The Night of Broken Glass in different cities in Lower Saxony by Marissa Brenner

HOYA

2023-11-02 10:14:38 UTC

Events:

9 Nov 1938: smashed windows of Jewish shops
10 Nov 1938: SA troops set the Hoya synagogue on fire
Seven Jewish men were taken into “protective custody”
:)

Jever

2023-11-02 10:15:27 UTC

During that night , SA members invaded jewish businesses and destroyed their property.

Germans living in Jever took part in the gruesome acts

The synagogue was set on fire, the fire brigade was informed about the November Pogrom beforehand so they could protect close buildings, but they didn‘t try to stop the fire of the synagogue, so it ended up burning down completely.

The jewish graveyard in Jever was vandalised, with all of the gravestones getting pushed over and most of them breaking.

During the November Pogrom , 42 citizens were arrested, including old people and children aswell. Even though the women and children were let go the following day, 13 men were deported to the concentration camp in Sachsenhausen. All of them were let go until the end of the year.

Biographies:

Uelzen

2023-11-02 10:15:52 UTC

–During the night nobody was murdered

–Windows shattered/broken

–A Jewish shop named Horwitz was vandalised

–loss of Jewish people

(1934–>1938 36 to 17 Jewish members )

–19th July 1942 The last Jewish house in Uelzen got cleared so the 5 last Jews got deported .

Sehnde/Klara Rose

2023-11-02 10:16:10 UTC

In the night of 9 to 10 November 1938 the windows of family Rose‘s house were smashed
10 November 1938:
Gestapo officers searched family Rose's house and stole jewelry and valuables
The family was forced to leave the house by the back door
The tenant's children threw dirt and stones at 81-year-old Klara Rose on the street (the tendant instigated his children to do that)
Because of the consequences she died on the 9. January 1939
Shortly after her death, unknown perpretators left graffitis behind on the walls of her house: „ Nun ist Oma Rose tot und Sehnde ist einen Juden los“
In a degrading kind her family had to transport her in a handcart to the next Jewish graveyard, where she was the last Jew to be buried

After the night the purchases of the Jews were strictly controlled and forced to shop at specific times
On 2 Dez 1941 family Rose was deported into concentration camps by the gestapo
On 18 Jul 1942 Sehnde got reported as free of Jewish

Seesen

2023-11-02 10:17:22 UTC

In 1801 the “Jacobsonschule” was founded in Seesen. It was a jewish school. Since 1801 the school included a Synagogue as well as a Jewish graveyard.

1933 the Jewish community had 40 members, in 1939 only 2 were left. The synagogue was burned in the night from the 9th to the 10th of November 1938. At 2 am, a teacher was woken up by a student who noticed the fire. The fire lasted from 2 am until 6 am.

Siegfried Nußbaum, who was the Shamas of the Synagouge and lived with his wife in Seeesen, was accused to have caused the fire.He was arrested and shot, he died a few days later.

The shop Brocher&Brenner was also burned down.The SS also broke into jewish houses and arrested three men.

In the summer of 1939, there were no Jews in Seesen.22 jews and ca. 250 former student were killed.The Jewish cemetery survived and is home to about 100 gravestone.

The Stolperwelle in front of the Bürgerhaus reminds of the student who were killed at the Shoah.

Seesen

2023-11-09 09:20:32 UTC

Osnabrück

2023-11-09 09:31:40 UTC

Events:

9th November evening: At 23:55 orders from the Gastapo Berlin arrived to perform spontaneous actions against Jews. At 0:30 200-300 SA members gathered at the marketplace and even members of the BDM and HJ were ordered to take part in the attacks. At 1:00 an SA group of higher ranked arrived and explained the plan to attack the Jews in small groups and to set the Synagogue in the Roland street on fire.

They kicked in the doors of the Jews‘ apartments and beat them up in their bed. After they were done they kicked them out of their house with barley any clothing at night. On the streets they were continued to get beaten by SA members and lead to the castle of Osnabrück. Around 100 Jews were arrested, but released again the next morning. Jewish shops were broken into, destroyed and robbed.

10th November: Teachers lead their students to the burnt synagogue and the major ordered it to be demolished (which happened February 1939)

Autobiography:

Max Gottschalk was born in Osnabrück and met his lover Ruth Voss there in the year of 1936, who moved there to help her grandparents. Because of the growing hate for Jews in Germany they both wanted to leave the country. They got married on the 26th August 1938 and because Ruths granduncle lived in New Jersey he was able to get them immigration papers. On the 9th November Max Gottschalk came to Osnabrück to say goodbye to his parents, but got arrested, mistreated and sent to Buchenwald on the 11th November. On 14th November Ruth got interrogated in the castle of Osnabrück and was able to get her husband released from Buchenwald through proving he had immigration papers and paying an additional amount of cash. In December 1938 both were able to immigrate into the United States.