Equine Courtship and Mating Behaviors by Candice Bonaparte https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9 Learning the sexual behaviors of a male and an estrus female horse. en-us 2018-03-06 19:04:37 UTC 2024-05-28 01:44:56 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Hearts.png Background Information abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238852991 As the days increase in length during the spring and summer, adult female horses, known as mares, become in heat. They are referred to as long-day breeders. It is the light that allows the mare to have many estrous cycles during their breeding season, known as seasonally polyestrous. Mares will cycle several times during the spring and summer times if she never conceives. 

Length of estrous cycle: 21 days

Fact: Hand breeding, bringing a male and a female into contact,  is a commonly used mating practice with horses. ]]> 2018-03-06 19:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238852991 Video: Courtship abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238879475 In this video, you will observe courting and the behaviors associated with a mare in heat and her resistance. 

Visible signs of estrus: lifting the tail, frequent urination, straddling (squatting) posture, and clitoral “winking"

Stallion's sexual behavior displayed: Flehmen response, vocalizations (loud grunting), sniffing, erect penis, mounting]]> 2018-03-06 20:22:31 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238879475 Sexually Receptive Mare in Heat abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238886115 A sexually receptive female "stands immobile when approached and mounted. Sexually experienced males 'understand' these postures and displays and respond accordingly." 

Estrus duration: 2-10 days

True estrus is when a female permits copulation by the male. 
- Duration of receptive phase of 
estrus: 1-3 days

Price, Edward O. Principles & Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior. CABI, 2008. Print
]]> 2018-03-06 20:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238886115 Video: Mare's Resistance Behavior abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238939923 Here, is a video of a what a mare would do when she does not want to mate. 
Observe the male and female behaviors. What behaviors are exhibited?
- impatience, persistence
- kicking, running]]> 2018-03-06 23:22:48 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238939923 Stallion's Behavioral Response to a Mare In Heat abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238944495 "A stallion with a high libido will exhibit an eagerness to mount and attempt to breed a mare." The classic behavioral response is the Flehmen response, a male lifting its nose into the air and curling his upper lip. 

"The stallion will often be impatient, alert, hyperactive, and restless." The penis will erect, he will vocalize, frequently nudge the mare, smell, may bite over the mare’s body and/or exhibit aggression.
http://articles.extension.org/pages/9786/horse-breeding-behavior

]]> 2018-03-06 23:48:03 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/238944495 Article: Mating - Stallion's Sexual Behavior abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239002584 *Starting page 539 - sexual behaviors of stallions]]> 2018-03-07 05:29:11 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239002584 Signs of Estrus abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239003538 - Lifting the tail exposing the vulva
- Winking the clitoris
- Assuming the breeding stance

Picture from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S153475160500065X]]> 2018-03-07 05:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239003538 Signs of Estrus abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239004502 - Urination stance
- Frequent urination
     - "Estrous mare urine appears to
       be a sexual attractant, not a
       sexual stimulant."

Other Signs: restlessness, hyperactivity, less time devoted to eating and resting, and more time “running the fences.”
http://articles.extension.org/pages/9786/horse-breeding-behavior

Price, Edward O. Principles & Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior. CABI, 2008. Print

Picture from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S153475160500065X]]> 2018-03-07 05:47:41 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239004502 Article: Mares Visual and Non-Visual Preferences of Males abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239004897 Mares' oestrous cycle, the reproductive activity, influence female preferences for male traits: a high libido that may positively influence the female's interest.]]> 2018-03-07 05:51:16 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239004897 Stallion Sniffing Vulva abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239006483 "The mare produces olfactory cues that stimulate males to remain in close proximity. The introduction of a male or male secretions, such as urine, saliva, or scent gland secretions, can facilitate the onset of estrus." 
 
Price, Edward O. Principles & Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior. CABI, 2008. Print

Picture from: http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/784401.html
]]> 2018-03-07 06:06:05 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239006483 Courtship abonaparte92 https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239071162 According to the book, Principles & Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior, males may show preferences for certain females. It has been reported that "stallions spent more time investigating passive mares whether or not they were in estrus."  

So, how do males attract the female? 
During courtship, the stallion approaches the mare and will "prance, sniff, nuzzle, and groom her."

Price, Edward O. Principles & Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior. CABI, 2008. Print

http://articles.extension.org/pages/9786/horse-breeding-behavior
]]> 2018-03-07 10:45:05 UTC https://padlet.com/abonaparte92/l7aued4mltj9/wish/239071162