Enzyme Project by Stuti Naik https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1 How are they used in the cosmetic industry? en-us 2020-04-12 17:15:16 UTC 2026-03-10 06:24:12 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f469-1f52c.png The Role of Enzymes in the Cosmetic Industry 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/503704891 2020-04-12 18:46:10 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/503704891 Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate at which cellular reactions take place. They also bind molecules and alter them. Enzymes are essential for aiding digestion, respiration, and nerve function. Almost all metabolic processes in a cell need enzyme catalysis in order to sustain life. 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/503708943 2020-04-12 18:52:16 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/503708943 349160770 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/503710184
  • Enzymes are made from amino acids which are proteins. When it is formed, it is made by stringing together between 100-1,000 amino acids in a specific order, which then folds into a unique shape. This shape allows the enzyme to carry out specific chemical reactions. 
    • What are co enzymes and co-factors? Why are they important?
    • Co-factors serve the same purpose as co-enzymes, as they regulate, control, and adjust how fast these chemical reactions would respond and take effect in our body. The big difference is that co-enzymes are organic substances, while co-factors are inorganic

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  • Enzymes have wide applications in the field of cosmetics. 
  • The cosmetics industry has been using enzymes such as pumpkin for resurfacing and smoothing skin for many years. Enzymes are also used to treat skin conditions related to skin aging, acne, congestion, and pigmentation. Their most common benefits include free radical scavenging, protein breakdown, structural reinforcement, antibacterial benefits, and exfoliation.
  • Enzymes also play an important role as good chemical exfoliants. They dissolve and remove dead cells from the surface of the skin. To enhance the effectiveness of these enzymes, they are combined with other chemical peels, such as certain vitamins.
    For instance, oily skin prone to acne benefits from a combination of salicylic acid (BHA) and enzymes, whereas sun-damaged and uneven toned skin responds well to the alpha hydroxy acids (e.g., retinoic acid) combined with enzymes.


    • ]]>     2020-04-13 07:48:26 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504174489     349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504180296 2020-04-13 07:55:01 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504180296 Enzymes most frequently used in cosmetics, called proteolytic enzymes (also referred to as protease), break down proteins so that the skin can better absorb their components and so promote cell growth and renewal. Papain (from the papaya) and Bromelain (from the pineapple) for the skin has are very efficient and are often used as ingredients in cosmetic products. Cosmetic industries also use papain in exfoliating treatments to remove dead surface skin. 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504181806 2020-04-13 07:56:53 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504181806 History of the methodology 349160770 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504424870
  • Bio-catalysts; either enzymes or microbes have been used for decades. In 1876, a scientist by the name of Kuhne suggested naming the ferments "enzymes". 
  • Enzymes are powerful cellular catalysts which are responsible for managing thousands of reactions in the cell. 
  • It was first discovered in 1833, however it was not until 1926 when it was established that enzymes were special, active proteins.
  • Biocatalysis undergoes a process, where it uses natural substances to speed up chemical reactions.  This is a great advantage in terms of creating high standard, quality products as well as reduces excess generation of waste. 
  • Lipases are highly used for enzyme-catalyzed synthesis in the cosmetic industry. This is due to their ability to identify a vast variety of substrates and catalyze a large number of reactions.
  • Enzymes are highly specific and complex protein catalysts that increase the rate at which reactions occur.
  • Temperature, pH and pressure are all significant factors that are needed to support chemical reactions that must take place in cells. If the chemical reactions don’t proceed quickly, then the cells ability to work successfully would fail.
  • Coenzymes and cofactors in cosmetics are used because they are safe. They encourage the efficient functions of the enzymes; to provide a healthy appearance to the skin, as well as promote cell growth. Coenzymes and cofactors are stable, low in molecular weight and penetrate through the dermal tissue to help activate the enzymes present. They are simple to contrive into cosmetics, and perform optimal & safe functions when topically applied. 
  • The cosmetic industry is developing alternatives and constantly improving and creating efficient methods to chemical routes for synthesis. This is due to an increased push  towards environmental/health safety, sustainability, as well as society choosing natural, chemical free products

    • ]]>     2020-04-13 12:22:46 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504424870     Which countries tend to have prevalence in this industry? 349160770 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504439019
  • Growth rate in shares, markets and locations continuously rise due to demands of consumers. The major global cosmetics market are: The USA, Europe and Asia–Pacific. Among Asia–Pacific countries, India represents the emerging market for different cosmetic products and has grown rapidly.
  • Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia and Turkey etc.)
  • The demand for enzyme production worldwide has satisfied  about 12 major producers and 400 minor suppliers. Nearly 75% of the total enzymes are produced by three top enzyme companies, i.e. Denmark-based Novozymes, US-based DuPont (through the May 2011 acquisition of Denmark-based Danisco) and Switzerland-based Roche. The market is highly competitive, has small profit margins and is technologically intensive.
  • Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam)
  • Skin care has been the most profitable product category, as its market value is predicted to grow by 20.1 billion U.S. dollars between 2014 and 2019. As of 2018, Asia Pacific was the industry leader, accounting for approximately 40 percent of the global market.
  • During past decades, India has witnessed a sharp inrush of many international brands in the biological derived cosmetic products.To add on, companies try to switch to using ecofriendly and ayurvedic ingredients in cosmetic products. This has significantly contributed in upraising and innovating the cosmetic industry.
  • As per the statistic given by Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), currently Indian cosmetic industry is approximately 600 million US dollar and is expected to grow by 15–20% annually.

    • ]]>     2020-04-13 12:35:31 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504439019     Industrial Production of Enzymes 349160770 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504888023 2020-04-13 16:51:51 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504888023 Industries that use Enzymes and Catalysts 349160770 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504905331 The food and beverage industry dominate the enzyme global market
    • Approximately 158 enzymes are used in the food industry, 64 enzymes in technical application, and 57 enzymes in feedstuff. 
    • Nearly 75% of all industrial enzymes are hydrolytic enzymes.
    • Carbohydrases, proteases and lipases dominate the enzyme market, accounting for more than 70% of all enzyme sales.
    • Many other industries where enzymes are used are: in textiles, laundry/detergent, food processing (dairy, baking, juice, starch), brewing, animal feed, and more
    • Common enzymes found in these industries are Amylases, Lipases, Lactases, Oxidases, Papain, and peroxidases.
    ]]>     2020-04-13 17:00:59 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/504905331     Types of Enzymes: 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505085625
  • Enzyme: Superoxide Dismutase  function: Free radical scavenging, skin care Microorganism: Corynebacterium, Glutamicum, Lactobacillus plantarum 
  • Enzyme: Proteas function: removal of dead skin Microorganisms: Aspilergus niger, Aspilgerus flavus, Bacillus subtilis
  • Enzyme: Endoglycosidase function; teeth/gum tissu care Microorganism: Mucor hiemalis
  • Enzyme: Lacase function: hair dye organism: bacillus subtilis Microorganism: Trametes versicolor
    • Enzyme: Lipase function: skin care Microorganism: Aspergillus oryzae

    ]]>     2020-04-13 18:50:06 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505085625     Impact on Health and Environment 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505093817
  • Over the past decades, researchers have found that the penetration of certain cosmetic ingredients has caused detrimental impacts on the environment, and also tend to pose health hazards. 
  • Parabens and phthalates which are common cosmetic ingredients have been found in breast tumor tissue and urine.
  • A big health hazard is that companies such as Estee Lauder, Avon and Revlon create products with hormone-disrupting and carcinogenic chemicals, which have highly contributed towards breast cancer.
  • Cosmetics preservative BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)  has been known to kill fish and shellfish, as well as cause genetic mutations in amphibians
  • P-phenylenediamine, found in hair dyes and lipsticks, has killed many aquatic species. 
  • Numerous cosmetic and skincare products are manufactured with over ten thousand various chemical ingredients. Many of these are carcinogenic and toxic to the reproductive and endocrine systems. Pesticides and other substances such as BPA, commonly found in cosmetics/sunscreens are known to disrupt the hormonal system, as evidence has suggested an artificial increase in hormone levels.
  • According to the Office of Cosmetics and Colors at the federal Food and Drug Administration, cosmetic manufacturing companies can use any raw materials in the products they make and sell them to the public without getting it approved by the FDA, which poses a big threat, as the materials used can be hazardous in many known and unknown ways.

    • ]]>     2020-04-13 18:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505093817     The Structure of SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505098713 2020-04-13 18:58:55 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505098713 First type of Enzymes used in the Cosmetic Industry 349975441 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505136215 -  The use of enzymes in the cosmetic industry dates back to the early 1900s, and the first type of enzymes discovered for the potential use in cosmetics was SOD. 
    • Superoxide dismutase is often extracted from yeast, and is found in almost all living organisms and works to protect the cells from free radicals in aqueous environments. Free radicals are natural byproducts of chemical reactions in our body and are also reactive molecular structure. SOD is found in barley grass, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, wheatgrass, and most green plants.
    • SOD, in combination with catalase, is responsible for protecting skin proteins from aging due to oxidation. It works by dismutation, a process by which a highly reactive oxygen free radical is converted to a less reactive form. This is important to aerobic cells. If the oxygen molecule is not completely reduced to two water molecules (by accepting four electrons), the partially reduced superoxide radical will remain and can cause damage to skin.
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  •  "cosmetic" and "enzymes" are keywords that reveal that there has been numerous research done, that focuses on the applications of enzymes in skincare after 1999. More than 150 patents were applied per year after 2003. 
  • These applications include catalase in skin protection , laccase in hair dye , lipase to prevent treat skin rash or diaper rash, endoglycosidase and papain in toothpaste and mouthwash to whiten teeth, remove plaque and odor-causing deposits on teeth and gum tissue. Furthermore, enzymes are also used in contact lens cleaners to remove protein films . 
    • A number of  serums utilize the remarkable properties of enzymes. Components like Superoxide Dismutase, CoQ10, and Catalase provide great benefits to skin, scalp & hair.

    Here are just some products with phenomenal enzyme components:

    TelomErase 6-in-1 Multi-Corrective Serum
    RevivHair Stimulating Shampoo
    RevivLash Lash & Brow Stimulating Serum
    ]]>     2020-04-14 01:32:47 UTC https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505483009     More about the use of enzymes in cosmetics 349160770 https://padlet.com/349160770/lbztg3uv3wl6isz1/wish/505501154
  • Gglycosidases promote the enrichment, rejuvination, and healthy cell growth of the epidermis with ceramides, and tyrosinase enable the synthesis of melanin. Other classes of enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase have been found to play a significant role in the breakdown of eumelanin, which has led to the development of products related to skin lightening. 
  •  Lipases are used in formulating products for skin care masks and hair products. This is due to their ability to metabolize lipids. 
  • Ex) Huda Beauty; a large billion dollar company has launched an enzyme based facial scrub. It is made of pineapple and papaya enzymes, which are meant to smooth skin and provide a soft, radiant glow. It is also meant to exfoliate, remove dark spots, unclog pores and reduce oiliness
  • Hyaluronidases, another group of enzymes, are greatly used in cosmetic surgeries, such as dermal fillers, lip filler, tear trough, etc. 
  • The global industrial enzymes market is highly competitive, with companies mainly striving to create quality products, have a notable performance, the use of intellectual property rights, and constantly improving, creating and innovating 
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