-During the 1920s, the Great Migration of black Americans began to nothern cities such and Chicago, Philidelphia and New York. When they did that, they took their music with them

-Soon enough, white musicians began to incorporate jazz as well.

-By 1929, Jazz was a popular form of music amongst Americans

-Accompanied new dance crazes in the 1920s such as the Charlseton and the turkey trot, replacing the waltz which was popular more earlier in the century.

-In the urban areas, whites were still attracted to country music

-And in black American-dominated rural areas, the blues remained important

-Denounced by groups such as the KKK

-In the 1920s much of the Midwest and South took part in Protestant religious revival, as their leaders condemned jazz as the music of the devil

-Black American communities in northern cities began to assert its unique identity.

-This organisation aimed to celebrate black American achievements and support the struggle for equal rights

-The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was founded and led by Marcus Garvey, who believed in Pan-Africanism, and said that black people all over the world should be united in a struggle for equality. He founded separate black-only businesses, including a shipping company.

-The 1920s saw a concentration on realism, reflecting the actual experiences of individual novelists including moral issues such as the first-hand experience of the horrors of war

-F.Scott would capture the spirit of the rebellious youth of flappers

-Ernest Hemingway also wrote about his own life as a volunteer ambulance driver on the Italian Front during the first world war

-Gave American Literature a global reputation for the first time

-Saw USA lead the world in popular culture and reach the world stage in literature

-Was first developed during US Civil War

-By 1929, most major cities had a baseball stadium that could hold tens of thousands of people

-However, baseball quickly recovered from the controversy.

-One reason was that Kenesaw Mountain Landis was appointed national baseball commissioner.

-He (the commissioner) helped clean up the image of baseball by stamping out corruption and passing substances that he felt enhanced player performance.

-He also banned players and coaches who were found guilty.

-Workers had more money to spend and the consumer boom helped field demand for spectator sports.

-Commercial radio also allowed people across the country to listen to baseball matches.

-Newspapers developed sports sections with extensive coverage of Major League Baseball (MLB).

-The ball used in baseball was standardised with a cork interior, benefiting the hitters more than the pitchers and making the game more high-scoring.

-The format of baseball leagues is still used in the present-day

-The first black American MLB player, Jackie Robinson, only played after the Second World War.

-In 1920, a Negro Baseball League was created.

-More poorly financed than its white counterpart, the NBL still attracted large crowds of black Americans and allowed black American baseball players to play the sport professionally.

-The 1920s saw the radio help bring the entire country closer together through the airwaves.

-Until the appearance of radio, Americans visited theatres to watch entertainment shows - Initially located in big cities and large towns.

-Broadway in NYC became the centre of America's theatre industry. However, radio brought entertainment into the homes of millions of Americans, irrespective of where they lived.

-No longer did Americans have to leave home to hear professional-quality sports entertainment.

-It is hard to believe that jazz, baseball and popular entertainers would have ever received national recognition in the world without radio.

-Radio was as important as the motor car in bringing Americans together and making them all believe the USA was the leading country in the modern era.

-Led to huge growth in advertising. Following the creation of the first commercial radio station, KDKA, based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1920, the USA was soon filled with stations offering unique opportunities for companies to sell their wares through radio advertising

-Hollywood in California became the centre of the world film industry, producing, hundreds of films per year. Until 1927, all cinema films were silent, which meant films produced by the USA could be enjoyed all over the world.

-Before WW1, Hollywood produced short-length films, many of them comedies.

-The world's first global film star was English-born comedian Charlie Chaplin.

-In 1915, the first full-length feature film, The Birth of Nation, captured the nation's imagination. It was about the most traumatic episode in US history, the Civil War. It was also the film that helped revive the Ku Klux Klan.

-By 1928, films were the premier form of popular entertainment for Americans and made the USA the top country for culture in the world.

-The comic pair Laurel and Hardy became one of the most popular comic film partnerships.

-Hollywood also produced comedies, westerns and romances.

-By 1929, every small town in the USA had its own picture house showing Hollywood films. By that stage, the industry was dominated by big studios such as Paramount, Warner Brothers and MGM.

-Owners of Hollywood studios became multimillionaires.

-They represented the American Dream, the idea that even poor people through hard work and ability could become rich and famous.

-Many came from poor backgrounds and small towns but became world-famous and super-rich as a result of the cinema.

-Through newspapers and magazines, the lives of Hollywood stars became almost an obsession for many Americans.

-In 1927, a revolution took place in Hollywood: the invention of talking pictures, beginning with The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson.

-The film made Jolson an international star overnight. Two years later, Hollywood began the Annual Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars.

-Religious moralists were concerned that Hollywood films could be used to undermine the Christian ethos of the country.

-In response to the pressure, the film studios appointed Will Hays, former Postmaster General, to produce a code of censorship for the industry. This was adopted in 1930, and lasted until 1968.