Phase II Role of the Nurse - Effects of Wildfire Smoke by Nikolina Stupar

PTSD

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Disrupted or poor sleep

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Anxiety

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Lots of effects --> coughing, trouble breathing, wheezing, asthma attacks, irritated sinuses etc etc

Resource: Coping with Crisis

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https://www.redcross.ca/how-we-help/emergencies-and-disasters-in-canada/get-help-disaster-relief-and-recovery/coping-with-crisis

Increased Anxiety and/or depression

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Exposure to wildfire smoke has been shown to increase cardiovascular-related health issues such as:

acute myocardial infarction
cardiovascular mortality
cardiovascular emergency department visits and hospitalization
cardiac arrest
heart failure
endothelial dysfunction

Alpo Vuorio, Budowle, B., Raal, F., & Kovanen, P. T. (2023). Wildfire smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease—should statins be recommended to prevent cardiovascular events? Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1259162

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Increased levels of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. https://globalnews.ca/news/9912490/natural-disasters-wildfires-canada-mental-health/#:~:text=Many%20studies%20have%20shown%20there,7%20through%2012%20remained%20traumatized.

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irritate eyes, lungs, throat and sinuses
increase the risk of heart attacks
trigger headaches and allergies
reduce lung function, especially in children

trigger asthma attacks
worsen COPD
worsen pneumonia

Mao, W., Adu, M., Eboreime, E., Shalaby, R., Nkire, N., Agyapong, B., Pazderka, H., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Owusu, E., Oluwasina, F., Zhang, Y., & Agyapong, V. I. O. (2022). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9759-. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159759

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The findings of this quantitative cross-sectional survey found that 5 years following the Fort McMurray Wildfire back in 2016 , 45% of participants still experience MDD and 39.6% of first respondent suffered from PTSD

Scoping Review of the effects of wildfires

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https://www.lung.org/blog/how-wildfires-affect-health#:~:text=They%20spread%20air%20pollution%20not,threats%20seriously%20and%20be%20prepared.

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ischemic heart disease and stroke, is associated with increased levels of air pollutants. Wildfire events can cause an abrupt increase in ambient pollutants. Exposure to such short-term elevations are capable of evoking cardiac arrhythmias, worsening heart failure, and triggering atherosclerotic/ischemic cardiovascular complications,

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Hypoxia (inhalation of carbon monoxide)

damage to mucosal structures in airway
edema of upper airways
bronchoconstriction
Acute respiratory failure

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Wildfire events can cause increased levels of air pollutants such as PM.

CVD, IHD and stroke is associated with increased levels of PM air pollutants.

Exposure to short-term elevations in PM levels can evoke

Cardiac arrhythmias
Worsening heart failure
Triggering atherosclerotic/ischemic cardiovascular complications (particularly in certain high-risk subpopulations)

Link:

Acute stress disorder or post traumatic stress disorder may become a complication due to most subjects who are exposed to wildfires failing to recognize the mental health factors that may be associated (Caamano-Isorna et al. 2011, p.2-3) . Caamano-Isorna., Figueiras, A., Montes-Martinez, A., Taracido, M., Pineiro-Lamas, M. (2011). Respiratory and mental health effects of wildfires: an ecological study in Galician municipalities (north-west Spain).Environmental Health, 10, pp. 1-9.

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Mental health Outcomes

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