Human Nutrition by GY https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw en-us 2019-04-16 16:05:18 UTC 2025-10-05 23:57:01 UTC hello@padlet.com https://imgglb.padletcdn.com/v13/image?t=g_auto&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet.net%2Ficons%2Fpng%2F1f371.png e.g. pancreatic amylase digests starch into maltose gymak90 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352160309 2019-04-17 00:17:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352160309 Pancreas https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352206986 1. Produces pancreatic juice which consists of pancreatic enzymes:
- pancreatic amylase digests starch into maltose
- pancreatic lipase digests emulsified minute fat globules to fatty acids and glycerol
- typsinogen is the inactive form of trypsin

2. Pancreatic juice flows into duodenum via pancreatic duct

3. Secretes hormones insulin and glucagon which controls concentration of glucose in the blood and carbohydrate metabolism]]> 2019-04-17 05:52:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352206986 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207004 Epithelium is only one-cell thick.]]> 2019-04-17 05:52:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207004 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207027 Pancreatic lipase digests emulsified fats into fatty acids and glycerol]]> 2019-04-17 05:52:37 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207027 Gall Bladder https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207033 1. Stores bile temporarily
- Bile emulsifies fat into minute fat globules, which increases surface area to volume ratio for faster digestion by lipases.
2. Releases bile into the duodenum via the bile duct.

- Greenish yellow bag attached to the liver. ]]> 2019-04-17 05:52:41 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207033 Maltase digests maltose into glucose https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207080 2019-04-17 05:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207080 Bears numerous villi. The epithelium of the villi, in turn has numerous microvilli https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207090 Provides a larger surface area to volume ratio for absorption(simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol) in the small intestine . ( Xander group )22222222222]]> 2019-04-17 05:53:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207090 The inner surface of the small intestine is folded to increase absorption https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207118 2019-04-17 05:53:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207118 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207141 richly supplied with blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries/ lacteal.
Blood capillaries absorbs glucose and amino acids while lacteal absorbs fatty acids and glycerol. The blood capillaries and lacteal carries these absorbed food substances away quickly and helps maintain conc. gradient for diffusion]]> 2019-04-17 05:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207141 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207150 Adaptation/Feature: Small intestine is long and coiled.
Function/Purpose: Provides sufficient time for digestion and absorption of food substances like glucose and amino acid molecules.(Xander's gang)]]> 2019-04-17 05:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207150 Adaptations of the small intestine https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207238 Feature : Inner Walls are extensively folded.
How it help absorption : It provides a large surface area to volume ratio for faster rate of absorption.
(Xander's group)]]> 2019-04-17 05:53:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207238 Sucrase digests sucrose into glucose and fructose https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207325 2019-04-17 05:54:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207325 Structure and function https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207361 Structure: Each villi has many micro-villi projecting from the erythrocytes of its epithelium which collectively form the striated or brush border.
Function: increased surface area to volume ratio decreases the average distance travelled by nutrient molecules. So effectiveness of diffusion increases ]]> 2019-04-17 05:54:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207361 Sucrase digests sucrose into glucose and fructose https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207396 2019-04-17 05:54:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207396 Lactase digests lactose into glucose and galactose https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207475 2019-04-17 05:54:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207475 The villi have thin walls https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207507 epithelium is only one cell thick.
This allows for faster rate of diffusion as barrier to diffusion is reduced.]]> 2019-04-17 05:55:03 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207507 pancreatic and intestinal lipases digests emulsified minute fat globules into fatty acids and glycerol https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207516 bile emulisifies(breakdown)large insoluble fats into minute fat globules for pancreatic and intestinal lipases to digest the emulsified minute fat globules into fatty acids and glycerol]]> 2019-04-17 05:55:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207516 The epithelial of the villus has microvilli to increase surface area to volume ratio for absorption. Villus have one-cell thick wall to reduce barrier to diffusion and allow it to proceed faster.Inside the epithelium there is many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport to happen. The villus is richly supplied with blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries. https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207576 2019-04-17 05:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207576 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207577 have thin wall and epithelium is one cell thick so as to reduce barrier to diffusion and allow it to proceed fasteer]]> 2019-04-17 05:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207577 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207652 pancreatic amylase digests starch into maltose 
Maltase digest maltose into glucose 
lactase digests lactose to glucose and glactose
sucrase digests sucrose to glucose and fructose.
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Trypsin synthesized as inactive trypsinogen is converted by enterokinase to active form. Trypsin digests proteins into amino acids. 
Erepsin hydrolyses peptones into amino acids]]> 2019-04-17 05:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207652 Adaptation of villus https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207660 -Villus has thin walls.
-Epithelium is one cell thick.
-Richly supported with blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries.
-Long and coiled
-The epithelium of the villus has numerous micro-villi]]> 2019-04-17 05:56:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207660 The small intestine is long and coiled. https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207697 It is to provide sufficient time for absorption , digestion, diffusion]]> 2019-04-17 05:56:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207697 enterokinase converts trypsinogen to trypsin https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207719 2019-04-17 05:56:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207719 typsin digests proteins to polypeptides/peptones https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207818 2019-04-17 05:57:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207818 pH https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207901 it is alkaline with pH 8-9]]> 2019-04-17 05:58:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207901 There is a membrane that separates the food substances from the blood capillaries. https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207903 This is to ensure that the digested food substances take a shorter time to pass through a thin membrane than through a thick one]]> 2019-04-17 05:58:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207903 peptidases digests peptones/polypeptides to amino acids https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207997 2019-04-17 05:59:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352207997 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208100 - The villus has a thin wall and the epithelium is only one-cell thick.
-  This reduces barrier to diffusion, allowing for faster diffusion and resulting in faster absorption.
- It is richly supplied with blood capillaries  and lymphatic capillaries.
- Blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries carries glucose & amino acids and fatty acids & glycerol respectively away quickly. These food substances are absorbed by the process of diffusion or active transport.
- The capillaries also maintains concentration gradient for diffusion.]]> 2019-04-17 06:00:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208100 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208121 The inner surface of the small intestine is folded. The fold bear numerous minute finger-like projections(villi).The epithelium of the villi,in turn, has numerous microvilli. This provides a large surface area to volume ratio for absorption.]]> 2019-04-17 06:00:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208121 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208248 The inner surface of the small intestine is folded to increase its surface area to volume ra]]> 2019-04-17 06:01:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208248 * https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208256 there is a mucous coat containing glands that secrets digestive intestinal enzymes]]> 2019-04-17 06:01:32 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208256 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208286 the surface of the ]]> 2019-04-17 06:01:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208286 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208301 The villi and the microvilli increase intestinal absorptive surface area approximately 30-fold and 600-fold ]]> 2019-04-17 06:01:55 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208301 Rich supply of blood capillaries and lacteal. https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208311 More blood capillaries and lacteal means that it can carry absorbed food substances quickly. This also maintains concentration gradient for diffusion.]]> 2019-04-17 06:02:01 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208311 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208378 The lining of the walls of the small intestine contains glands which secrete digestive enzymes.]]> 2019-04-17 06:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208378 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208407 They have a rich blood supply to keep a concentration gradient. ]]> 2019-04-17 06:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208407 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208422 trypsinogen secreted by the pancreas is activated by enterokinase which is secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine to become trypsin.
Trypsin digests proteins into polypeptides . Peptidases or erepsin then digests polypeptides into amino acids]]> 2019-04-17 06:03:09 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352208422 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352209169 gang green gang]]> 2019-04-17 06:09:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352209169 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352211500 1]]> 2019-04-17 06:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352211500 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352212112 2019-04-17 06:32:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352212112 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352212362 2019-04-17 06:35:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352212362 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352213133 2019-04-17 06:41:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352213133 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352213937 2019-04-17 06:47:48 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352213937 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352214508 2019-04-17 06:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352214508 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352214643 2019-04-17 06:54:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352214643 https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352214886 2019-04-17 06:55:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gymak90/l59sm365jihw/wish/352214886