I studied economics

the last century

I love cooking, reading

What do you like to cook?

A recipe /récip/

Pork

Muslim religion

a lot of women wearing burka

when the snow falls

What series have you been watching?

The last series I saw (see) is The Crown

The people are kind with me

They try to understand my English

She get me nervous (me deixa nervosa)

With her English

I can't speak English because I get nervous.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Wouldyouliketo work inCanada?

1 2 3

wouldyouliketo see amovie?

Yes, I would.

Entry level jobs

I started to look for (procurar)

Shop help / assistant/ cashier

I worked in Fiat factory

Several areas/departments (vários) - many

What did you do in BMG bank?

What was you last job in the bank?

Financials supervisior

What will you do on the weekend?

I'll go to the mass. I'll go to the park.

A rollercoaster. (montanha russa)

Where did you go last weekend?

Last weekend I went to...

I took a ferry

a cableway/cablecar (teleferico)

Where do you do your groceries? Which supermarket?

(routine) I buy at Walmart.

always – frequently - sometimes – often – rarely – every day – seldom - never - once, twice
+ I never run on the street. (I live in Canada)

- I don't eat eggs every day.

? How often do you travel? I travel once a year.

(Com que frequencia voce...)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Temporary - Happening around now

now – at the moment – right now -  *next week - nowadays - currently
+ I am watching House of the Dragon nowadays.

-I'm not reading a book at the moment.

? Are you going to the beach next week?                      

FUTURE– WILL - INTENTION - PREDICTION 

tomorrow – later – soon – after – in December...
+ Tomorrow I'll go the thrifty store.

-On Christmas I won't go to Brazil.

? _WHERE_ Will you go next holiday?                    

WHEREWILL (you) GO  

FUTURE – BE GOING TO - PLAN - PREDICTION WITH EVIDENCE

soon – when I... - tonight – tomorrow – next...
+ My daughter is going to study History or Law.

-Tomorrow I'm not going to sleep until noon.

? Are you going to run after the class?                                            

PAST SIMPLE

yesterday – last week... - ago – in 2018... - before...
+

-

?                       

PRESENT PERFECT

just – since – for – already – never – ever – yet – so far – recently – lately - still
+

-

?                       

PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Lately – since – for – so far – recently – all day -
+

-

?                        

MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?                       

MODALS PERFECT
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?                     

Assessment

Evaluation

YOUR - person you're speaking to

Her house

His car

its

• Economics

• Cooking

• Books

• Work (Interviews)

• Numbers

• Possessive pronouns

https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/21/health/habits-increase-happiness-wellness/index.html

• Pronunciation FOCUS

• Linking Sounds (eliminate the pauses)

• Word Stress

Would you like a beer?

Would you like a coffee?

Would you like to WORK in CANADA?

INFORMATION WORDS

Your pronunciation - your listening

I'm working

I will work.

I'll /au/🐶 work. -

I would work.

I'd work.

She is at school.

She's at school.

I will go to the supermarket tomorrow.

• Word ending

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWy72LQuNIU

LISTEN

REPORT

LISTEN AGAIN (WITH SUBTITLES)

COMPARE

flood

mud - lama

There's still a lot of mud on the highway, and the basements.

(adj) stuck - I'm stuck here. (preso)

(adj) trapped - I'm trapped here. (preso)

(noun) trap = armadilha

1700 = one thousand seven hundred

(17 x100) seventeen hundred.

1100 = eleven hundred

year - 19 - 74 (nineteen, seventy four)

20 - 24 (we are in twenty, twenty four)

(noun) overpass bridge - viaduto

(verb) to spill - derramar

I spilled coffee on my shirt.

(verb) to fill up - (encher) - I have to fill up my cup, my cup is empty.

(noun) lanes - faixa da estrada

Keep the right lane to enter the next street

I drank the first here (past)

(V1 = drink - V2 drank - V3 drunk)

(noun) injuries - machucar (accident)

I suffered an injury at work.

(noun/verb) to commute - transportation to go to work and back home.

How does your husband commute? (como que ele vai para o trabalho)

He commutes by car.

How's your commute here? How will you commute?

I'll commute by car.

I take a bus. I can drive. I take the train.

(verb - phrasal verb) to get rid of - (se livrar)

I need to get rid of this problem.

The boss got rid of the supervisor. (gossip)

(verb - phrasal) to knock out - (derrubar)

The flood knocked out the power.

(verb - phrasal) to deal with (lidar com)

I will deal with this problem later.

I dealt /délt/ with this problem yesterday.

a downpour - a really strong rain (a tempest) - rainfall

There was a downpour last week.

(noun/verb) dust - poeira

There's a lot of dust in the highway.

You need to CREATE the habit of reading.

-> Check the dictionary

Max 5 minutes video.

Watch 3 times.

FIRST - NO subtitles. -> GENERAL IDEA.

SECOND - WITH Subtitles. -> MORE DETAILS. (numbers, places, names)

THIRD time - PAUSE - extract MAX 10 new words.

Check in a dictionary

-> WRITE - REAL examples.

I had to get rid of one student. (visualized - personalized)

Vocabulary - Identify (read, listen)

Have the word accessible/available (writing, speaking)

TENSES REVIEW

Part I

travel (verb) viajar

trip (noun) viagem

Poutine

-------------------------

REPORT

DOUBLE CHECK

LISTEN - PAUSE - IDENTIFY

sink in - understand something.

wildfire - (incendio)

further - (in more detail) We need to discuss this further.

be able to - (-able - to have the ability to)

I am able to drive.

at least - (pelo menos) - I need to sleep at least 8 hours.

it's heart-breaking - (sad)

the loss - (perda) Sorry about your loss.

wiped out - (completely destroyed)

whole - (inteiro) - I ate the whole cake.

all (todo) - I ate all the cakes.

although/even though - (Apesar) Although / Even though it was late, I called my brother.

allowed - (to permit) I am not allowed to stop here.

You're not allowed to park here.

standpoint (point of view) - ponto de vista.

From my standpoint the decision was correct.

to wrap up (embalar) - to finish.

Let's wrap up.

due to - (because) Due to the rain, the traffic is terrible tonight.

either... or...

Hoje eu vou comer ou sopa ou salada.

Today I will eat EITHER soup OR salad.

I can either watch a series or read a book. (ou uma coisa, ou outra)

blaze - chamas (fire)

to witness -(testemunhar) I witnessed a crime.

to last - (verb) (durar) - The flight to SP lasts 12 hours.

The movie lasted 2 hours.

throughout (during the whole)

I slept during the whole night. (a noite inteira)

I slept throughout the night.

Verb - EAT

Noun - PIZZA

PRESENT SIMPLE 

USE - ROUTINE - FACTS

FORM - V1 - DO + NOT (don't) - Do...V1?

KEY WORDS: always – frequently - sometimes – often – rarely – every day – seldom - never - usually
+ I always eat pizza. I always visit my mother...

- I don't eat pizza frequently.

? Do you eat pizza sometimes? Yes, I do. No, I don't.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

USE - Happening around NOW. Temporary (Future events - 100% sure)

FORM - BE + Verb+ing -
now – at the moment – right now -  *next week - nowadays (atualmente) - currently
+ I'm eating pizza now.

-I'm not eating pizza right now.

?  Are you eating pizza at the moment?  Yes, I am. No, I'm not.                   

FUTURE– WILL

USE - INTENTION - PREDICTION - NEW DECISION

FORM - WILL + V1 - WON'T + V1 - WILL you V1?

KEY - tomorrow – later – soon – after – in December... next...
+ I will eat pizza this weekend. /auit/

-I won't eat pizza after the class.

? Will you /uiuiu/ eat pizza Saturday? Yes, I will. No, I won't.                    

FUTURE – BE GOING TO

USE - PLAN - PREDICTION BASED ON EVIDENCE

FORM - be going to + V1

soon – when I... - tonight – tomorrow – next...
+ I'm going to eat pizza tomorrow.

-I'm not going to eat pizza tonight.

? Are you going to eat pizza next week?                                            

I will eat pizza tomorrow. - Intention

I am going to eat pizza tomorrow. - Plan

(SPOKEN) I'm eating pizza tomorrow.  100% sure (scheduled)

I'm visiting my mother on the weekend.

PRESENT
ROUTINE - Every week I go to the grocery store.
TEMPORARY - Nowadays I'm watching House of the Dragon.

FUTURE
INTENTION - I will buy a candy. 
PLAN - I am going to buy a car. 
SURE - I'm buying beer this weekend. 

TENSES REVIEW

Part II

I haven't eaten lunch. (now I'm hungry, but I will eat)

I went to Berlin twice. (can't change)

I have been to Berlin twice. (it can change)

Director: Have you finished the report?

Manager: No, I didn't. (and I will NOT finish it!)

Director 😡😡😡😡

No, I haven't yet. I need more time.

Director 😊😊😊

John: Did you move to the new house?

Mary: No, I haven't (yet). (but I will)

A: I haven't done the job. (NOT OVER)

B: I didn't do the job. (OVER)

USE - OVER - CANNOT CHANGE - Usually we know 'WHEN'

FORM - V2 (do - did) - did + not (didn't) V1 - Did you work (V1)?

KEY WORDS - yesterday – last week... - (one week) ago – in 2018... - before...
+ Yesterday I ate pizza.

-Last week I didn't eat pizza.

? Did you eat pizza last month?                     

PRESENT PERFECT - PAST but it's NOT OVER - CAN CHANGE - NOT specific about 'WHEN'

FORM - HAVE/HAS + V3 (do-did-done) I have done

HAVE/HAS + NOT+ V3 (do-did-done) I haven't done

HAVE/HAS + V3 (do-did-done) Have you done?

KEY WORDS - just – since – for – already – never – ever – yet – so far – recently – lately - still

(eat - ate - eaten)
+ Lately I have eaten pizza.

-Since Monday I haven't eaten pizza.

? Recently Have you eaten pizza?                      

• CHECK

• LISTEN AGAIN - SUBTITLES (DETAILS)

  
  

• COMPARE

• COMMENT

to afford - (you can pay)

• I can't afford a new car.

• I can't afford for a doctor.

compelling (adj) (attractive)

• This is a compelling argument.

despite (apesar de)

Despite the weather, I went to the park.

to earn (ganhar $) (fazer por merecer)

• I earned his trust.

word of mouth - boca a boca.

My business grew with word of mouth.

stand the test of time - (survives the time) (perdura)

• Banco do Brasil has stood the test of time.

charity - caridade

3,400 - thirty four hundred

to glean - obtain

I gleaned all the information I needed on the internet.

truly = really

I truly believe that Brazil's Women volleyball and the football teams will win the gold.

on its own - (por si só)

I study English on my own.

She studies English on her own.

He studies English on his own.

You studies English on your own.

They studies English on their own.

We studies English on our own.

It studies English on its own.

to set apart (differentiate)

What sets Canada apart from Brazil?

• LISTEN

• LISTEN - details (WITH subtitles)

• LISTEN & PAUSE - extract 10 WORDS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeHsqm4F-W4&t=8s

flourishing

seemed to

slightly

become

turns out

behaviour

strengths

came up with

pop out

own

get a raise

path

to earn

tricky

a bunch

zest

to figure out

squeeze in

subtle - subtly

janitorial

leisure

as well as

scroll

-Last week I didn't eat pizza.Eu nao comi

? Did you eat pizza last month?    

Voce comeu?

NOT OVER - IT CAN CHANGE
+ Lately I have eaten pizza.

Eu comi

-Since Monday I haven't eaten pizza.

Desde Segunda, eu nao como

? Recently have you eaten pizza?

Recentemente você comeu pizza?

THINGS THAT CAN CHANGE.

Yesterday I drank 2 cups of coffee. (impossible to change)

Today I have drunk 2 cups of coffee. (it CAN change)

Yesterday I didn't eat pizza. (cannot change)

Today I haven't eaten pizza. (CAN change)

Last year I didn't travel to Australia. 2023 is over.

This year I haven't travelled to Australia. 2024 is not over.

(ALWAYS try to use REAL examples)

• Since I've moved to Canada, I've visited Brazil once.

• I've watched Friends many times.

• I haven't watched Game of thrones yet.

• Have you read the books?

• I haven't read the books of Game of Throne.

ASKING ABOUT EXPERIENCES (in life)

Did you go to Bahia last year? No, I didn't.

Have you been to Buffalo? No, I haven't. (but it can change)

Have you watched The Sopranos? Yes, I have.

Have you eaten capybara? No, I haven't.

My father never visited Mexico.

I haven't visited Mexico.

Have you ever drunk absynth?

Have you ever (travel) been to England? No, I haven't.

Have you ever been to Buenos Aires? No, I haven't yet. (ainda)

at work

Have you finished the report? No, I haven't yet.

• I haven't eaten capybara.

• I haven't visited Berlin.

• Have you been to Paris? (Voce já foi para Paris?)

• Have you been to South Africa. No, I haven't yet.

• Have you ever seen the Deadpool movie.

• Have you ever seen Cirque du soleil?

TENSES REVIEW

Part II

PAST CONTINUOUS

+

-

?                       

PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Lately – since – for – so far – recently – all day -
+

-

?                        

RECENT (big news)

I have gotten married! (eu me casei)

I've /aiv/ bought a house!

I've just eaten. (Eu acabei de comer)

Mary has just left. (Mary acabou de sair)

John has just called. (John acabou de ligar)

• I've just eaten.

• - What did you eat? I ate salad, chicken.

• (The News) - Kalama Harris has just chosen her VP.

• Japinha has just won the bronze medal!

(choose - chose - chosen)

TALKING ABOUT THE PAST but there's a strong connection with the present. It's RELEVANT NOW.

I've lost my keys. (I can't enter my house)

Eu perdi

In a restaurant. I've forgotten my wallet. (I can't pay the bill)

Eu esqueci

• I haven't slept well. (I'm tired, I have a headache)

A: I'm so tired, I have a terrible headache.

B: Why?

A: oh, because I haven't slept well.

I ate.

What did you eat?

I ate chicken wings.

for me it's easier

near my house

I have never eaten Tim Horton's

my daughter drinks iced caramel coffee

I have never drunk that, but it must be delicious.

a television channel which airs (passa) old comedy shows.

Father Ted

you are grateful

She's 17

Quick Examples

V1 - V2 - V3

Go - Went - Gone

Eat - ate - eaten

Live - Lived - Lived

Work - Worked - Worked

Since I moved to Canada, I haven't (v3) gone to the beach.

How long have you lived in Canada? (including today)

I have lived in Canada for 1 year and 8 months.

How long did you live in Jundiaí? (Over)

I lived in Jundiaí for 8 years.

Where did you live before Jundiaí?

I lived in BH for 14 years. (Over)

In 2017... I travelled to Gramado.

In 2024, I haven't travelled.

I haven't read her book, but I will buy it. (possible to change)

Eu ainda nao li, mas eu vou comprar.

Connecting the Past with the Present.

I have been to Canada once.

Eu fui para o Canada uma vez.

SPECIFIC about WHEN

When did you go to Canada?

I went to Canada in 1994.

My city didn't exist in 1994. very young city.

I didn't know that.

EXPERIENCES

Have you V3...?

see - saw - seen

(travel, food, books, tv series, work experience, people)

Have you seen Friends?

Yes I have.

Yesterday I saw 2 hours.

Have you ever V3 eaten lam_b?

Voce já comeu...?

Thum_b

num_b (anestesiado)

my arm is num_b

Is there a lot of fish there?

Cod fish (bacalhau)

3l Olive oil

• WHY? OVER

• FORM - V2 (ate) - did not V1 (eat) - Did you V1 (eat)?

• EXAMPLES

• Yesterday I read a book.

• Last Sunday I didn't exercise.

• Last week did you make exercise?

  
  

PERFECT (past) - I have eaten 2 bananas today. 

• WHY? Connected to the Present -> NOT over

• FORM - have + V3 (eaten) - Have not V3 (eaten) - Have you V3 (eaten)

• EXAMPLES

• Have you tried ice skating before? No, I haven't.

• Have you been to Calgary?

• This week I have been to the supermarket 3 times.

• Today I haven't spoken with my mother.

• Today I haven't spoken with my mother yet. (ainda)

Yesterday I spoke with my mother. (cannot change)

Ontem eu falei com a minha mae.

Today I haven't spoken with my mother (yet). (possible to change)

Hoje eu nao falei com a minha mae (ainda).

I haven't been to Calgary. (in my life)

Eu nunca fui...

I didn't go to Calgary last week.

Eu nao fui... semana passada.

---

COMPARING PAST SIMPLE (OVER)

& PERFECT (NOT OVER)

I've been in pain (not over) all my life

I was in pain (over) (when I was a child)

PAST SIMPLE - OVER - CANNOT CHANGE 

I lacked attention (child) (falta de)

This sauce lacks salt.

I went through

I didn't know how to (over - specific about when)

NOT OVER

I've capitalized on (still capitalizing on this)

I've become successful (connection to the present)

I've always wanted to (visit Korea)

that has been my whole life (connected to the present - not finished)

OVER 

When I dropped out of the university in 1993

I didn't expected that would work (finished)

NOT OVER

I've been doing this for years (started in the past and I STILL do this)

I've been cooking for years.

you're not going to tell me anything I haven't heard (before)

My life has been characterized (not over)

Take notes.

Write a short summary.

(the price of Fast food is STILL increasing)

PREVIEW

Have you eaten Fast food in Canada?

Have you tried other fast food?

I just cross the street.

I've never eaten before.

PAST SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFECT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PTovCIa4c8

FAST FOOD

even as... mesmo

Even tired, I helped my brother.

average - (média)

on average, I sleep 7 hours per day.

miss

I missed the train. (perdi)

I miss my father. (sentir falta)

What do you miss from Brazil? I miss my friends.

a counter - (balcao)

over-the-counter drugs (don't need prescription)

(food) to go - I would like a pizza to go.

a foot (long) (measurement) = 30cm

1 ounce is 30grams

rose (past simple) - raise - rose (subiu)

Prices rose last year.

culprit - (culpado)

The culprit of the crisis.

a third - 1/3

minimum wage (salary) in Canada is $17.30

struggle (do with difficulty)

I'm struggling to learn Japanese.

OVER

become (during the pandemic) (se tornar)

I became addicted to learn languages.

(in 2022)

were

grew (grow - grew - grown)

(comparing 2019 with today)

has grown (still growing)

Companies have raised the wages (recently, impact today)

(wage - salary - What is the minimum wage in Canada? $17.30)

it has created (not over)

prices have soared (very big increase)

have seen - (still seeing)

We may have arrived - (talvez tenha chegado)

snack - (petisco)

it's highly caloric - a eat a handful

enticing - (attractive)

An enticing product.

although - embora... apesar de...

pullback - (economy) (retrocesso)

There was a pullback in the inflation.

affordability (able to pay)

I can't afford a new car.

(accessible)

however - but (apesar)

surge - (increase)

There was a surge of a new flu (mpox).

to strengthen (verb)

forte - fortalecer

weak (fraco)

weaken (enfraquecer)

soft (macio)

soften (amaciar)

darken (escurecer)

lighten (iluminar)

constraint - (restriction)

rely on (trust)

You can rely on me.

Can I rely on you to keep a secret?

goal - objective

What your goal? My goal is to learn English.

I was able to eat a whole pizza.

they haven't been able to (capaz de)

drive growth (impulsiona o crescimento)

I have worked in consulting.

Why?

WE HAVEN'T DONE  (we didn't do)

I HAVE TRIED  (I tried)

HAVE YOU FINISHED? (Did you finish?)

- NOT OVER?
- RECENT?
- TALKING ABOUT EXPERIENCES?
- NOT IMPORTANT WHEN. 

'possibly at night like it’d be a full moon there all night and sure it’d be bright out couldn’t anyone go up in the mountains at night sure. We’ll there was 45 sheep missing like and the lambs and everything with the sheep it counts out to a nice bit of money like. What can be done about it? Nothing...

The other fella,
Gaelic as well, then

...come back, come back. I’m missing about 10 ewes. It’s not all that difficult all you got to do is have a good dog. Have a good dog and go at night, some moon shine night. Just put the dog around them, put them on a trailer or walk them. And then probably somebody else to pick them up. Whoever is doing it knows what he is doing...

TENSES REVIEW

Part III

LISTENING

in ANY word ending in ED, the E sounds DISAPPEAR!

CALL_ED /CALL-D/

WORK_eD

Play_ed /play-d/

Clos-d

Opened

compared

VERBS ENDING -s, k, p, h, x with ED sounds like T

MISS missed /miss-t - Yesterday I missed the game.

PASS /past/ - I passed the test

KISS /kist/ - I kissed my mother.

WORK /workt/ - I worked a lot last week.

TALK - /talkt/ - I talked with the manager

WALK -/walkt/ - I walked a lot yesterday

BAKE - /bakt/ - Recently I've baked a cake.

LOOK - /lookt/ - I looked ridiculous in the yellow shirt.

WASH - washt - I washed my clothes yesterday

PUSH - pusht

WATCH - /watcht/ - Yesterday I watched Friends.

LAUGH - /laught/ - He laughed at me.

FIX - /fixt/ - I fixed my tea

STOP - /stopped/ - I stopped eating gluten. (I don't eat gluten anymore) parei DE

I stopped to eat something. parei PARA

I stopped watching football.

I stopped to watch the news.

HELP - helpt - I helped my friend yesterday.

I was going to bake a cake today, but you decided to change for tomorrow.

(eu ia fazer...)

I was going to call you, but it was late.

Here the price is lower (menor)

Here blueberries are cheaper. (mais barata)

MODALS
CAN - (poder) (ability)

+I CAN drive. (eu posso dirigir)

-I CAN'T drive a truck. (eu nao posso)

? CAN you drive? Yes, I can.                      

COULD (poderia, podia) (option)

+I COULD drive less. (Eu poderia dirigir menos)

-I COULDN'T drive more. (eu nao poderia dirigir mais)

? COULD you drive less? Yes, I could.

- SHOULD (deveria) (advice - light obligation)

+I SHOULD drive less. (Eu deveria dirigir menos)

-I SHOULDN'T drive at night. (Eu nao deveria dirigir a noite)

? SHOULD you drive so fast? (Voce deveria dirigir tao rápido?)

- MAY - MIGHT (talvez...) (possibility, probability)

+I may drive tomorrow. (Eu talvez dirija amanha)

+I might drive tomorrow. (Eu taaaaalvez dirija amanha) (less sure)

-I may not drive today. (Eu talvez nao dirija hoje)

-I might not drive today. (Eu talvez nao dirija hoje)

? May you drive tomorrow? (Voce talvez dirija amanha?)

*** USUALLY we use MAY in questions, to ask PERMISSION.

May I use your toilet? May I see your ID? May I go? 

VERY POLITE way to ask (sounds better)

? May I have another cookie, please? 

- WOULD (VERB - ...ria) (conditional***)

andaria - would walk

falaria - would talk

compraria - would buy

teria - would have

seria - would be

iria - would go

gostar - would like

+ I would drive more if I didn't live near the subway.

Eu dirigiria mais se eu nao morasse perto do metro.

-I wouldn't drive so much if I lived near my job.

Eu nao dirigiria tanto se eu vivesse perto do meu trabalho.

? Would you drive during a snowstorm?

Voce dirigiria durante uma tempestade de neve?

- MUST (devo, tenho que) (strong obligation)

+ I MUST wake up early tomorrow

+I must drive every day.

(Eu tenho que dirigir todo dia)

- I MUSTN'T /mussunt/ drive at night.

(eu nao devo dirigir a noite)

? MUST you drive every day?

(Voce tem que dirigir todo dia?)

IN ALL MODALS

WE NEVER USE: To, ---ing, V2 or V3 ONLY the V1

I can to drive

I can driving 

I can drove

Since yesterday I've (I have) drunk coffee

Since yesterday I haven't spoken with my brother.

Desde ontem eu nao falo com meu irmao.

Recently I have bought twenty pens.

Last night I didn't read my book, but it's on my side bed.

Lately I've watched series every night.

2 years ago I didn't move to Canada.

When I was a child, I helped /t/ my mum with domestic chores. I loved cleaning, cooking...

(until now, up to now) So far I haven't gone ice skating.

So far I haven't visited Blue Mountain.

(até agora, voce nao fez, MAS voce pretende fazer)

This week I've been to the mall with my daughter to buy clothes for the school.

(ir, visitar, viajar - been to)

Have you been to Blue Mountain?

I haven't been to Japan.

Last week I didn't go to the mass.

Why not?

I slept until noon. (overslept)

In 2023 I visited CN Tower.

In 2024 I haven't visited CN Tower.

Last week, did you go to a restaurant? No, I didn't.

Yes, I did.

This week, have you been to a restaurant? No, I haven't.

No, I haven't either. (nem eu)

(OVER) Did you V1 - Did you eat fruits yesterday? Yes, I did.

(NOT OVER) Have you V3 - Have you eaten fruits today? Yes, I have.

(OVER) Did you V1 -

(NOT OVER) Have you V3 -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ftQpEpKOXo

COMPARING PRESENT PERFECT (NOT OVER)

and PAST SIMPLE (OVER)

Last week did you read a book? Yes, I did.

(NOT OVER) Have you V3 -

This month have you been to the cinema? No, I haven't. Have you?

(OVER) Did you V1 -

Did you buy new clothes yesterday?

No, I didn't, did you?

(NOT OVER) Have you V3 -

Have you eaten pizza recently?

Yes I have, and you?

No I haven't, have you?

---- returning the question.

and you? what about you?

did you, have you,

Will you travel tomorrow?

No, I won't. Will you? And you? What about you?

TENSES REVIEW

Part III

MODALS

LISTENING

It was snowing

There wasn't a lot of snow

The coldest city in the world

its name is Yakult -71.C

The kid was happy

The School bus didn't work

electricity

home appliances

in her house

the family doesn't have anything

with her hand

it's not allowed (not permitted)

Are dogs allowed in your condo? Kira - Kiki

to fold the clothes (dobrar)

it's embedded in the refrigerator (embutido)

I have to turn on the kitchen hood

turnon - turnoff

I triggered the smoke alarm (disparei)

I don't have an electric guitar

the heater (to provide heating)

I - Iphone

E - email

A - abc

(encolher)

Shrink - Shrank - Shrunk

I bought this t-shirt and it shrank after I washed it once!

(afundar)

SINK - SANK - SUNK

the sink (pia)

My sink is full of dirty dishes.

PRESENT PERFECT (NOT OVER)

1) I LOST (lose) my keys last night - I had to call my flatmate to let me in.

OVER - SPECIFIC ABOUT 'WHEN'

2) I HAVE LOST (lose) my keys - can you help me look for them now?

CONNECTION WITH THE PRESENT - NOT FINISHED

3) I HAVE VISITED (visit) Paris three times.

NOT SPECIFIC ABOUT 'WHEN'. NOT FINISHED

I've called you twice today.

4) I VISITED (visit) Paris last year.

OVER - SPECIFIC ABOUT 'WHEN'

I called you yesterday.

v1 v2 v3 (perfect)

(KNOW - KNEW - KNOWN)

5) I KNEW (know) my great grandmother for a few years - she died when I was eight. OVER

6) I HAVE KNOWN (know) Julie for three years - we still meet once a month. NOT OVER

I still haven't found what I'm looking for.

7) She HAS PLAY_ED (play) Hockey since she was a child - She's pretty good! NOT OVER

8) She PLAYED (play) hockey at school but she didn't like it.

missed /mist/

9) I HAVE MISSED (miss) the bus - Sorry but I'm going to be late. NOT OVER - CONNECTION WITH THE PRESENT

10) I MISSED (miss) the bus and then I MISSED (miss) the airplane as well! OVER

missed /mist

passed /past

processed /procest

witnessed - witnest (testemunhar)

Officer, I witnessed a crime!

(GO - WENT - GONE)

11) I WENT (go) to Scotland last month.

12) I'm sorry, John isn't here now. He HAS GONE (go) to the shops. CONNECTION/CONSEQUENCE in the PRESENT

WENT (not wrong)

A: Would you like something to eat?

B: No, thank you, I've eaten. (consequence with the present - they are not hungry now)

A: Please, eat something, I've just baked some cookies!

I lost my job.

(RECENT) I've just lost my job (acabei de...)

Mary has just call_ed you. (Mary acabou de te ligar)

finish-t

13) We FINISHED (finish) this report last week.

14) I'VE FINISHED (finish) my exams finally - I'm so happy!

CONNECTION/CONSEQUENCE in the PRESENT

V1 v2 v3

(SEE - SAW - SEEN)

15) Yesterday, I SAW (see) all of my friends. It was great.

PAST SIMPLE (IT'S OVER) we use the V2

16) I HAVE SEE (see) Julie three times this week.

PERFECT (NOT OVER) we use HAVE/has + V3

17) She HAS LIVED (live) in London since 1994.

PERFECT (NOT OVER) we use HAVE/has + V3

18) She LIVED (live) in London when she was a child.

PAST SIMPLE (IT'S OVER) we use the V2

v1 v2 v3

(DRINK - DRANK - DRUNK)

19) I HAVE DRUNK (drink) three cups of coffee today.

PERFECT (NOT OVER) we use HAVE/has + V3

20) I DRANK (drink) three cups of coffee yesterday.

PAST SIMPLE (IT'S OVER) we use the V2

MODALS
CAN - (poder) (ability)

+I can cook every day.

-I can't (cannot) speak Mandarin.

? Can you run? Not really... I can for short distances.

COULD - (poderia) (options) (ask something)

+Tomorrow I could laundry my clothes.

-I couldn't take a bus.

? Could you listen in English tomorrow? Yes, I could.

SHOULD - (deveria) (advice)

+I should study more English.

-I shouldn't eat more.

? Should I listen more book? You should, definitely.

to chew (mastigar)

MAY - MIGHT - (talvez...) (possibility, probability)

+Tomorrow I may go to the mall.

-Tomorrow I may not cook at the end of the day.

(polite request) ? May I make my nails?

WOULD - (...ria) (conditional)

+If I had more time, I would walk in the park.

-I wouldn't eat capybara.

? Would you go to the cinema.

MUST (devo, tenho que) obligation

+I must wake up at 6am.

-I mustn't forget to close my door every day, sometimes I leave the door open.

? Must I have homework today?

MODALS PERFECT
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?             

TENSES REVIEW

Part III

MODALS

LISTENING

this week is colder

I don't know why

9th grade

5th - fifth /fif

nineth

eleventh

twelfth grade

close to my home is the ninth avenue

sixteenth

Every/Each one has its particularities

I spent more in Jundiaí than Toronto.

I called Amazon customer service

I came back to the office

she didn't fix my problem

My problem wasn't fixed. (cannot change)

My problem hasn't been fixed. (can change)

I have an appointment

dead flowers

You need (you have the option)

You must (you don't have the option)

What's your favorite cosine?

weight lift

swimming (swim - swam - swum)

Is there any place to swim there?

(curfew - the time a teenager MUST be at home)

What's her curfew?

half past 11.

I picked her up at the friend's home.

one point 2 million (1.2mi)

I took a train

The traffic is chaotic!

I drank whiskey

Have you ever received a fine/ticket?

Has he received a ticket?

Have you ever had to take the car to to be serviced (in the dealer)

service (maintenance)

under service (esta em manutencao)

not in service (not working)

The stop sign /sain/

license plate (placa) - DE - INA BR - JV

the signal /see gnal/

CAN (ability)

I can cook

I can't paint my home.

Can you play a song?

COULD (options) (poderia)

Tomorrow I could make my nails.

I couldn't run on the street.

(polite requesting) Could you make a drink?

SHOULD (advice) (deveria)

I should practice more exercise, I walk 10km per day.

You should swim, it's a great exercise.

You should eat avocado as a night snack.

You should be at home before 9pm!

I shouldn't eat before sleeping (going to my bed)

You shouldn't sleep so late!

Should I read more? Yes, you should.

What time should I pick you up? half past 11.

WOULD (verb+ria, andaria, faria, compraria, gostaria, amaria)

(conditional)

If I had money, I would visit my parents.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a house here.

If I won the lottery, I wouldn't tell anybody.

If you won the lottery, where would you travel first?

and would you invest in what?

I'd invest in Real Estate (property)

I would never eat capybara.

(mesmo se) even if I had money, I would never travel to India.

MIGHT (talvez) (possibility/probability) (less sure - 40/60)

Tomorrow I might sleep more.

I might not cook tomorrow.

(uncommon) Might you order Chinese tomorrow?

MAY (talvez)  (possibility/probability) (50/50)

I may like volleyball.

I may not go downtown. I went downtown last Saturday.

(very polite request) May I use your toilet?

MUST (have to = dever) (obligation)

I must have dinner every day.

I mustn't forget to take my gift card to the dental office.

When you're driving there, must you wear the seatbelt?

Must you have insurance?

250 biweekly /by-weekly/

PRESENT - FUTURE

CAN = ability  (posso, poder)

I can drive. I can't speak Chinese. Can you cook trout?

COULD = options (poderia)

Tomorrow I could eat pizza.

SHOULD = advice (deveria)

I should eat less salt.

I shouldn't eat too much.

MAY / MIGHT = possibility, probability (talvez...)

I may go to downtown tomorrow.

(eu talvez vá... )

I may make my eyebrows.

On the weekend I may not walk outside, because I will walk inside.

(eu talvez nao ande... )

WOULD = conditional (...ria) 

I would walk (andaria) I would buy (compraria) - I would be (eu seria, eu estaria)

I would like to sleep all day.

I wouldn't travel to India.

MUST = Obligation (have to) - eu tenho que, eu devo

I must wake up everyday at 6am.

I must remember to buy green leaves.

I mustn't forget to buy eggs and dairy.

Goat cheese - goal (objective, targets)

Goats love oats.

You must work harder (você tem que se esforçar mais)

------------------------------------------ PAST

MODALS PERFECT

MODAL + HAVE + V3

PAST OPTION - that you didn't take

I could have eaten less.

Eu poderia ter comido menos.

(REGRET - arrependimento)

I should have slept more.

Eu deveria ter dormido mais.

(POSSIBILITY)

I may have lost my wallet in the bus.

Eu talvez tenha perdido a minha carteira no ônibus.

(CONDITION - PAST)

I would have brought cheese from Minas if I knew...

Eu teria trazido queijo de Minas se eu soubesse...

I must have made a mistake. (DEDUCTION - Logical conclusion)

Eu devo ter cometido um erro

John is late for work, He must have lost the train.

John está atrasado para o trabalho, ele deve ter perdido o trem.

CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

PAST (INVERTED ORDER)

COULD

Eu poderia ter atravessado a rua na faixa de pedestres.

I could have cross_ed the street on the side walk (cross walk)

I could've crossed /crost/

(forget - forgot - V3 = forgotten)

Eu não poderia ter esquecido a janela aberta!

I couldn't have forgotten the window open!

Voce poderia ter me ligado antes?

Could you have call_ed me before?

SHOULD (regrets)

Eu deveria ter me esforçado mais. (work)

I should have work_ed more (harder).

I should've worked harder.

Eu nao deveria ter dormido a tarde.

I shouldn't have slept in the afternoon.

Today Isabela didn't sleep in the afternoon. She went to make her nails. (she went to get her nails done.)

Where did you get your nails done?

(make - made - made)

Você deveria ter feito tanta comido?

Should you have made so much food?

MAY - MIGHT

(choose - chose - V3 = chosen)

Eu talvez tenha escolhido mal o meu curso.

I may have chosen badly my course/class.

Eu talvez não tenha prestado atenção às aulas.

I might not have paid attention to the classes.

(am/is/are - was/were - V3 = been)

Voce talvez tenha sido um pouco grosso?

May you have been a little rude?

rude - impolite

hood (capuz, capota)

hoodie

WOULD (conditional)

(Cut - cut - cut)

Eu teria cortado as minhas unhas sozinha se o salão estivesse fechado.

I would have cut my nails by myself (alone) if the saloon was closed.

I have always cut my nails by myself.

alone = (without other people)

by myself (sozinho, sem ajuda)

I would've cut...

Se eu nao tivesse mudado para o Canadá, Eu não teria ficado tanto tempo sem ver meus pais.

If I hadn't moved to Canada, I wouldn't have stay_ed so long without seeing my parents.

Se você não tivesse mudado para o Canadá,

voce teria tentado aprender patinar no gelo?

If you hadn't mov_ed to Canada,

Would you have tri_ed to learn ice skating?

Se você não tivesse mudado para o Canadá,

voce estaria estudando Ingles?

If you hadn't mov_ed to Canada,

would you be learning English?

Have you tried to skate on the street? (roller blade)

MUST (deduction, logical conclusion)

(speak - spoke - spoken)

Eu devo ter falado besteira.

I must have spoken the wrong thing. bullshit.

I must've spoken....

Eu não devo ter causado uma impressão.

I mustn't have caused a good impression.

Você deve ter feito muito dinheiro?

Must you have made much money?

Tongue twister (trava lingua)

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

She sells seashells by the seashore.

Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter to make the bitter butter better.

LISTEN ONCE - no subtitles

CHECK

RECAP MODAL PERFECT

LISTEN AGAIN

I regret not spending time with my father.

I regret not travelling more

I regret not learning English before

I regret not having a big family

to regret (se arrepender)

mean girl (má)

grades (nota)

not + verb

to piss away (desperdicar) I pissed away all my money.

gap year (1 year working before University)

at least - (pelo menos)

I need at least 1h to wake up.

frightened  - (very afraid) (really scared)

ripple effect (efeito dominó)

let me down (to disappoint)

a novel (romance - books)

file for (dar entrada em documento)

He filed for divorce - He filed a lawsuit (em um processo)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8i6rUL4UIY

 Verb - BE

 Noun - 

PRESENT SIMPLE
ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
 +
 -
 ?
 
PRESENT CONTINOUS
(BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY - 

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)+++ FUTURE WORD) = 100% sure
 (I AM BEING – I AM NOT BEING – AM I BEING?)

+
 -
 ?

FUTURE – WILL
(Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

 (I WILL BE - I WON'T BE - WILL I BE?)

+
 -
 ?
 
FUTURE – BE GOING TO
(Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

 (I AM GOING TO BE - I AM NOT GOING TO BE – AM I GOING TO BE?)

+
 -
 ?
 

PAST SIMPLE – (V2 - DID)

SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE
(I WAS – I WASN'T – WAS I?) (WE WERE – WE WEREN’T – WERE WE?)
+
-
?

PRESENT PERFECT
HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE BEEN - I HAVEN'T BEEN - HAVE I BEEN?) 

+
 -
 ?

 
MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL

 (I CAN BE - I CAN'T BE - CAN I BE) (I MAY BE – I MAY NOT BE – MAY I BE?)

+
 -
 ?

Verb - BE (ser/estar)

Noun - 

PRESENT SIMPLE
ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
 + I am tired.
 - I am not hungry.
 ? Are you sleepy? Not at the moment.
 
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY - 

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)+++ FUTURE WORD) = 100% sure
 (I AM BEING – I AM NOT BEING – AM I BEING?)

+ I am being mean

(eu estou sendo)

+I am being fooled by Amazon!

(eu estou sendo enganada pela Amazon!)
 - I am not being rational.
 ? Are you being well treated?

FUTURE – WILL
(Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

 (I WILL BE - I WON'T BE - WILL I BE?)

+ I will be next Saturday at home.
 - I won't be fooled! (eu nao vou ser enganada!)
 ? What time Will you be at home? Remember your curfew!
 
FUTURE – BE GOING TO
(Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

 (I AM GOING TO BE - I AM NOT GOING TO BE – AM I GOING TO BE?)

+I am going to be at the pub next Friday.
 -I am not going to be available tomorrow.
 ? Are you going to be available tomorrow from 9 to 11am?
 

PAST SIMPLE – (V2 - DID)

SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE
(I WAS – I WASN'T – WAS I?) (WE WERE – WE WEREN’T – WERE WE?)
+ Yesterday I was in the cinema.
- Last weekend I wasn't driving.
? Where were you today at 1pm? I was inside a bus coming home. There was a lot of empty seats.

PRESENT PERFECT
HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE - EXPERIENCE)

(I HAVE BEEN - I HAVEN'T BEEN - HAVE I BEEN?) 

+I have been to the beach.

(eu já fui/estive)
- I haven't been to the desert.
? Have you been to the desert?

 
MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL

 (I CAN BE - I CAN'T BE - CAN I BE) (I MAY BE – I MAY NOT BE – MAY I BE?)

+I can be at your office later.

(eu posso ser/estar)
 - I can be there on time. (eu nao posso chegar a tempo)
 ? Can you be more specific?

I would be (eu estaria/seria)

I must be (eu devo ser/estar)

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE

SMALL WORDS (+er)

SP is hotter than Toronto.

Toronto isn't bigger than SP.

Is subway faster than bus?

smaller

longer

colder

cheaper

BIG WORDS (3 or more syllables) (more....)

Is Canada more expensive than Brazil to buy food?

more amazing than

Is Toronto more interesting than BH?

I am not more intelligent than him.

SP is more dangerous than Toronto.

I spend more in SP to buy food than I spent in London.

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES 

good - better

bad - worse - The traffic is worse than SP

far - farther (more distant than)

worst (superlative)

TENSES REVIEW

Part III

MODALS PERFECT

LISTENING

I need to be more confident

My uncle passed away.

Oh, I'm so sorry for you loss.

SHORT WORDS (adjectives) 
QUALIFY comparison - 
(small difference ----- medium ----- big difference)
A LITTLE/A BIT         SLIGHTLY       MUCH/EXTREMELY

big - My street is A LITTLE/SLIGHTLY/MUCH bigger than yours. (a sua) 900m - 9582

long - Your street isn't longer than mine.

short - My hair is EXTREMELY shorter than Isabela's. (hair)

Isabela's hair is shorter than mine. (do que o meu)

Isabela's hair is shorter than Ína's. (hair)

cold - I'm feeling MUCH colder than José.

(?) hot - Is there hotter than here?

Aí está mais quente do que aqui? Yes, it is, much hotter.

slow - In Canada, Do you have to drive slower than in SP?

Yes, I have to. (Yes, I do)

Mosquitos in Canada are slower than in Brazil.

In Brazil mosquitos are quicker. (faster)

(small difference ----- medium ----- big difference)
A LITTLE/A BIT         SLIGHTLY       MUCH/EXTREMELY

LONG WORDS - (portuguese) more... (less)

expensive - IS Canada more expensive than Brazil?

No, it isn't. It is slightly less expensive than Brazil.

intelligent - Are Dogs more intelligent than cats?

annoying - Are mosquitos more annoying than flies?

(pernilongo) (moscas)

interesting -

In your opinion, Are books more interesting than movies?

Do you think... books more interesting than movies? (se voce acha)

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES 

Good - Is fish better than meat?

Bad - Is Canadian good worse than Brazilian? (pior)

Far - (more distant) Is Isabela's school farther than Jose's work?

Isabela's school is MUCH closer than Jose's work.

(a escola da...) (o trabalho do...)

*** Tv Series - Afterlife (Apple tv, Netflix)

One of the most beautiful series I have ever watched.

This song annoys me.

(me irrita)

(annoying - adjective) irritante

SHORT WORDS +est

(o mais velho)

old - I am not the oldest son. I have an older sister.

clean - Is Toronto the cleanest city you have ever visited?

Toronto é a cidade mais limpa que você já visitou.

slow - He is the slowest employee in the company.

Ele é o funcionário mais devagar na empresa.

cold - What is the coldest temperature you have ever felt there? -33.C (but it's possible to change)

hot - What is the hottest place you have ever visited?

LONG WORDS (the most)

expensive - What is the most expensive restaurant you have eaten in Canada?

intelligent - Who is the most intelligent person you've met?

Quem é a pessoa mais inteligente que você já conheceu?

My father was ONE OF THE most intelligent people I've ever met. And one of the laziest people I've ever met.

boring - What's the most boring movie you've watched?

Qual o filme mais entediante que você já assistiu?

interesting - What's the most interesting movie you've watched? Pulp Fiction. (Tim Roth)

Rozencrantz and Guilderstern are dead. (Hamlet)

He is the most annoying guy in the city.

important - What's the most important thing in your life right now? One of the most important things in my life is to learn English.

IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVES

Good (better than) - the best

What's the best band in the world? Pink Floyd.

Bad (worse than) - the worst

What's the worst country you have visited? (it can change)

Ecuador

Far (farther than) - farthest (the most distant)

What's the farthest you have travelled in Canada from your home? 200km (can change)

xenophobic

xylophone

x /ze/

I joke with father... (make fun...)

I - mine

She - hers.

He - his.

It - its.

You - yours.

They - theirs.

We - ours.

SUBJECT PRONOUN

(pronoun) VERB (pronoun)

I like her.

She likes me.

They like you.

You like them.

He likes us.

We like him.

SP é tão quente quanto Belo Horizonte.

SP is as hot as BH.

A comida brasileira é tão boa quanto a japonesa.

Brazilian food is as good as Japanese.

Netflix nao é tao boa quanto Apple tv.

Netflix isn't as good as Apple tv.

Futebol é tão irritante quanto basquete?

Is football as annoying as basketball? Both are annoying.

Is José as tall as Isabela? Yes, he is.

Isabela has my height. (altura) /hait/

Is McDonald's as tasty as Burger King?

I think so.

Switzerland is the most beautiful country I've ever visited.

Switzerland is one of the most expensive countries I've ever visited.

Norway is the most expensive country I've ever visited.

What is the best restaurant you've eaten in Canada?

I ate at Folco's and Il postino (the postman)

What did you eat in Il Postino?

I ate one pasta with salmon.

farming salmon. (aquaculture)

COMPARATIVES

longer than

SP is hotter than Toronto.

more expensive than

Is Toronto more expensive than Montreal?

SUPERLATIVES

the longest

This has been one of the hottest months in SP. (this can change)

Este tem sido...

Canada has the longest street in the world. Younge.

the most expensive

the least expensive

What's the least expensive supermarket in Canada?

The least expensive supermarket in Canada is No Frills.

SIMILAR

as long as (tao... longo... quanto)

as expensive as (tao caro quanto)

SP isn't as beautiful as Toronto.

Is Canadian television as good as Brazilian?

+

-

?

Globo Customer Service

to subscribe (assinar)

Do you subscribe Netflix?

MODALS PERFECT

LISTENING

recap SUPERLATIVES + PERFECT

I haven't watched television today yet.

yesterday I didn't watch tv.

I never lived in SP.

I've never lived in SP. (possible to change)

CAUSATIVES

CAUSE somebody to do something

HAVE - GET - LET - MAKE

ASK/PAY

• (we are NOT doing the action)

GIVE THE RESPONSIBILITY/ASSIGN/DESIGNATE/PAY

HAVE + PERSON + VERB

• I will have Jose clean the kitchen.

• I will have my secretary call you.

• I had John fix my car.  

• I had my nails done.

• Where did you have your nails done?

• I had my hair done.

• Where did you have your hair done?

• (routine) Do you have your nails done?

• No, I do it myself.

• Have you had your nails done there?

• Beauty parlour, beauty saloons,

HAVE a person DO something for us.

I can't have my neighbor to clean his sidewalk.

CONVINCE
GET + person + to + VERB

• I got Jose to clean the kitchen.

• I will get Jose to make dinner.

• I may get John to finish the job.

Maybe I can convince John to finish the job.

• I can't get my daughter to not sleep after the class.

• I can't get my husband to make exercise.

• I got my mother to exercise more.

• How did you get Mary to work late?

  Como você convenceu Mary trabalhar até tarde?

• I didn't get Carrefour to give me a discount.

ALLOW / PERMIT (give the permission)
LET + PERSON/THING + VERB 

let - let - let (3)

• Yesterday I let my brother use my car. (deixei)

• I didn't let my sister use my car. (nao deixei)

• I don't let my brother use my car.

• I never let my daughter use my purse.  

• Did you let your daughter sleep yesterday in the afternoon? No, I didn't.

• Tuesdays I can't let she sleeps after school.

• Do you let the cat sleep in your bed?

• Who let the cat's out?

Flex time

FORCE Or Require Someone To Take An Action

MAKE + PERSON + VERB 

• I made John clean his room.  

• I made my daughter clean her bathroom.  

• I can't make the employees work overtime. I can ask but I can't make them!

• I would like to make Isabela clean her clothes.

• I made her change the bedsheets.

I HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

I HAD (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I GOT (convince) MARY to PAY

I LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I MADE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

I will HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I will GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I will LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I will MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

I can HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I can GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I can LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I can MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

MODALS

I can LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu posso deixar)

I could LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu poderia deixar)

I should LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deveria deixar)

I must LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu tenho que deixar)

I may/might LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu talvez deixe)

I would LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deixaria)

I would ONLY let Isabela travel alone if she was 18 years old.

(Eu só deixaria ela viajar sozinha....)

I HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

MODALS

+I can get Mary to come earlier.

-I can't get Mary to come earlier.

? Can I get Mary to come earlier?

I can LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu posso deixar)

I could LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu poderia deixar)

I should LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deveria deixar)

I must LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu tenho que deixar)

I may/might LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu talvez deixe)

I would LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deixaria)

Would you let Isabela sleep in her friend's house?

Yes, I would.

I can't GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu posso concencer)

I could GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu poderia convencer)

I should GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu deveria convencer)

I must GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu tenho que convencer)

I may/might GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu talvez convenca)

I would GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu convenceria)

------ THERE + MODAL + BE

There is a bakery in my street. (tem, existe, há)

There SHOULD be a bakery in my street.
(deveria ter)

Tem uma pessoa parada na frente da minha casa.

There is a person stopped in front of my house.

There CAN be a mistake in my bill.

(pode ter) um erro...

There COULD be more Brazilian supermarket in my neighborhood.

(poderia ter)

There SHOULD be less traffic on Mondays.

(deveria ter)

Deveria ter alguém aqui para me ajudar!

There should be someone here to help me!

There MAY/MIGHT be some noise tomorrow because of the renovations.

(talvez tenha)

Talvez tenha feijoada no sábado!

There might be feijoada Saturday!

There WOULD be more happy people if people received more money.

(teria) mais...

There MUST be a mistake! I don't buy these things, there must be a mistake.

(deve ter = deduction)

Deve ter alguém tentando me ligar.

There must be someone trying to call me.

Amazon didn't deliver my order, there must be an error in my address.

MODALS PERFECT

LISTENING

recap SUPERLATIVES + PERFECT

I gave up eating gluten

ANY VERB AFTER A PREPOSITION, WE USE THE GERUND (-ing)

After baking the cake...

Before serving the fish...

I'm good at cooking everything!

I'm bad at preparing sweets, candies, desserts.

Milk pudim

elbow (cotovelo)

I can't make a fist

I won't try again, it can happen again.

What could be your options in terms of a course to take?

I'm looking for a book club.

What denomination is the church?

Baptist Church (Grace)

Do you enjoy the services? (missa)

I have never been. (you can go someday)

70%

I never cheated (colar, trapacear)

I felt so guilty. I gave up cheating.

I cheated. I wrote 'Glue'

• COULD + HAVE + V3

Eu poderia ter comido uma salada mais cedo

I could have eaten a salad earlier.

Ontem eu não poderia ter esquecido de pagar a conta.

Yesterday I couldn't have forgotten to pay the bill.

Você poderia ter me ligado ontem?

Could you have called me yesterday?

• SHOULD + HAVE + V3 (Regrets)

Eu deveria ter dormido mais no final de semana.

I should've slept more on the weekend.

Eu não deveria ter bebido no domingo a noite.

I shouldn't have drunk Sunday night.

a friend's friend.

I didn't get lost (se perder, ficar perdido)

It's very confusing -

The house was built in 1910 - 114 years old.

3.5 million dollars in 1910.

• WOULD + HAVE + V3 (conditional)

Eu teria chegado mais cedo se o onibus nao tivesse quebrado.

I would have arrived earlier if the bus hadn't broken.

Eu nao teria ido a Casa Loma sozinha mas a minha amiga me convidou.

I wouldn't have gone to Casa Lama alone but my friend asked me/invited me.

• MUST + HAVE + V3 (deduction)

Eu devo ter feito alguma coisa errada.

I must have done something wrong.

Ele não deve ter sido avisado da reunião.

He mustn't have been warned about the meeting.

• MAY/MIGHT + HAVE + V3 (possibility in the past)

Eu talvez tenha quebrado meu braço quando eu caí.

I may have broken my arm when I fell.

Eu talvez não tenha cozinhado o peru perfeitamente.

I might not have cooked the turkey perfectly.

Everyone brings their own dessert.

MODALS PERFECT RECAP

LISTENING

recap SUPERLATIVES + PERFECT

niece /nee-ci/

he hasn't answered me (but he will)

I was waiting for a bus

the bus had a problem

I had to go Isabela's council meeting

The principal showed us the school's rules

PTA meeting (parent, teachers association)

To attend a meeting (participate)

The agenda of the meeting (the topics)

5 to 6pm

I haven't finished yet

I can't stretch my arm (esticar)

It's purple (bruised)

Do you sleep on your side or belly up?

• Describing an issue - What happened?

I fell on the ice floor - How did you fall?

I was practicing ice-skating.

How long has it been? Two weeks ago.

Have you taken any medicine/drug?

Not anymore. I took for 2 days.

a painkiller (Dorflex)

Have you broken your arm? Yes, I broke it in 2011.

• Complaining about a past situation

I hate the AC here. When I went to...

I needed to carry my jacket all the seasons

The heating is turned on just in the end of...

Buy Something - Is not working 
-> Jacket 

I need to return my jacket. I need to change the size small to size medium.

A refund - a credit in my card.

I arrived

I am not going to have class anymore. Because I fell and I hurt myself.

I got my refund/money back.

May I see your receipt, please? (re-cit)

receipts /recits/

I throw in the trash.

receita (de bolo) - recipe /RÉ-cipe/

receita (de médico) - prescription

recibo - receipts /recits/

Have you tried to cook something with a recipe in English?

pancakes

https://www.muxtonprimary.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Activity-1.pdf

1 ounce = 30g

1 pound = 450g

the scale (balanca)

pesar (to weigh) /way/

peso (the weight) /wait/

I go to weigh myself

I divide by two

my weight is...

1 foot = 30cm

1 foot - 2 feet

1 tooth - 2 teeth

1 child - 2 children

1 woman - 2 women

1 man - 2 men

1 mouse - 2 mice

1 person - 2 people

persons (legal English)

16 10 - 30 10

Review

Everything we have seen so far.

always – frequently - sometimes – often – rarely – every day – seldom - never -
+ I always eat salad.

- Sometimes I don't walk in the park.

? How often do you buy meat? Maybe once a month.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Temporary - Happening around now

now – at the moment – right now -  *next week - nowadays - currently
+ Now I am studying English.

-At the moment I'm not sleeping.

? Are you drinking tea right now?

FUTURE – WILL - INTENTION - PREDICTION - NEW DECISION

tomorrow – later – soon – after – in December...
+ Tomorrow I will drink a beer.

-On the weekend I won't do the laundry.

? What will you do on the weekend?

FUTURE – BE GOING TO + VERB - PLAN - PREDICTION WITH EVIDENCE

soon – when I... - tonight – tomorrow – next...
+ (next) Saturday I am going to go to the mall.

-Later it's not going to rain.

? When are you going to go to the cinema?      

PAST SIMPLE - FINISHED - we know WHEN (V2)

yesterday – last week... - ago – in 2018... - before...
+ Yesterday I went to the meeting at the school.

-Last week I didn't sleep very well.

? Did you buy my new cellphone?                      

PRESENT PERFECT - NOT FINISHED - Have a connection with the present - Experiences (have + V3)

just – since – for – already – never – ever – yet – so far – recently – lately - still
+ Since I moved to Canada, I have visited 5 cities.

-I haven't been to Montreal yet. (this can change)

? Have you been to Montreal? (an experience)    

+So far I have read one book in English.

-I haven't V3 gone to the theater.

? Have you seen the last Joker?

No, I didn't. (nao vi, nao vou ver)

I have seen the Whale, have you seen it?                  

No, I haven't yet. (nao vi, mas quero ver)

The best movie I've seen in a long time!

PERFECT CONTINUOUS 
eu tenho feito... eu nao tenho tido... 
eu ando pensando... eu não ando dormindo bem... 
HAVE + BEEN + verb ING.

Lately – since – for – so far – recently – all day -
+ Lately I have been eating more.

Ultimamente eu tenho comido mais.

-Recently, I haven't been sleeping very well.

? What have you been watching lately?

I watched Afterlife. (over)

I have been watching Afterlife. (not over)

I have been trying to see many tv shows.

I have been watching The Voice, I prefer the beginning of the season.

? What have you been doing?                       

I have been studying English, trying to read a book.

MODALS 
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?                       

MODALS PERFECT 
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?                     

we CAUSE SOMEBODY to DO SOMETHING

We DON'T DO the action.

I will cut my hair.

I will have my hair cut.

I got my nails done.

HAVE - GET - MAKE - LET

verb + SOMEBODY + action

HAVE (ask, designate, assign, pay) (more formal)

I will have Zé buy cheese for me.

I had John clean my room. (polite)

MAKE (mandar, fazer) (message is stronger)

I made John clean my room. (an order)

I made have Zé buy cheese for me.

GET (to convince)  (less formal)

I got John to clean my room. (eu convenci...)

I will get Zé to bring me hamburger.

I can't get my mother to exercise.

(eu nao consigo convencer)

I can't get my family to do the laundry. He's a lost case.

How can you get Zé to do his laundry?

LET (permit, allow)  (deixar)

I don't let anyone drive my car.

Eu nao deixo

I don't let anyone use my credit card.

I don't let anyone use my name to buy anything.

Do you let Isabela travel by herself? (sozinha) Yes, I do.

I didn't let she go to the party.

Eu nao deixei ela ir na festa.

I didn't even think about talking with Zé...

(eu nem pensei)

Who's the bad cop and good cop there?

Some months ago I let her go a party nearby.

(uns meses atras) (eu deixei ela ir) (aqui perto)

I lived alone when I was younger, so I think it's easier for me

I lived alone when I was 18

more likely (mais provavel)

She's going to study law.

She will be a lawyer.

Godfather

Do you let me correct you?

Voce deixa eu te corrigir?

I can drive.

I can't ice-skate.

Can you buy a drink for me?

COULD - ability in the past, polite request (podia, poderia)

Could you make a pasta?

When I was a child, I could eat a lot without worrying.

I couldn't swim when I was child, I was very afraid of drowning.

SHOULD - advice - light obligation (deveria)

I should clean my closet.

I should tidy up my closet (organize)

I'm very tidy.

I shouldn't spend my time in the social media.

Should I watch more Canadian channels?

WOULD -

MAY

MIGHT

MUST

crazy -

I am crazier than you.

Toronto is colder than SP.

cheap

BH is cheaper than SP.

cheap = low quality

Ottawa is colder. (than Toronto)

old - I'm older than my brothers.

siblings (men or women)

second younger, two older and one younger.

I loved to give orders.

IRREGULAR

good - better

bad - worse - It's worse when there is a big age difference.

BIG WORDS (3 syllables)

expensive

intelligent

amazing

SP is MUCH more expensive than BH.

SP is a little more expensive than BH.

BH is not more expensive than SP.

Is Toronto more expensive than BH?

BH is LESS expensive than SP.

3-5 letters

SIMILAR (tao ______ quanto) as ___ADJECTIVE___ as

Toronto is as cold as Ottawa.

Cheese is as delicious as salami.

Farm chicken is not as good as normal chicken.

(nao é tao boa quanto)

AM is not as good as Cruzeiro.

AM nao é tao bom quanto Cruzeiro.

L1 interference (linguistics)

Ricardo - he

Ricky - RI

Hickey -

I had never met her before.

Does she take after you or Zé?

She takes after me.

She speaks as well as a Canadian. (tao bem quanto)

I think she'll go well

The English - her score is bigger than 90 (higher)

he is bald

SUMMARIZE

Campinas é mais quente que Porto Alegre

Campinas is hotter than PoA

Pulp Fiction nao é mais longo que Titanic

Pulp Fiction is not longer than Titanic

Iphone é mais caro que Motorola.

Iphone is more expensive than Motorola.

Iphone é tao caro quanto Samsung.

Iphone___ is___ as___ expensive___ as____ Samsung.

Iphone's asexpensive__as Samsung.

Eu estou tao cansado quanto voce.

I'mastired as you.

Banana no Canada nao é tao deliciosa quanto no Brazil.

Banana in Canada isn't as delicious as in Brazil.

Banana from Thailand is both more expensive and delicious.

half a dozen is 7 dollars.

It's not cheap

it's a fair price (preco justo)

the price of nuts here is lower than SP.

the price of nuts here is low. /lou/

loud (volume alto)

People speak louder than usual.

out of nowhere (do nada)

he ran into a friend

meet (encontrar - programada)

run into (encontrar por acaso)

I ran into my cousin last week.

I met my cousin last week.

swear words (palavrao)

she tripped (tropecou)

Zé and I were in the grocery store

FALSE FRIENDS (falso cognatos)

Pretend you don't understand

(fingir)

Pretender = to intend

I intend to take some vacations in the end of the year.

eu pretendo.

She pretended to be my friend.

Ela fingiu ser minha amiga.

(tem, há, existe) THERE + BE

I have a car.

There is a car on the street. (tem um carro na rua)

There are many cars on my the street. (tem varios...)

In my street, there isn't any pothole (buraco na pista)

In your street, is there any pothole?

Yes, there are many.

Are there many Brazilians around there?

Tem muitos brasileiros por aí? Yes, there are many.

PAST

(tinha, havia, existia)

There was a car on the street. (tinha um carro...) (singular)

There were many people in the park (plural) (tinham muitas pessoas no parque)

Last weekend, there wasn't any sun.

Was there any sun last weekend in SP? Yes, there was a little.

FUTURE WILL

(terá, haverá, existirá)

There will be an event in Toronto next week. (vai ter...)

There will be many people in the event.

There won't be any gravy in Ina's Christmas dinner.

Will there be any turkey in your Christmas dinner?

No, there won't be any.

What will there be for dessert? There will be milk pudin.

(O que vai ter para sobremesa?)

She will study tomorrow OR She is going to study tomorrow.

There is going to be an event in Toronto next week.

(Vai ter um evento...)

There isn't going to be any gravy in Ína's party.

Is there going to be any alcohol in your party?

PERFECT -> THERE HAS BEEN, THERE HAVE BEEN

(something that started in the past - but they are still happening)

(tem tido, tem havido...)

There has been a car in front of my house since 7am. (singular)

There have been 2 cars in front of my house since 7am. (plural)

Tem havido muitas reclamacoes sobre buracos na rua.

There have been many complaints about holes.

Nao tem tido muito sol por aqui ultimamente.

There hasn't been much sun around here lately.

Tem tido muitos eventos na sua cidade?

Have there been many events in your city? Yes, there have been a lot of events.

MODALS THERE + MODALS + BE

Deveria ter mais sol aqui.

There should be more sun here.

Poderia ter menos carros na rua.

There could be less/fewer cars on the street.

Pode ter alguma coisa errada na conta.

There can be something wrong in the bill.

Deve ter muito brazileiro por aí. (deduction)

There must be a lot of Brazilians around there.

Talvez tenha gente que nao goste de comida brasileira.

There may/might be people who don't like Brazilian food.

kale

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTmixSgeOI0

• PREVIEW

WATCH

PAUSE

CHECK

COMMENT

a set of things

he has been in Sweden for 2 years and hasn't seen the Northern lights

I took from my home

Mental health

anxious (adjective) I'm anxious /ank - xious/

(noun) anxiety - Let's talk about anxiety. /anks - zaieti/

I had to present myself

She's 15 (years old)

/tea - tcher/

10min with each teacher

intélligent

She doesn't like maths.

10th (tenth grade)

The day before yesterday (anteontem)

The day after tomorrow (depois de amanha)

a novel (um romance)

Isabela gave it to me.

The Devil to pay in the Backlands

Guimarães Rosa

always – frequently - sometimes – often – rarely – every day – seldom - never - once, twice
+

-

?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Temporary - Happening around now

now – at the moment – right now -  *next week - nowadays - currently
+

-

? 

FUTURE– WILL - INTENTION - PREDICTION 

tomorrow – later – soon – after – in December...
+

-

?

FUTURE – BE GOING TO - PLAN - PREDICTION WITH EVIDENCE

soon – when I... - tonight – tomorrow – next...
+

-

?      

PAST SIMPLE 

yesterday – last week... - ago – in 2018... - before...
+

-

?                       

PRESENT PERFECT

just – since – for – already – never – ever – yet – so far – recently – lately - still
+

-

?                       

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Lately – since – for – so far – recently – all day -
+

-

?                        

MODALS 
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?                       

MODALS PERFECT 
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?                     

pork

fish

chicken

beef (cattle)

today I ate chicken

I will do the laundry (lavar a roupa)

I will do the dishes (lavar os pratos)

I will do the grocery (fazer as compras)

I am going to Bahia.

I am going to go to Bahia.

(Future BE GOING TO = plan)

I am going to the cinema (100% confirmed)

I am going to go to the cinema (plan)

I am buying a new stove. (Present Continuous = to talk about the future when we are 100% sure)

I am going to buy a new stove (plan)

I will buy a new stove. (intention)

interest rate (taxa de juros)

(noun - coceira) an itch

'worse than an itch you can't scratch'

do they trick or treat there? (kids)

to trick or treat

I bought the costume for her

Today's the hottest in the last 50 years.

it's indifferent

jack o'lantern

she's not trustworthy (confiável)

reliable (someone you can trust)

I'm very reliable

the technician

push the button

my glasses

she referred me to a specialist

(to refer)

a referral (noun)

to prescribe

a prescription (receita de médico)

a family doctor

she's a doctor

I didn't pay anything

DOUBLE NEGATIVE

She doesn't go to the dermatologist

vitamin D /vai-tamin/ is low

lower (comparative)

They didn't call me about the result.

They haven't called me about the result YET.

I want to eat Fandangos

I feel like Fandangos (to com vontade de...)

and then he will see HIS parents

papelao - cardboard

fire drill

eu tenho até um exemplo

I have EVEN an example

Yesterday I even ate a banana.

eu até comi uma banana

Eu até tentei, mas...

I even tried, but...

slept

the speakers (tannoy)

we went down 16 floor by stairs desperate

(a flight of stairs)

I didn't go

by bus I have never tried.

It's at night.

It's not dangerous.

She's 59

She has lived in Canada since (she was) 15.

I tried to volunteer

to volunteer - VERB

I went to her home

the hymns

her husband

she needs to take care of him.

PRONOUNS EXERCISE

Parish (paróquia)

denominations - Orthodox, Anglican, Presbyterian, Lutheran, 7 days, Mormons...

Ze, Isabela and I went to...

sardine, corn, olives, peas, carrots, palm of the heart, pepper, mayo

Cook the pasta

raw? cru

two big cans of sardine.

a can - a lata

for her friend

I'm craving coxinhas (morrendo de vontade de comer coxinha)

to crave (something you really want)

The blue house is MINE. (after the verb)

he - his

His car is black.

The black is his. (dele)

she - her

Her dress is yellow.

The yellow dress is hers. (dela)

it - its (daquela coisa)

Toronto is a beautiful city, os seus habitantes são felizes.

Toronto is a beautiful city, its inhabitants are happy.

you - your

Your house is big.

The big house is yours (sua)

they - their

Their street is dirt.

The dirt street theirs.

we - our

Our condo is big.

The big condo is ours.

to heal (curar)

has your arm healed?

Yesterday the temperature was high

It's raining cats and dogs

I opened the blinders

bought /bót/

people talk loud

one hour and 10 minutes away

only every once and a while (só de vez em quando)

We went to a Brazilian bar

The bar owner (the owner of the bar)

The guy is 70 (years old)

He has lived here since 1979

he fell in love

When I arrived home. I will go home now. (no need for preposition)

sausage

Make you speak

full classes 10 students

50 min of explanation

10 min of Free Practice (speaking)

Communicative Approach

10 min of explanation

50 min of speaking

one hour and a half

16 10 - 30 10

Review

Everything we have seen so far.

it was so windy

last weekend I did nothing

it's forbidden (proibido)

to forbid - forbade - forbidden

Firefighter annual inspection

the siren turns on

November 30th - thirtieth

I haven't thought about it yet.

gravy -

• Roast beef or ham 

• Pumpkin or apple pie 

• Raisin pudding, Christmas pudding, or fruitcake 

• Eggnog, a milk-based punch that's often infused with alcohol 

• Christmas cookies, butter tarts, and shortbread 

• Tourtière, a meat pie that's especially popular in Quebec 

• French Canadian Christmas cake 

• Buche de Noel 

• Nanaimo Bars

to celebrate

the celebration

1 person - 2 people

Mulled Drinks (wine) - vinho quente (quentao)

the dough (a massa)

do you prepare dough yourself?

I'm so showy (exibida)

The coldest days the sun is clear in the sky.

You can buy with scalpers (cambista)

We are planning to go there.

Review

LISTENING

cashier

I had an interview by phone

schools in the neighborhood

I'll have the holidays off - winter break off

summer off

job offer in the newspaper

I haven't told my parents yet

(eu ainda nao falei)

whenever you can, call me. (doesn't matter when)

whoever (doesn't matter who)

whatever (doesn't matter what)

wherever (doesn't matter where)

2% cashback

negotiation with the Union (sindicato)

liquor aisle (corridor)

I don't know anyone who smokes cigarettes here

a chain smoker

there were two policewomen to strip search the teenagers

the principal office

once (uma vez) someone brought alcohol

the guy stole from his parents

The Netherlands

I've never drunk that (I can change)

a pack of four cans (beer)

he went to buy beer Saturday morning

a breathalyzer test

in the trunk (porta malas)

it's forbidden (it's not allowed)

this summer it was allowed 4 parks

5,000 fine

I've never seen anyone drinking alcohol (it can change)

I was annoying (a pain in the ass)

the eve (véspera)

8

80 eighTY

250 -

kidnap (sequestrar)

napkin

Freudian slip (ato falho)

Cutlery (talheres)

Entrada

Dadinho de tapioca com queijo coalho

Cubos dourados de tapioca e queijo coalho, crocantes por fora e macios por dentro, acompanhados de um molho agridoce de pimenta artesanal.

Golden tapioca and cheese bites, crisp on the outside and tender on the inside, served with a handcrafted sweet chili glaze.

Moqueca Baiana de bacalhau e camarões

Bacalhau e camarões em ensopado de leite de coco, azeite de dendê, pimentões e coentro, com arroz branco e farofa crocante de banana.

(Opção vegetariana: tofu defumado.)

Traditional indigenous Brazilian dish with African and Portuguese influences

Cod and shrimp stew in coconut milk, dendê oil, bell peppers, and cilantro. Served with white rice and banana cassava crumbs.

(Vegetarian option: smoked tofu.)

Carne de sol brasileira

Carne de sol curada com açúcar mascavo, grelhada e servida com mandioca amanteigada, palmito pupunha em conserva, pimenta biquinho e agrião.

(Opção vegetariana: queijo halloumi tostado.)

Brown sugar cured (jerky) beef, grilled and paired with buttery cassava, pickled hearts of palm, biquinho peppers, and watercress.

(Vegetarian option: grilled halloumi cheese.)

--Sobremesa

Torta leve de queijo com goiabada

Uma torta delicada de queijo, servida com sorvete artesanal de goiaba, calda de goiabada e castanha de caju caramelizada.

A light, cheesecake paired with artisanal guava ice-cream, guava sauce, and caramelized cashew nuts.

fancy - sophisticated

buy the bulk (Costco - buy in large quantities)

cough syrup (xarope)

the price is lower than Apple Store

the lowest - (superlative)

Kitchen Vocabulary

Working Functions & Phrases

LISTENING

I just didn't work as a cashier

so many things to learn

I cooked rice

meat ball (mit)

on foot

3 more people

a Turkish woman

Am I not being xenophobic?

it's an infinity line (queue)

peas with mushrooms

pizza cheese and peperoni (pizza topping)

ready to cook

the dough (massa)

knead the dough (sovar)

a shift (turno)

a big accomplishment (conquista)

I went by car

he dropped me off at the school

he went to work

I took a bus

do you have a locker?

today it was a slow day

1,500 fifteen hundred

not everybody buys food

a can of coke

canned food (comida enlatada)

to bribe (propina)

the tools (ferramentas)

the insurance (seguro)

to steer (virar) - the steering wheel (volante)

here it takes a long time (demora muito)

the Embassy

cutlery

VERBS

Simmer (fogo baixo)

mince (chop in very small parts)

peel - descascar

remove the potatoes dark spots

to slice - fatiar

to blend - liquidificador

whip - the gravy - omelette - fue

knead - sovar /need/

Do I need to knead the dough?

to steam - (cozinhar no vapor)

TOOLS

pan

saucepan

skillet (big frying pan)

Pot

Colander - escorredor

grater - ralador

ladle - concha do feijao

whisk - fue

peeler - descascador

tongs - pinca

sieve - coedor - coer (verb)

rolling pin -

curd (coalhada)

batches (fornada)

A new batch of cookies

get lost

get ready

get it in the oven

get me something

get angry

get hungry

Cooking actions (VERBS)

• To turn up / down the heat

• To turn on / off the hob 

• To turn on / off the air vent 

There are several ways to say ‘add’ ingredients

• To add 

• To toss in 

• To throw in 

• To turn up / down the heat

• To stir (around) = to move the ingredients around in a pot, pan or dish

• To ladle out = to serve with a ladle To serve out / up

  
  

Quantities 

• A pinch of salt

• A teaspoon of salt

• A dash of vinegar / water/ oil (a little)

• A knob of butter 

a big hose (mangueira)

recipe /récipe/

there is a warning (aviso)

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/a1-a2-vocabulary/meals-cooking

https://promova.com/english-vocabulary/cooking-food-vocabulary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88UQmM9CwCM

slightly (levemente - a little bit)

I'm slightly tired today.

a trout (truta)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pD9mk0Y_pyo

1. LISTEN

2. PAUSE

3. CHECK

4. COMMENT

   
   

1. LISTEN

2. PAUSE

3. CHECK

4. COMMENT

   
   

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nqdv0hu0BBc

Kitchen Vocabulary

Working Functions & Phrases

LISTENING

are pets allowed (permitido) in your condo?

you have to moisturise

my eyelids are dry (pálpebra)

I feel the dryness when I touch my eyelids

curse - kãr-si (maldicao)

course - cór-si

food safety

fifth - /fifi/

first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth

to grate some carrots

thigh - coxa

chicken leg (coxa e sobrecoxa)

dumpling (fried dough - pastel)

to get along (se dar bem...)

How are you getting along with your coworkers?

She has been living here for 2 years, like me.

I met one woman from Turkey

biweekly payment

LISTEN

PAUSE

CHECK

COMMENT

------------------------

an apron - avental

a hairnet - toquinha

electric hob - cooktop vs gas stove

chopping knife - cleaver

to debone the chicken

a paring knife (vegetable knife)

chicken stew - canja

the peeler - to peel

leek - alho poró

to slice - fatiar

shallow - raso

fry it in shallow oil.

to grease - untar

a thin layer - camada fina

deep fry - fritar em imersao

I should have done 
Eu deveria ter feito...

never mind it - deixa pra lá

to toss / throw - jogar

he's a tosser (he's an idiot)

to heat up - aquecer

cupboard - pantry (dispensa)

storage room

the onion is sizzling (noise when something is frying)

a pinch - pitada

to sprinkle - with the fingers

turn down - diminuir - the heat, the stove, the oven, the temperature

turn up - aumentar

We're running out of potatoes - (ta acabando)

We ran out of dough (acabou a massa)

the pasta is gone -we ran out of pasta

we have no pasta left. (NO = ZERO)

to stir - mexer

to steam (cozinhar no vapor)

just a dash (just a little bit of) of paprika

a tea towel - pano de prato

otherwise (caso contrário)

it may stick (pode grudar)

turn/stir that steak before it sticks

a pint - (500ml) 473ml - half a liter

thick - grossa, espessa (dense)

Guinness is very thick

a sieve - coador

to tear /tér/ - rasgar

starch - amido

lid on - colocar a tampa

lid off - tirar a tampa

spice - tempero

spicy - apimentado - picante

to simmer - cozinhar no fogo baixo

thyme - tomilho - saci

thick - thin - thigh

KITCHEN VOCABULARY

LISTENING

Speaking Practice

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

skew (espetinho)

chicken steak

on the tray

to heat up (aquecer)

fusilli - rotini

left-overs

throw away (jogar fora)

córse (course)

curse (maldicao) he is cursed

there is an acronym (sigla)

FATTOM - food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen and moisture.

test

text - tekist

middle-east

I don't know anything about her

to swap (trocar)

to sweep (varrer)

our big boss (her boss)

she doesn't want to change

concrete plan /con-cri-t

the shell (casca)

seashell (concha)

She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are seashells, I'm sure. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells"

sea - see (C)

Betty Botter bought some butter
But she said the butter’s bitter
If I put it in my batter, it will make my batter bitter
But a bit of better butter will make my batter better
So ‘twas better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter

batter - (empanado)

bitter - amargo - my tea is very bitter

Indian Makhani (butter chicken)

jejum - fasting (to fast)

I fast every day.

I stop eating about 4 or 5 pm

I have been fasting for 5 years

I haven't eaten today (I have been fasting since yesterday 11pm)

I didn't eat today. (OVER)

I allow (permitir) me a piece of cake

it's like an addiction

you have to want it.

one lemon, (zest - casca), ginger, and mint

2l per day.

superfoods (ginger, garlic, cinnamon, lemon, mint, curcuma, oat, virgin olive oil, eggs, beans)

There was a time in my life where I didn't eat anything carbo

reduced coffee

ham

ram - (bode)

1. EXPERIENCE

2. OVER

3. CONNECTED TO THE PRESENT

4. HAPPENING NOW

Did you take the bus yesterday? OVER - CANNOT CHANGE

Have you drunk beer this week? CAN CHANGE - EXPERIENCE

Have you been studying your course? CONNECTION WITH THE PRESENT

(voce tem estudado...?)

Are you cooking now? HAPPENING AROUND NOW

Did you make the gravy? No, I haven't YET. (nao fiz AINDA)

Have you

Have you been

Are you preparing the pasta? Not yet, but I will. (ainda nao, mas vou)

(OVER) Did you study Japanese yesterday? No, I didn't, although (apesar que) I watched a movie in Japanese.

(EXPERIENCE) Have you drunk absinthe? (45%) Yes, I have.

74% - One sip and you are drunk.

(CONNECTION WITH THE PRESENT) Have you been travelling in South America with a backpack?

Have you been backpacking in South America? No, I haven't.

(voce tem feito... )

(HAPPENING around NOW) Are you cleaning your home? Tomorrow I will, definitely.

The bedsheet.

ACRONYM - (sigla)

O que significa FATTOM?

What does FATTOM stand for?

FATTOM stands for Food, Acidity, Time, Temperature, Oxygen and Moisture.

+There is a bus stop in front of my house. (1)

+There are 3 pets shops in my street. (2+)

-There isn't any any school.

? Is there any bakery nearby?

PAST - THERE WAS - THERE WERE
(tinha, existia, havia)

+There was a car in the corner. (1)

+There was some problem with the oven. (teve)

+There were many cars parked here. (2+)

-There wasn't any patty left.

? Was there any problem? (did you have any problem?)

FUTURE - THERE WILL BE - THERE IS GOING TO BE
(terá, existirá, haverá)

+There will be a celebration for Isabela.

+There will be 5 guests.

-There won't be any drink.

? Will there be a written test?

PERFECT - THERE HAS BEEN - THERE HAVE BEEN
(past - not over/finished - not specific about WHEN - it can change)

+There has been some problem with the oven (teve, mas ainda tem - the problem is not solved)

+There have been many problems with the cashier. (tem havido, tem tido)

-There hasn't been any order of cookies today. (until now)

? Has there been any problem this week? No, there hasn't been any problem so far (until now)

(Se teve algum problema esta semana)

MODAL - THERE CAN BE - THERE COULD BE - THERE MAY BE
There can be (pode ter, pode haver)
There could be (poderia ter, poderia haver)
There should be (deveria ter...)
There may/might be (talvez tenha...)
There must be (deve ter)
There would be (teria, haveria, existiria)

+In the menu, there could be tapioca, coxinha.

+In the menu, there should be less rice.

-There shouldn't be so many pasta.

(nao deveria ter tanta massa)

+Tomorrow, there may/might be pull-d pork

+There must be some mistake here. (conclusion)

Deve ter algum erro aqui.

+There must be more people working here during lunchtime.

Deve ter mais gente...

+There would be more people here today if it wasn't raining.

(teria mais gente aqui hoje, se nao estivesse chovendo)

? should there be more people working here? No, there shoudn't.

? Would There be more people here today if it wasn't raining? Yes, there would.

+

+

-

?

MAKING SUGGESTIONS, OBSERVATIONS

There could be (poderia ter...) more, less, a few

(stronger) There should be (deveria ter...)

COULD - (poderia) an option (poderia ter feito)

SHOULD - (deveria) a regret (eu deveria ter feito)

WOULD HAVE- (teria) a conditional (eu teria feito)

MUST - (devo) a deduction (eu devo ter feito)

MAY - MIGHT - a possibility (eu talvez tenha feito)

• message

• form

• example

Ontem eu poderia ter esperado o onibus.

Yesterday I COULD have waited the bus

MODAL + HAVE + V3

Ontem eu nao poderia ter esquecido de pagar a conta.

Yesterday I COULDN'T have forgotten to pay the bill.

Forget - Forgot - Forgotten

Eu deveria ter perdoado a minha amiga.

I SHOULD have forgiven my friend.

Forgive - Forgave - Forgiven

Eu nao deveria ter comido tanto ontem.

I SHOULDN'T have eaten so much yesterday.

I shouldn't eat so much. (PRESENT - FUTURE)

Eu teria estudado Engenharia se eu tivesse tido oportunidade.

I WOULD have studied Engineering If I had had opportunity.

Eu nao teria chegado tao cedo se o Zé nao tivesse me dado uma carona.

I WOULDN'T HAVE arrived early if Zé hadn't given me a ride.

Voce teria tirado algumas fotos da neve se voce tivesse tempo?

Would you have taken some pictures of the snow if you had time?

I take pictures all the time.

OBLIGATION in the PAST (Tinha que... I had to...)

Eu tenho que pagar... 

I must pay my credit card.  

I have to pay my credit card. 

Eu tinha que pagar my cartao de credito ontem.

I had to pay my credit card yesterday

Ele deve ter esquecido de pagar a conta. (Logical Deduction)

He must have forgotten to pay the bill.

Carla is late. She's never late.

She must have lost the bus.

Ela deve ter perdido o onibus.

Zé worked all day. He must be very tired. (NOW)

Yesterday Zé worked all day, he must have arrived very tired.

He went to the steakhouse, he shouldn't have eaten so much.

Carla is late. She's never late.

She may have lost the bus. (possible)

Ela talvez tenha perdido o onibus.

I may/might go to the mall tomorrow. (Eu talvez vá...)

John talvez nao tenha percebido o erro.

John might not have noticed the mistake.

Did you notice? (Voce percebeu?)

Noted (tá anotado)

I noticed that it was him even on the long distance, just by his gait. Nobody walks so weird.

the gait - particular way somebody walks

Her face is very dread. She really looks scared.

lump sum (entrada)

I gave a 15,000 lump sum and 10,000 in 10 instalments (prestacoes)

Wednesday - hump day

hump with butter (cupim)

The guy has a hump

The Lord's day (Sunday)

King James Bible

RECAP

LISTENING

Speaking Practice

KITCHEN VOCABULARY

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

greed - ganancia

greedy - (adj) ganancioso

a ballpark figure (chute)

800 daily revenue

16,000 month

until the other Friday (not next Friday)

Zé drops me off.

wear - wore - I wore pajamas

20 modules /moduls/

100 questions - cut grade 60 - 82

The course ranges so many subjects (abranger)

There's a high turnover. (rate of people leaving the job)

Tariffs

to tan (bronzear) (10)

Is there any tan saloon there? Artificial tanning

I've never seen (because it can change)

to give the change

-Can you break a 100?

0.05 - 0.1 - 0.25 - 0.5 - 1 - 2 dollars coins

double double - 2 sugars, 2 milks

Mocha

If he wants, he can.

we checked (nos olhamos...)

By airplane

35 business days vacations

he can take them (the days) as he choses

PAUSE

CHECK

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHxVrnuiG38

get over

get along

get through

get off

get around

get by

get rid of

get away

get away with

get up

get across

get together 

get back

get used

get to

get at

get back at

get behind

get into

how's the week going at work?

when I started

didn't have cooking gas in the school

Monday I went back to my school (the previous school)

it was very windy

Yesterday, it was snowing all day (snow_ed all day)

4 pairs of boots

to thaw (derreter)

How long has she been there?

How long has she working there?

She blames herself about not studying English

I blamed myself

Yesterday I read /réd/

To denounce the student

undocumented immigrants

tariffs (import & export)

The prime-minister renounced

you are subject to the crown

Canadian National Anthem

She has 2.5 still (ainda)

(yet) negatives - questions (ainda)

Eu haven't finished yet. (eu ainda nao terminei)

She has to choose the subjects (matérias) for the next week

She doesn't study maths

She has studied law

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7u8A0AoDRdw

RECAP

LISTENING

Speaking Practice

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

My English is better than hers. (melhor do que o dela)

Sri Lanka (Pakistani - Indian)

3 people

meals

snacks

my boss' boss (the owner)

I've been in this job for 2 months only (2 will change)

There's a girl

Arrive

some ingredients (frozen)

everyday I have a new menu

to plan (to prepare)

Today you prep for tomorrow

I season the potato (temperar)

The chicken legs are marinating

the ground beef is already fried

mash potato

it pops (the sounds)

soy (soja)

we don't know yet

just once (uma vez)

(very recent)

Zé has just arrived. (acabou de chegar)

She has just left. (ela acabou de sair)

There's nothing left.

dumpling (pastel)

at least /list/

to praise (elogiar)

Nobody praised your food?

there wasn't anything left

there was NO leftover (sobra)

this school is smaller

in the old part of the town

(oldtown)

Have you worked in Isabela's school?

Not yet (it can change)

900 meters

she complains everyday (reclamar)

Zé drops her off in the morning

I saw the bus leaving...

I walked 3km

TALKING ABOUT HEALTH

• Healthy food

• Healthy habits

• unhealthy habits and foods

  
  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zk7WlWV-8h0&t=677s

Listen once - no Subtitles

FIGURES - 29 items

Listen once - no Subtitles

TAKE DOWN THE NUMBERS

LISTEN Second time -

a pledge - a commitment

ubiquitous - present everywhere

to mimic - to imitate

the turnover - (total sales)

willingness -

ingrain (habits) - rooted 

unlikely

ubiquitous

as well as 

when it comes to 

break even

meanwhile

ensure

-------------------------------------

1940s

78mi metric tons

14% recycled

2018

1.7mi metric tons

2025

100%

1/3

1.68bi euros

three-pronged

one layer

the third part of the strategy

2018

100%

hundreds of times

250 uses

breakeven at 66

2,3 weeks ago

400,000 orders

11,000 kg

7,000 kg of waste

12 weeks

70 countries

20 million pounds

2 years ago

double

2 years

2050

3 firms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SvQSKaYbwE

LISTENING

Talking Figures

SPEAKING

RECAP

I don't eat

sweet (doce) (adjective)

sweeten (adocar) (verb)

soft (macio)

soften (amaciar)

dark (escuro) (adjective)

darken (escurecer) (verb)

darkness (escuridao) (noun)

sweetener

sweetness (doçura)

likely (probable)

you are more likely (mais provável)

unlikely (improvável)

It's unlikely to rain tonight.

Lupus - autoimmune disease

she doesn't believe

tick - carrapato

dairy - anything made of milk

she never gets better

lung - pulmao

liver - fígado

kidneys - rims

I'm so full. I've eaten a lot...

I'm starving

1m snow

I slept

I needed to sleep

to take a nap

fifty first (51st)

Liberal party has a high change of winning, after the Orange guy.

before the class I read the news on Twitter

Ukraine War

PGR denounced ...

Did you see the movie?

Have you seen the movie? Not yet.

TV Series

Have you read the book, 100 years of solitude?

Have you seen the series? Yes, I have.

I need to lose some pounds

I gain weight only thinking about food

(noun) peso - weight /wait/

(verb) pesar - weigh /way/

My weight is 85kg.

I weigh 86kg.

How much do you weigh?

What's your weight?

even worse (ainda mais pior)

my goal (gol)

sixty

I need to weigh 66

My dad weighs 75

In 2000 I weighed 112kg

so many kilos (count)

so much fat (uncountable)

the mango when it's not fully ripe (madura)

my mouth waters (salivar)

PAIRED

As / As   

Both / and           

Either / or

Neither / nor 

Not only / but also          

Whether / or      

CONCESSION

though

although

even though

CONDITION

if

unless

until

provided that

assuming that

even if

in case (that)

lest

bar

COMPARISON

than

rather than

whether

whereas

TIME

after

as long as

before

once

since

until

when

whenever

while

REASON

because

since

so that

in order (that)

PRONOUN

who

whoever

whom

whose

MANNER

how

as though

as if

PLACE

where

wherever

SIMILAR TO AND

also

besides

furthermore

likewise

moreover

SIMILAR TO BUT

however

nevertheless

nonetheless

instead

otherwise

SIMILAR TO SOconsequently

hence

meanwhile

then

therefore

thus

Listening

General RECAP

Speaking

CONJUNCTIONS

Talking Numbers

I changed my coat

a lighter coat

I'm_responsible for hot food

veggies /vedjis/

Shawarma

slices of chicken

a sauce

from scratch (from zero)

gnocchi is comfort food

your childhood (infancia)

in shell peanut

I have a rash (alergia)

Are there mosquitos there?

(Tem mosquito aí?)

a swarm (enxame) of mosquitos

they bite just Isabela.

mosquito repellent

an outbreak (um surto de)

measles (sarampo)

have you taken the flu shot?

I took last December

Isabela and I took it.

Isabela and me took it.

She has lived here for about 30 years

Iran - Ailin (Aileen)

How long has she been there in Canada?

Eaulali (olalí) - Reno - Nevada

Crosswords