those who live in it.<br>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Monterrey ranks first in air pollution among Latin America countries. The sources of this problem have been associated with:&nbsp;<br>·Industrial Activity<br>·Motor vehicles<br>·Extraction of stone materials from nearby mountains<br>There is a relationship between air pollution and diseases specially related to lung function such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and hypertension, metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, or more serious and rapidly progressive conditions such as neurological damage or some types of cancer.<br>What is the social cost? Well, environmental pollution affects about 5000 people a year.<br><br>The main agent that causes pollution is the industry through its gases and waste, followed by cars and trucks and the burning of garbage.&nbsp;<br><br>This is very dangerous and we all agree that Nuevo León soon will have a serious pollution problem and that it is a priority to address this problem. But, What are we doing? A quarter of the pepole stated that they do not separate their garbage into organic and inorganic, or waste for recycling. Only 30% share the car, more than a quarter do not turn off the heater when they finish bathing, and almost half take baths lasting more than 5 minutes.&nbsp;<br><br>A dialogue is needed that leads to an action plan for the citizens of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area and continues through the deployment of workshops with medical associations, community and industry representatives, all interested in reducing the rates of contamination.<br><br><br>Hernández, J. (n.d). Environmental pollution and its effects on our health. Transferencia Tec. https://transferencia.tec.mx/english/outstanding/environmental-pollution-and-its-effects-on-our-health/<br><br>UVM. (2016, July 27). Contaminación en Ambiental en Nuevo León. https://opinionpublica.uvm.mx/estudios/contaminacion-en-ambiental-en-nuevo-leon/<br><br>Gónzalez, S. (2019, April 4). Contaminación del aire en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey. https://tec.mx/es/noticias/monterrey/salud/sabes-como-impacta-en-tu-salud-el-aire-que-se-respira-en-monterrey</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/397073847/077f93147bfe9bc6260bc5d3ba126825/Captura_de_Pantalla_2021_10_07_a_la_s__14_17_42.png" />
         <pubDate>2021-10-07 19:26:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800793582</guid>
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         <title>Reflect. </title>
         <author>a01423741</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800961582</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>
<br><strong>Which of these ideas is of greater interest to the team?<br><br></strong>We were discussing based on the research and the projects we find out, that we want to have a combination of scientific projects such as the one of the Venturi and hand by hand with the education and try to implement and teach all the kids it doesn't matter if they are from private or public school. We also think that rural areas are very important to take into account. <strong><br></strong><br><br><br>
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         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-10-07 21:25:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800961582</guid>
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         <title>Team6</title>
         <author>a01423741</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800975467</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-10-07 21:36:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1800975467</guid>
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         <title>Laura Regina Rodríguez - Research</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1801179829</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The air quality in Monterrey is good, but that doesn't mean that there is no pollution or no contamination in the air, there has been a significant increase in air pollution because all of the cars and the smoke they cause, the fabrics, and other type of problems.<br>This can cause some really bad consequences on the populations health, like respiratory diseases that can grow and cause them to die, from skin diseases to big diseases like cancer.<br><br>N/A. (2021). CALIDAD ACTUAL DEL AIRE. October 6th, 2021, from AccuWeather Website: https://www.accuweather.com/es/mx/monterrey/244681/air-quality-index/244681<br>Gonzalez, S. (2019). ¿Sabes cómo impacta en tu salud el aire que se respira en Monterrey?. October 6th, 2021, from CONECTA Website: https://tec.mx/es/noticias/monterrey/salud/sabes-como-impacta-en-tu-salud-el-aire-que-se-respira-en-monterrey<br>Gallegos, F. (2020). Contaminación en Monterrey 'es multifactorial'. October 6th, 2021, from ABC Noticias Website: https://abcnoticias.mx/local/2020/11/27/contaminacion-en-monterrey-es-multifactorial-127329.html</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-10-08 00:20:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a01423741/EcologyAirQuality/wish/1801179829</guid>
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