The five main teaching and learning theories in Second Learning Acquisition (SLA) discussed by Ellis (2021) and the three types of input discussed by Ellis (1986) by Josiane Maria da Silva Castro de Carvalho Josiane Maria da Silva Castro de Carvalho https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew en-us 2021-09-15 19:29:13 UTC 2025-11-08 16:26:38 UTC hello@padlet.com Making a start (1960s-1970s) josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743845198 - Predictable and invariable route when the L2 learners acquire the grammar of a L2;
- stages of development like children acquiring their first language.

I think it’s impossible to have a predictable and invariable route when learners acquire a second language because, first of all, each person is different and we can’t say everybody will follow the same way, step by step. We also should have in mind the learner’s context. Since another things can influence the L2 acquisition and the students have different ones, we can't say it will be the same. Some students are more exposed to language than others, some travel a lot to other countries and, of course, all these can contribute to L2 acquisition.


]]> 2021-09-15 19:40:57 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743845198 Expansion period (1980s) josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743848643 - SLA broadened the scope of its enquiry considerably;
- four more areas of investigation – language transfer, linguistic universals, second language pragmatics, input/interaction.

]]> 2021-09-15 19:42:48 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743848643 Cognitive phase (1990s) josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743853286 - Information-processing theories are premised on an input-output view of learning and the ‘computational model’;
- interest in implicit and explicit learning;
- alternative views based on cognitive psychology about the role of consciousness in language learning

]]> 2021-09-15 19:45:07 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743853286 Social turn (late 1900s onwards) josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743857790 - Sociocultural theory emphasizes the role that mediation plays in the initial development and subsequent internalization of new knowledge;
- it emphasizes the importance of interaction in L2 acquisition.

For me, the interaction is very important in L2 acquisition because the learner uses the language and internalizes structures, gramar rules, vocabulary, and so on. The interlocutors can have a conversation according to the language level of them, using easier structures and, this way, the acquisition will be natural. When a learner studies a list of irregular verbs, for example, s/he probably won’t internalize it, but using the irregular verbs in situations, they'll use and internalize it. That’s we should try to use contextualized lessons in our classes, so the learners can interacte with us and the other students.


]]> 2021-09-15 19:47:25 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743857790 Recent developments (2000s and 2010s) josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743862250 - Complex Dynamic Systems Theory - it emphasizes the interconnectedness of social, cognitive and psychological for the use and acquisition of an L2;
- the multilingual turn – multilingualism is the central area of enquiry and the multiple competencies of bi/multilingual learners are emphatisized.

]]> 2021-09-15 19:49:51 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743862250 FIRST TYPE OF INPUT - BEHAVIOURIST VIEW josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743902494 - Learner as a language producing machine;

- input is the language available to the learner in the form os stimuli (models to follow) and feedback (it reinforces when the utterances are correct and correct when they are not);

- learning is carefully shapped or regulated through stimuli and feedback.

]]> 2021-09-15 20:12:30 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743902494 SECOND TYPE OF INPUT – NATIVIST VIEW josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743905777 - Learner as a grand initiator with the abilities to discover L2;

- input is a trigger that activates the internal mechanisms;

- learning acquisition can be explained based in what happens inside the learner.

]]> 2021-09-15 20:14:27 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743905777 THIRD TYPE OF INPUT – INTERACTIONAL VIEW josicastro https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743907390 - LA is a result of interaction between the learner’s mental activities and the appropriate input;

-  the learner’s processing mechanisms determine and are determined by the nature of the input.

]]> 2021-09-15 20:15:27 UTC https://padlet.com/josicastro/lc7edxsg2e8lf1ew/wish/1743907390