Time period

The Mayan civilization existed in Mesoamerica over several millennia, with origins in the Preclassic period (c. 2000 B.C. – 250 A.D.), a flourishing Classic period (c. 250–900 A.D.), and a Postclassic period that continued until the 16th-century Spanish conquest.

Ancient China generally refers to the period from the Neolithic era (around 6,000 BCE) to the end of the Han Dynasty in 220 CE

Location

The Mayan civilization was located in Mesoamerica, encompassing present-day southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras, and western El Salvador. This vast region includes the Yucatán Peninsula, the Guatemalan Highlands, and the southern lowlands .

. Farmers ingeniously adapted to the arid climate bydeveloping large-scale irrigation systems and mastering the cultivation of staple crops and livestock. 

The Indus Valley Civilisation, also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.

Culture

Mayan culture was a complex Mesoamerican civilization known for its advanced writing system, sophisticated calendars and astronomy, impressive architecture, and rich religious traditions. Flourishing from roughly 250 AD to 900 AD, the Maya developed hieroglyphic writing, the concept of zero in mathematics, and accurate astronomical observations that guided their agricultural and religious practices. The culture also featured elaborate art, sculpture, and a society structured around city-states ruled by monarchs. 

Agriculture practices

Mayan agricultural practices included the "milpa" or slash-and-burn system, which involved clearing and burning forest for fertile soil; terrace farming to prevent erosion on slopes; raised field systems for marshy areas; and intricate crop rotation with maize, beans, and squash to maintain soil fertility. Key crops were maize, beans, squash, chilies, and cassava, with other agricultural innovations including wetland modification and the cultivation of long-lived trees.  

The Indus Valley Civilization was located in the northwestern region of South Asia, in present-day Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Afghanistan