https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at Made with charm en-us 2016-11-11 10:03:04 UTC 2025-03-01 04:05:12 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Babyhead.png 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/136963167 2016-11-11 10:10:25 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/136963167 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/136963328 2016-11-11 10:11:31 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/136963328 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137034195 AIM
-To investigate cross-cultural differences in children's understanding and moral valuations of lying.
The study aimed to compare the responses of Canadian and Chinese participants to stories that involved lying and truth telling in pro-social and anti-social situations. 

]]> 2016-11-11 15:51:48 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137034195 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137042153 PARTICIPANTS]]> 2016-11-11 16:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137042153 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137043498 All children were students at elementary schools. The Chinese were from the Zhejiang Province in China, Hangzhou. Whereas the Canadians were from a small city, Fredericton, New Brunswick (middle class).]]> 2016-11-11 16:26:33 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137043498 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137061109 2016-11-11 17:42:09 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137061109 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137061257 RESULTS
There were a number of similarities between the groups, mainly in their similarly negative rating of lying in antisocial situations and their positive ratings of truth-telling in those stories.
But there were also differences;
1) Chinese children tended to rate truth telling less positively and rated lying in pro-social situations more positively than Canadian children. 
2) Children in older age groups rate lying more positively in pro-social situations compared to younger children.
          - 7 year old - 25%
 - 11 year old - 70%]]> 2016-11-11 17:42:46 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137061257 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137063011 CONCLUSIONS
1. Moral reasoning can be influenced by our culture and the society in which we live
2. The influence of socio-cultural factors became stronger as we age
3. Same aspects of moral reasoning, such as judging antisocial lying as bad, may be universal
4. Lee et al suggested the differences between the two groups could be as a result of chinese children being taught self-effacement and modesty]]> 2016-11-11 17:51:53 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137063011 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137064460 The interviewer systematically alternated the words "good" and "naughty" in the question. ]]> 2016-11-11 17:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137064460 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137065244 2016-11-11 18:02:25 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137065244 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137065367 1997]]> 2016-11-11 18:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137065367 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137291243 2016-11-14 09:03:38 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137291243 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137291366 2016-11-14 09:04:24 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137291366 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137294409 IMPROVEMENTS TO LEE ET AL.
Aim:
To see if moral valuations of lying and truth telling varies throughout different cultures (collectivist, individualist, tight or loose) or is universal in children and adults.

Hypothesis:
There will be a difference in the moral valuations of children and adults in different cultures  with those from a collectivist country giving a negative rating to pro-social truth telling due to promoting modesty in their teachings.

Sample type:
A random sampling method will be used to obtain the sample from the target population (aged 7-30) from the four countries that encompass all  differences:
- 120 men and woman from  USA (tight, individualistic)
- 120 men and woman from  Japan (tight, collectivist)
- 120 men and woman from  Denmark (loose, collectivist)
- 120 men and woman from  Australia (loose, individualistic)
These people will be chosen through a random method such as taking names from a hat - all have an equal opportunity to be selected.

How to operationalize variables:
Similarly to the study carried out by Lee and Kohlberg, the participants will be read four moral stories; where 2 are pro-social and 2 anti-social. In 2 situations the character in the  story will lie and in 2 the character will tell the truth about their deed. The participants will then be asked to rate the deed on a 7 point rating chart where their rating is then changed into numerical scores that can compared with all other countries as the data is quantitative. 

Procedure:
The experiment is both cross-sectional  and cross cultural as the comparison is by age as well as culture. The experiment will occur in a lab where each participant individually enters and is read the stories. This will reduce order effects as well as any extraneous variable impacting the result.

Ethics:
The participants will not be informed of the true aim until they are debriefed after the experiement - this will avoid socially desirable answers. None of the participants will be forced into taking part and will be allowed to with draw from the study at any given point. The participants will have to concent into taking part - if the child is under 16 a guardian will do so on their behalf. None of the stories will be harmful so they are protected from any harm. The results will be anonymous so cannot be associated with them.  ]]> 2016-11-14 09:22:25 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137294409 11wellsl https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137308395 Links with Kohlberg and Piaget
The method used in the Lee et al core study was one which was similar to that of Kohlberg and Piaget. All three psychologists used a story telling method and the awaited answer responses were what determined the moral stage of the individual. Kohlberg concluded that moral development can be taught and improved which supports the results of the Lee et al experiment. The chinese were seen to accept the idea of lying in a good situations more so than the canadians and this was probably as a result of the way they were taught. Qualitative data was gathered when the children explained their answers and it was clear that for some, like Piaget stated, children judge right or wrong by thinking about the consequences of the actions (which Piaget realised is true for children of around 12 years old).]]> 2016-11-14 10:29:29 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137308395 11wellsl https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137313473 The chinese are known for being modest and for playing down a compliment instead of accepting it and thanking the person . This links with the fact that the chinese children thought it best not to tell the truth when the character in the story carried out a good deed.

]]> 2016-11-14 10:58:20 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137313473 11wellsl https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137314494 Article for a Section C
13a) Identify one psychological issue presented by the above article. Support your answer with evidence from the article. (5marks)
13b) Briefly outline one piece of psychological research and explain how it could relate to the issue you have identified. (8marks)
13c) Use your psychological knowledge to suggest how the issue you have identified in 13a could be managed. (8marks)
13d) Assess your suggestion given in 13c for managing the issue you have identified. (14marks)]]> 2016-11-14 11:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137314494 11wellsl https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137314902 2016-11-14 11:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137314902 11wellsl https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137314990 2016-11-14 11:07:46 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137314990 11wellsl https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137316032 News article on lying]]> 2016-11-14 11:13:57 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137316032 11portera https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137654875 Canadian Self Image]]> 2016-11-15 10:11:54 UTC https://padlet.com/11portera/laz29xe9a0at/wish/137654875