https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km Important Concepts en-us 2018-04-02 13:03:18 UTC 2018-04-05 02:19:54 UTC hello@padlet.com katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247789577 - well-planned settings provide developmentally appropriate play experiences that also help promote math skills.
- these experiences help with color and shape recognition, classification, measurement, counting, time, temperature, space, and volume concepts.
- the math experiences should stress:
       - observing and describing concrete objects
       - recognizing colors, patterns, and attributes
       - classifying sets of objects
       - comparing objects and using terms that describe quantity, such as more than and lighter than
       - copying patterns
       - recognizing shape concepts
       - recognizing and writing numerals
       - using logical words such as all, none, and some
       - using one-to-one correspondence
       - estimating quantity and measurement
- developing problem-solving skills]]> 2018-04-02 13:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247789577 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247792367 - determine children's skill levels before planning math activities.
- two common forms of assessment:
       - observation assessment
       - specific task assessment
- observation involves formal viewing of a child during self-selected activities.
- specific behaviors to watch for:
       - identifying colors and shapes
       - sorting and classifying objects
       - counting objects
       - setting a table correctly
       - pouring liquids and carefully watching the amount poured
       - constructing patterns
       - writing numerals
- specific task assessment involves giving children set activities to determine skill and/or needs.]]> 2018-04-02 13:19:01 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247792367 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247794248 - encourage the children by providing an active, stimulating environment to foster mathematical thinking.
- provide the children with a variety of 3D objects that promote physical and mental activity.
- Include items for counting, observing, creating, sorting, discussing, construction and comparing.]]> 2018-04-02 13:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247794248 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247826068 - a quality curriculum provides a rich environment and developmentally appropriate activities to help children explore key concepts.
- children should learn to count and recognize numbers and understand the concepts of space, size, volume, and time]]> 2018-04-02 14:59:46 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247826068 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247826257 - color is considered a math concept since it helps children learn to discriminate among objects.
- using color, children can classify, pattern, and sequence.
- identifying color can also help language development. It requires the skill to recall a name and associate it with a visual image.
- children learn to identify colors before shapes. It is also common for a preschool child to confuse color and shape.
- color blindness can be discovered through careful observation of children as they try to learn colors.
       - color blind children see shades of green and red as grayish brown.
       - they may even see all colors as gray.
- the director will usually discuss this problem with the child's parents. Then, the parent decides if their child should be tested for color blindness.
- color concepts can be taught formally or informally.
- color recognition can be taught at transition times.
- sorting objects by color will help with recognition.]]> 2018-04-02 15:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/247826257 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248473141 - children will first say that circles and squares are the same shapes because they both have closed boundaries. Over time, they will become aware of the features they have.
- usually, roundness is the first one that children learn.
- to learn basic shape concepts, use a variety of activities that stress touching, holding, and matching of shapes.
- shape: what "goes around the outside" or the outline of the object, to help the child grasp the concept of shape.
- parquetry blocks: geometric pieces that vary in color and shape.
- do not teach shape and color concepts at the same time, wait until color concepts are well understood.]]> 2018-04-04 13:13:04 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248473141 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248476655 - classification: the process of mentally sorting and grouping objects or ideas by a common attribute.
- attribute examples:
       - size
       - color
       - shape
       - pattern
       - function
- matching: a form of classification. Involves putting like objects together.
- sorting: involves classification. The process of physically separating objects based on unique features.
- sequencing: the process of ordering real-life objects from shortest to tallest or tallest to shortest.
- children begin to learn classification skills in their first few weeks of life.
- recognizing: gathering information to make classifications by using senses through repeated experiences. This gives a child the ability to relate past and present experiences.
- as children build classification skills, increase the number of common features in the activities.]]> 2018-04-04 13:20:41 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248476655 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248719563 - set: group of objects that are alike  in some way and, therefore, belong together.
- common features of a set may be:
       - color
       - shape
       - size
       - material
       - pattern
       - texture
       - name
       - use
- a set can have few or many members.
- empty set: a set with no members.
- the concept of set can be strengthened by asking a small group of children to divide themselves into a set.
       - may divide by gender, age, color of eyes, or color of clothing.
- can use snack time as an example of an empty set, when everything is eaten off of the plate.]]> 2018-04-05 01:38:22 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248719563 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248720559 - counting is a key problem-solving tool.
- one-to-one correspondence: the understanding that one group has the same number as another.
       - most basic part of the concept of numbers.
- finger counting is helpful and fun for children.
- cardinality: the last number of the counting sequence tells how many objects exist in a set.
- children are often exposed to counting by listening to adults count objects.
- after they know the names of the numbers, they can identify them and make the connection between the word and the numeral.
- the ability to count occurs in two stages:
       - rote counting
       - rational counting
- rote counting is learned before rational counting.
- rote counting is recitation of numbers in order. This involves memory, not understanding.
- rational counting involves attaching a number to a series of grouped objects.
- children should always be exposed to rational counting using concrete objects.]]> 2018-04-05 01:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248720559 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248721435 - numerals: the symbols that represent numbers.
- children gain these recognition skills as they are continually exposed to numerals.
- there are many easy ways to expose children to numerals, like taking a walk or looking at a number line.]]> 2018-04-05 01:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248721435 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248721750 - spatial relationships: the position of people and objects in space relative to each other.
- space concepts can be taught during cleanup time, art time, block-building, and other activities.
- games like "Simon Says" and "Hokey Pokey" are good ways to teach children about space concepts.
- give children frequent review so they can maintain this information.]]> 2018-04-05 01:56:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248721750 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248722160 - children develop size concepts only through experience. 
- use words like: big, little, large, small, long/tall, short, wide, thin, big, bigger, biggest, small, smaller, smallest, inches, feet, pounds, smaller than, bigger than, thick, thin, high, low, large, larger, longer, taller, and shorter.]]> 2018-04-05 02:00:10 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248722160 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248722456 - sand tables and water tables are useful for offering children many opportunities to explore volume. 
- provide many containers of varying volumes and shapes for measuring.
- introduce volume concepts such as: empty, full, little, much, a lot, and some.
- when children use these concepts, they think about their world in terms of quantity.]]> 2018-04-05 02:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248722456 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248722729 - time is a difficult concept for children to understand, partly because time can stand for so many situations.
- past present, future, soon, hours, days, yesterday, tomorrow, and today are examples of time concepts.
- young children have only a vague concept of time.
- children cannot usually read a clock or watch until about the age of seven.
- offer time experiences to children by using the correct time words.
- some words are: day, night, before, after, minute, second, now, later, morning, afternoon, evening, yesterday, today, tomorrow, early, late, spring, summer, autumn, winter, new, and old.
- children should also learn about the passing of time.]]> 2018-04-05 02:05:20 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248722729 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248723401 - cooking and outdoor activities  help introduce temperature concepts.
- include words like: thermometer, hot, cold, warm, and cool.]]> 2018-04-05 02:12:09 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248723401 katiefrank https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248723503 - books enhance children's natural interest and curiosity about math.
- books also help children see numbers in many contexts.
- they are a meaningful tool for exploring, thinking, and exchanging math concepts.]]> 2018-04-05 02:13:10 UTC https://padlet.com/katiefrank/l6kmxx3324km/wish/248723503