TOK exhibition - Class of 2023 by Alan Jovern Lim

jove21 — 2022-06-01 03:07:59 UTC

Flip Grid Video Links

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Object 1

23jchu — 2022-06-01 05:01:35 UTC

My first object is the section of newspaper that I read on the impact of dog meat on people’s health. Although many undoubtedly admits the beneficial impact of dog meat on people’s health, this section of newspaper claims that dog meat causes cancer, which later turned out to be a false idea.

As more people allowed dogs into their house, humans and dogs interacted more, forming a strong bond, developing an ability, a knowledge, to sympathize and love dogs. This new knowledge assimilated by new experience altered people’s belief in conceiving dogs merely as a source of food that replenishes their energy. Koreans began to value dog’s life, interpreted dog meat, specifically “Bo Shin Tang”, negatively, resulting in many shunning to eat Bo Shin Tang nowadays.

I have specifically included this object in this exhibition to highlight how values often cause bias in language, even resulting in an insertion of fake information to substantiate one’s idea. Some believe that it is the reader’s responsibility to eliminate bias and take in objective information. The implication of this comes down to knowledge communities continuously launching source check and fact check to ensure reliability of the information provided by the writers. Downsides of such view is that it gradually leads to a reluctance of people accessing texts like newspapers and articles due time-consuming process of fact checking before taking in information.

However, some might argue that our bias on such issues are so strong that no restriction is required when delivering the information. For instance, when reading the text, the unnecessary injection of bias happens if that information or claim substantiates reader’s values and beliefs. The downside of this view is that certainty of the reliability on a certain knowledge cannot be reached, leading to a lack of access to reliable information.

Object 2

23jchu — 2022-06-01 05:01:50 UTC

My second object is the picture of stem cell research center that I have researched during biology class. Embryonic stem cells entail ethical considerations due to the inevitable death of an embryo during the research. This center has intentionally eliminated the word “embryonic” in the label to avoid negative recognition from the public, as controversial research can harm their reputation.

Once scientists have realized the potential of stem cell and gained new knowledge on how to exploit this to cure other diseases, people’s values on exploiting the life of an embryo have changed due to the significant benefit that it brings to the life of humans as well as the future of medical science. While some are in favor of exploiting the benefit of embryonic stem cells, some who consider the killing of an embryo for their own good is somewhat unethical, disagrees with the use of embryonic stem cell regardless of its benefits. The point I want to make here is that ethical duty of our thoughts and values evolve over time for some while not for the other, which leads to different interpretation of new knowledge, and hence, impacting our established values and belief.

I have specifically included this object in this exhibition to highlight how names hinder the acquisition of knowledge. Some might argue that it is company’s responsibility to provide truthful knowledge about themselves. Yet, the downside of this view is that company providing truthful knowledge will damage their own reputation by exposing their ethically controversial conduct to wider public.

Some might argue that providing truth would hinder public’s acquisition of knowledge on the benefits of this research center. Despite the ethical considerations, it is undoubtedly true that this company has researched and made improvements in medical sciences, curing diseases that were once known to be incurable. Yet, this ethical consideration prevents people from weighing positive knowledge of this research center over negative knowledge, hindering us from forming positive values or beliefs on this research center.

Object 3

23jchu — 2022-06-01 05:02:06 UTC

My last object is my copy of “The Dwarf” by Jo Se Hee. The author of this book has intentionally used imaginary materials like dwarf and a ball to avoid government’s inspection.

During 1970s, this book was considered dangerous due to its inclusion of content that criticizes government. Yet this book is now conceived as renowned book that is often taught in literature class due to the author’s creative use of literary devices to avoid government inspection during that period. This gradual shift in people’s perception on this book occurred with the exposure to foreign cultures where people freely speak their opinions without forcefully being submissive to the unjust government.

The inclusion of this object is significant regarding its representation of how language can alter the interpretation of knowledge on one community to another. Some people would argue that it is writer’s responsibility to provide information that is comprehendible by all communities without excluding a specific group of people, like government officials in this case. The languages that the author used successfully evaded government’s punishment during that period, but these frequent alternation of language has resulted in implications where numerous authors incorporating creative language techniques, resulting in a current education system where we learn and cherish these language techniques and literature devices.

Some people would argue that multiple interpretations of language is the merit of literature. While providing explicit explanation with evidence can be a convincing way of delivering opinions and ideas, various language choices allow people to feel and sympathize with the authors, serving as an even more effective way of expressing and conveying ideas. Implications of multiple interpretation of language is the current education system striving to improve students’ ability to grasp the main idea and opinions of the author, which often approaches students with a high level of difficulty.

In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge?

2022-06-01 05:06:09 UTC

Introduction
The way and extent to which we acquire knowledge are influenced by the values formed by the times and personal background. Therefore, sometimes our values will hinder us from acquiring deep knowledge. This exhibition will explore IA and analyze it from the perspective of religion and era background.

Object 1: Painting Blue Star from Joan Miro

2022-06-01 05:06:53 UTC

This is an abstract painting created in 1927. Its name is Blue Star. This is a very typical modernist painting, which aims to use simple lines to abstract the expression of surrealist scenes. It is obvious that while the work became famous, it also caused controversy - some people also felt that its artistry did not match its fame, because the painting looked so easy to create.

This is a very interesting object for this exhibition. The techniques and core ideas used in this painting are unrecognizable to most people. This is because this abstract painting was born in a period when modern attention prevailed. People created the same art. Therefore, using strange ways to create an unprecedented style became the pursuit of artists in this period. Under this background, there is a great difference between people's standard of measuring beauty and that of today. Therefore, the success of this painting has a great relationship with people's values of the same era, that is, aesthetics.

This painting enriches the exhibition this time, because it has played a certain role in the development of modernism, which means that it has changed people's values to a certain extent and made people acquire a new aesthetic style. Unfortunately, the limitations of era (the 21st century) we live in have affected our values, leading us to form an aesthetic error that regards the regular arrangement of lines and colors as the only form of art, and ignores the unique creativity of seemingly disordered lines and color patches for people just entering the modern era. Our aesthetics has been influenced by modern mainstream of art. Before that, we didn't have many channels to accept the aesthetics of modernist art. Therefore, based on our solidified aesthetics, appreciating art of the same style as Blue Star will conflict with our values. In this way, the wrong values formed by the way we acquire knowledge have affected us to ignore the diversity of knowledge, making us more subjective to judge by the beauty that we think, which hinders us from acquiring knowledge.

Object 2: 2018 Version Irish Legal Document of Health

2022-06-01 05:07:32 UTC

This is the 2018 version of Health (regulation of termination of pregnancy) document in Ireland. In this version, the control on abortion is relaxed and abortion is legal within 12 weeks of pregnancy. Prior to this, the abortion ban was very harsh. It regarded the life of the fetus as equally important as that of a pregnant woman. Abortion was allowed only when the mother's life was threatened.

The illegality of abortion will harm the rights and interests of Irish people to a certain extent. The document makes us think that when values are highly based on religion, we will find it difficult to accept some knowledge that conflicts with religious beliefs to a certain extent. In Ireland, a country highly influenced by religion, the values of its citizens will be greatly influenced by religious dogma, which is not good for the country as a whole or the citizens as individuals. Under such circumstances, the formation of religious values is reflected in the pursuit of equality of women's and fetus' lives, but ignores that it will limit the people's exploration and development of knowledge.

This picture tells us the limitations of religious values in acquiring knowledge. Therefore, it is very good for this exhibition. From the perspective of religion, it is not difficult to understand the pursuit of religion for the moral level of "equal value of life". However, due to the limitations of the values generated by religion, it is impossible to find a perfect solution based on religion. The prevalence of abortion was prevented, but it hindered the acquisition of medical knowledge and had a negative impact. Under the restriction of the law, the exploration of abortion and related medical knowledge in this country will be limited to a great extent, which directly leads to a situation in which citizens do not and cannot consciously acquire relevant knowledge. Although the illegal abortion caused by religious reasons has certain particularity, this event also makes us realize that the diversity of situations is inevitable. Therefore, it is inevitable to improve or even reconstruct the value system that negatively affects the acquisition of knowledge.

Object 3: My physics oxford textbook

2022-06-01 05:08:08 UTC

This is my textbook for physics study. It can help us systematically when we need to acquire knowledge.

For physics, a subject with strong objectivity, different values will not affect our access to knowledge. As far as I am concerned, I have been taught that science is a very important subject since I was very young. Therefore, for me, I will spend more time on learning this subject, but I have not gained more comprehensive or accurate knowledge than others.

This object is very meaningful for this exhibition, because it is the representative of a very objective object, which reflects that sometimes values will not affect the acquisition of knowledge. It also shows that the transmission of objective objects is relatively less affected by subjective values, such as religious or historical limitations. Compared with the first two items, the objective knowledge represented by the physics book is not affected by time and culture, that is, it is very difficult to deny its authenticity, and the inevitability of conflict will not apply to it. Different values can only affect the efficiency of acquiring relevant knowledge to a greater extent, rather than the dissemination of knowledge, resulting in limitations.

Object1: Food shroud

2022-06-01 09:16:28 UTC

First object is my grandpa’s food shroud, It is used to protect the food to keep the food from being contaminated by mosquitoes and dust. My grandpa using it every day, but it seems uncommon in younger families, so I’m trying to figure out why.

The invention and use of the shroud can be considered as a knowledge generated for protect food, it represents a skilled knowledge of food protection. Indigenous people invented it according to their needs.

With the development and popularization of technology, traditional knowledge are replaced by new knowledge. Young people who are open to new knowledge are more willing to accept and use new skill such as refrigerators which can better protect food. At the same time, the improvement of the living environment has made dust and mosquitoes less common indoors. This made the shroud less useful and eventually led to the fading of the shroud from the lives of a new generation.

However, there are still many older indigenous people who insist on using it because they are reluctant to change. They have more Chinese indigenous ideology (feudal ideology), indigenous people think what has been passed down from our ancestors should be maintained and protected, not replaced or changed.

Although new generations still have access to this knowledge, but they no longer have access to this knowledge through "life experience”, because of changes in lifestyle and environment. Therefore, the shroud will represent a new kind of knowledge (eg. the factual knowledge of “technical knowledge used by indigenous society”), rather than maintaining the original skilled knowledge at the “use level”. The original knowledge content will only belong to the older generations who have indigenous ideology, because they maintain closer relationships with shroud, it is object they use in their lives rather than historical object.

Object2: Chinese joss paper

2022-06-01 09:16:55 UTC

My second object is a joss paper that my family will use on the death anniversary of my family. Chinese regard it as an indispensable tool in worshipping. I want to figure out why they doing this and the meaning behind the joss paper.

People originally use joss paper is because it represented a specific message. In Chinese indigenous belief, people believe the existence of "ghostdom", and the dead also need material life in the ghostdom. So they invented "joss paper" and passed it to their deceased relatives in the form of burning, so they could "spend" in the ghostdom. This shows in indigenous knowledge, joss paper represents "a currency can be used in ghostdom". This information represented by the joss paper is an informational knowledge exclusively owned by the people with indigenous belief.

Knowledge can be pass on to next generation, but the original specific information will be affected by changes in foreign cultures and social thoughts/values in the process of passing on, result in biases.

With increasing globalization, diverse ideas and knowledge have flooded into China, and those new knowledge has influenced how the generation that inherits knowledge views indigenous knowledge. Some people began to question or give up indigenous belief, result in question the existence of the “ghostdom”.

While the custom still exists, but the purpose of use joss paper and the message it conveys and represents has changed. For the Chinese who have given up their indigenous belief, the specific information represented by joss paper is just "a carrier to express their miss of deceased relatives", not "a currency can be used in the ghostdom". Therefore, The original informational knowledge represented by the joss paper will belong only to the person who inherited the indigenous belief.

Object3: Red packet

2022-06-01 09:17:18 UTC

My third object is a red packet I received. At Chinese New Year's Day, Chinese will put money in red packet and give them to the younger generation to express their love and blessings to younger generation. Interesting fact is the amount of money contained in each red packet is different, I’m interesting about this “fact”.

Recently, in China, red packet in the north will contain more money than red packet in the south (assume family financial ability is same). This presents the fact that the amount of money that northerners recognized should contain in the red packet is higher than what southerners recognized. What people think is true (how much money should be in a red packet) represents a "factual knowledge" belonging to a certain community.

Initially this "true" did not occur, the reason of difference in the amount in the red packet was that at the time when red packet were invented, the economy of southern China was lagging behind that of the north. This "lagging" lasted for more than 1,000 years. As “different amount” were passed down from generation to generation by indigenous societies, more/less amount’s red packets gradually evolved into a recognized tradition in the north/south. Although the economic level of some parts in South now surpasses some parts in North, this tradition has not changed.

Knowledge with the same origin is not necessarily the same, because there are inevitable biases in the process of being transmitted for various reasons. As it is passed down from generation to generation, the tradition with biases has form an indigenous knowledge that is exclusive to a certain community. In turn, people with different indigenous knowledge have different traditions, and this tradition represents a factual knowledge they recognized. In the other words, people with the same indigenous knowledge have their exclusive factual knowledge. This disparate factual knowledge may affect interaction between two communities (northerners receiving “south style” red packets may perceive it as disrespect).

Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers?

2022-06-01 09:18:13 UTC

Introduction：

Knowledge refers to the information, fact, and skills acquired through experience or education. Community of knowers is a group of people who share similar knowledge, beliefs or opinions.

Introduction & 1st object: Xiaomi electronic weight scale

23hjlee — 2022-06-01 09:20:21 UTC

19. What counts as a good justification for a claim?

Introduction:

"Good justification" can be determined by objectivity, logic, relevance, and accuracy. It is a good justification for a claim if most people think it is reasonable, thus people’s understanding and bias have an influence on the efficacy of the justification. The optional theme I have chosen is Knowledge and Technology. This is because technology can affect people’s understanding and knowledge, thus affecting justification.

1st Object: Xiaomi electronic weight scale

The object is a Xiaomi electronic weight scale that I put at the center of my home, and I can easily use it to measure my weight. The electronic scale automatically calculates the amount of deformation and force applied by the foot, which accurately justifies a correct value for weight.

This object answers the IA prompt of what makes a good justification since it shows how electronic scale can be more objective and accurate than analog scale measurement. There are more measurement errors in the analog than the electronic. Therefore, the digital scale is a more objective justification. The object links with my OT because a more technologically developed object changed how we determine good justification.

From the Scope of Technology, “Have technological developments had the greatest impact on what we know, how we know, or how we store knowledge?”. Technology development caused the electronic weight scale to give more accurate values of weight than an analog, which shows how technology positively impacts on how people acquire knowledge. As technology develops, the improvement of knowledge acquisition raises people’s ability to understand good justification, hence, people will easily accept the justifications for claim.

The object’s technology positively affects the objectivity. As errors are likely to occur less in electronic weight scale, it can reduce the need of personal judgement when measuring weight. Therefore, a good justification needs to be as accurate and objective as possible, and using knowledge produced by technology will empower this.

2nd object: Household cooking fry pan

23hjlee — 2022-06-01 09:22:17 UTC

The object, the frying pan is used to make breakfast, and it is coated with Teflon, a chemical substance known to prevent sticking food on the pan. Research says that Teflon poses little damage to health. However, when the coating peeled off by scratches, I had skepticism towards Teflon.

In this object, what counts as a good justification might be blurry because of the inaccurate information about Teflon coating technology. The oddity that people observe when cooking does not correspond to the research about Teflon. Therefore, people’s lack of understanding of Teflon impacts the acceptance of good justification. With inaccuracy about technology, Teflon coating’s effect on health can’t be specifically answered with good justification.

From the Methods and Tools of Technology, “How do the tools that we use shape the knowledge that we produce?”. Teflon coating is an inorganic material, and its chemical properties alter depending on how we use it. Subsequently, our knowledge about Teflon technology can likely to change as we use it. Thus, it makes difficult to always have a good justification for knowledge.

There is a positive effect on values and responsibility because the Teflon coating has been a valuable tool in culinary for a long time and raised the values in making food. By using Teflon, values and responsibility are negatively affected because people lose responsibility in making technology as safe as possible.

Overall, our limitation in the understanding of technology can decrease the accuracy and objectivity of justifications.

3rd object: Water dispenser & Conclusion

23hjlee — 2022-06-01 09:28:09 UTC

The object is a water dispenser that I use to drink water. In Korea, you can drink water from the sink, but you can’t do the same in China because the water treatment system is relatively underdeveloped. So, people in China rely on the bottled water dispenser to drink purified water at a cheaper cost.

For this object, the fact that the water comes from ‘spring’ is uncertain, which makes no good justification. Based on what we see and hear, gallons of water bottles come from the water tank to refill the dispenser. People believe that the waters are clean, but the actual process it goes through seems imperceptible. Thus, the lack of observable evidence makes the justification of ‘spring’ water less good. As technology develops, people assume that the water from dispenser is clean and becomes attracted by cheap products. Therefore, bias impacts people’s knowledge.

From the Ethics of Technology, “Are there situations where ignorance/lack of knowledge is an excuse for unethical behaviour?”. It is unethical behavior when people persuade others to buy the water dispenser as it is cheap and clean. This is because they do not know if it is sanitary and poses any harm to health. With lack of knowledge, it becomes difficult to give good justifications about the ethics involved.

Drinking from bottled water dispenser can be frequently seen in Chinese public spaces. Culture is positively affected because the culture of drinking from dispenser is respected. However, Culture is negatively affected because the fact that there are no good justifications to prove its cleanliness can impact the culture of drinking from dispenser. Therefore, it is reluctant to believe that the bottled water dispenser is clean and cheap, but the justification is too weak to prove it.

Conclusion:

For the first object, a good justification of a claim is difficult to deny because it is supported with objectivity and accuracy. Whereas the second object shows that good justifications are blurry because of the inaccuracy in the information about technology. Lastly, the third object is supported by weak justification with lack of reasons. Perspectives of each object are differentiated by how justification is close to being reasonable and relevant. In conclusion, it counts as good justification for a claim if most people could agree.

Additional references:

1. “Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Teflon, and Related Chemicals.” Cancer.org, 2015, www.cancer.org/healthy/cancer-causes/chemicals/teflon-and-perfluorooctanoic-acid-pfoa.html. Accessed 26 May 2022.

2. “Study Links Teflon Chemical to Higher Cancer Rates.” Environmental Working Group, 7 May 2004, www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/study-links-teflon-chemical-higher-cancer-rates. Accessed 26 May 2022.

Object 1

23achakrabarty — 2022-06-01 10:47:36 UTC

My yellow fever card helps me understand and distinguish between knowledge and opinion through a political lens. East African countries require all travelers to get immunized with the yellow fever vaccine as it serves as clinically tested proof of inoculation against the disease. While the document is impartial and objective, implicit within it are hidden biases.

Most travelers like myself were never exposed to the virus, although the vaccine’s requirement creates an image of an unsafe and disease-ridden area. Since other countries do not set an inoculation mandate, it strengthens the opinion that their health and safety protocols are not only more advanced, but their borders are more welcoming. Furthermore, many travelers hold an anti-vaccine view and remain reluctant about its administration. Their incessant opinion on the topic stems from confirmation bias coupled with clustering illusion. They use one-off cases to negate the vaccine’s 99% efficacy rate (NHS) and argue it is ineffective, narrowing their scope to the point where they disregard any credible sources and ethical considerations until their opinions tend to the unchangeable.

The transformation of objectivity into subjectivity manifests as an unchangeable opinion that devalues knowledge at its foundation. Building an understanding through a single perspective reflects a lack of “complete” knowledge. In some sense, these knowers practice relativism - by denouncing scientifically proven data, they add a tenor of malleability. If one is to claim the principle of established knowledge is untruthful, it would have dire consequences on all knowers, stripping constitutions of any value/purpose.

The notion that a yellow fever card unintentionally leads to a misguided outlook is well-founded, but stripping it of its scientific credibility because of a misplaced opinion comes at the cost of knowledge in its entirety. My object helps me distinguish knowledge as a scientifically proven way to navigate the world and opinion as a personal view on an established piece of knowledge, something many knowers show greater affinity for.

Object 2

23achakrabarty — 2022-06-01 10:48:37 UTC

My Ganesha idol (the Hindu god of wisdom), reflects the distinction between belief and opinion. Researching religious artifacts not only enhances but challenges our perception of ancient civilizations. Idols are now used as a supplementary resource to teach history, not as a tool used to practice religious worship. They highlight the evolution from belief to opinion in many communities.

However, there are miracles associated with idols that reverse the process, such as The Ganesha drinking milk miracle. In 1995, a statue of the deity “consumed” a spoonful of milk from a worshiper, and soon Hindus across India made offerings to their Ganesha statues. They fell into the trap of confirmation bias, favoring their religious beliefs over rational judgment because of a one-off case. This binary quality of the miraculous in regards to belief reinstates faith in believers but prevents the belief from being regarded as knowledge since empirical data points are relevant to knowledge.

Thus, beliefs are judged on different criteria - they do not lie on the same continuum as opinions. They are qualitatively different due to the knower’s level of commitment to them. Opinions are malleable while beliefs possess conviction. This claim is supported by the Taliban government’s destruction of Buddha statues in Afghanistan they deemed idols, as idolatry is not practiced in Islam. The intentional dissemination of knowledge highlights a key distinction between the terms - the willingness to be destructive to other communities of knowers to undercut their beliefs and uphold one’s own. The Taliban destroyed the idols that contradicted their culture to further their ideology by damaging the connection between knowledge and other knowers.

Therefore, the stakes are lower with opinions due to their flexibility, since they are a view on a topic, and do not encompass detrimental qualities. On the contrary, beliefs are often non-relativistic and certainly more personal. So personal they lead to conflict on a global scale.

Object 3

23achakrabarty — 2022-06-01 10:49:00 UTC

If we declare knowledge is scientifically proven information and belief is a firm, non-relativistic faith used to navigate the world, my cricket jersey falls into both categories, helping me distinguish between the two terms.

My object is emblazoned with the team captain’s name/number, and wearing sports jerseys is a tradition practiced by fans as they believe it aids their side. The superstitious quality of such lucky charms underlines the influence knowledge and belief have over behavior. A knower not implicated by this belief will not scrutinize my object under the lens of knowledge as the information presented is only available to a specific group of knowers. A group including athletes, who perform better when sporting lucky charms. This gives credence to the notion that belief empowers knowers while knowledge only enlightens them. Wearing a specific jersey to yield better results is biased, but positively. While showing indifference to knowledge is considered an impediment, putting greater trust in belief builds a greater connection between the knower (sports fans) and the knowledge (the sport).

Additionally, if the scientific community was forced to accept a lucky charm worked, they would discredit the belief and prioritize knowledge to obtain an empirical explanation. This is a further point of distinction between knowledge and belief illuminated by my object - the value of empirical data and the degree to which it influences the two respectively. Knowledge can be reshaped because it is dependent on evidence (which is accepted regardless of personal experience), but proof does not always enforce change in a belief. Knowledge is limited due to its flexible nature while belief has unparalleled conviction. Thus, should knowers be open-minded (entrust knowledge) or support their beliefs instead? Ultimately, many intellectual communities favor the latter, as belief is valued to the same extent as knowledge, even if it is given a pejorative label by other groups because they are not implicated by it.

Check out my video!

23hjlee — 2022-06-01 11:00:22 UTC

Final Video -> Comment Section

Steps: 1)Scan the QR Code 2)Join Flipgrid.

First Object: World future reports book

2022-06-01 13:09:07 UTC

The principal object is one of my books. This book is a helpful guideline for giving the Knowledge about the world future reports 2020. It explained the block-chain and AI. Like a The Millennium Project. I have a meaningful experience with this book. In 2020, I went to Korea. At that time I visited computer science exhibition hall, I saw technologies that will be useful in the future, such as blockchain technology, the development of artificial intelligence, and autonomous driving of cars due to development.

The reason why I chose this book is the book that I bought before going home from the computer science exhibition that I mentioned before. The reason is that at that time, I knew blockchain and artificial intelligence, but I didn't know so much in detail. However, after buying this book after the exhibition hall, I came home and read the book, and the contents of the future technology came into my head and I chose this book because I felt like I had read about the preparation method for the future. In addition, it is one of the books that I have been rereading little by little even now two years later.

Finally, I'll talk about how IA prompt relates with this book. In 2020, when this book came out, my belief, that is, the idea that I had believed until 2020, has changed. First of all, I thought that no matter how much information about future industries such as artificial intelligence and blockchain technology was pouring out in 2020, and technology was gradually developing, such science and technology would not change the future. But after reading this book, I learned that artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies can be developed like this in the future and help people. For this reason, this book and IA prompt are related.

Second Object: nspire-Calculator

23gylee — 2022-06-01 13:11:39 UTC

My second object for my TOK exhibition is TI-nspire CX II calculator. This calculator is a for the students who study at High school and University to calculate variety of questions. This impacted me a new knowledge. In the elementary and middle school, that time I used calculator which is the basic calculator for the add, subtract, multiple and divide. Not for the functions something learns in high school to university. When I buy this calculator and used it, I surprised because of the answer of question is easier than basic calculator.

The reason why I chose this calculator is knowing the new technology. It means that I saw this calculator at middle school age. At that time, I used basic calculator to calculate basic questions which is the add, subtract, multiple and divide. However, after I saw this npspire calculator, I have a new knowledge and change my beliefs which are the calculator could do only simple method. The most part of changing my beliefs is the graphic calculator. I never think that calculator can draw the graphic graph used by equation. Therefore, I decided this calculator to my IA object.

Finally, I will talk about how IA prompt relates with this calculator. In the past, when I am middle school student, I buy it and changed my mind and belief. First, mathematic skills are the very simple I mentioned paragraph 1 and paragraph 2, however, the reality is not simple method after I saw and used it to solve high school questions. The technological part is the most important part of changing my value which is calculator could draw the graphic using the function. Therefore, this calculator and my IA prompt are related.

Third Object: Laptop

23gylee — 2022-06-01 13:12:58 UTC

My last object for my TOK exhibition is My laptop which is LG gram. This laptop is a for the students and people to work, study, writing, edit some words and Power points. This impacted me a new technological skill. In the elementary school, that time I used Galaxy Tap pad for the elementary school study book and watch video about all of subject in elementary school. However, after I graduated elementary school my parents buy this laptop for the UISG school year 8. This is my last object for my TOK exhibition

The reason why I chose this laptop for my TOK exhibition object is knowing the new technology and changed my mind. It means that I saw this laptop after graduation of elementary school. At that time, I used pad for the study not using the internet. So, I had a new technological thing which can use internet to research about what I want to know the information about news and sports. The belief that I had at the time of elementary school was that I only had a computer at the time, so I didn't even think about a laptop that was a portable computer. After receiving the laptop, when I connected the Internet and used it, I found it more functional and easier to carry than the computer. This is why I chose my laptop for my TOK last object.

Finally, I will talk about how IA prompt relates with my laptop. In the past, when I am elementary graduated student, I got it and changed my mind and belief which is I belief people can not hold the computer and use computer in the café not in the home. However, I got laptop so, I knew the belief which is people can hold mini-computer which is laptop. The most part of changed my mind is the developing the technology which is my optional theme. Therefore, this laptop is related with IA prompt.

Introduction

2022-06-01 14:01:50 UTC

A claim is a statement of what one knows and believes, while evidence is reliable information that supports a claim. There are various forms of evidence, and although some are inherently better, its ability in supporting a claim differs. I have chosen the core theme (CT), knowledge and the knower, to focus on as evidence and its ability to support a claim are closely related to how an individual knower interacts with the community of knowers and the material world.

Object 1

2022-06-01 14:04:57 UTC

I started this time capsule in grade 6 to give future people an insight into lives in the 2010s. My time capsule, when uncovered, can guide people to formulate claims regarding life in the past, therefore, serving as evidence. However, it is not necessarily “good evidence” as removal of my personal biases is not possible.Hence, knowers of the future will have to evaluate the reliability of the evidence when acquiring knowledge from such.

The knowledge framework (KF) “Perspective” under the CT, inquires whether truth is what the majority of people accept. Since absolute truth is impossible to achieve, a version of the truth must be accepted before being replaced by a paradigm shift. Thus, good evidence may not be the one providing the real truth, but instead, a truth accepted by the majority. If my time capsule is the only one uncovered, although it, as evidence, is limited in providing the real truth, it will have to be accepted as it is the only evidence available. As the claim formulated through my time capsule passes on and is accepted by others, the weak evidence creates an accepted truth allowing it to temporarily become “good”.

Often, certainty is the most important factor in distinguishing good and poor evidence for a claim. However, valuing certainty can also cause us to disregard limited evidence that provides important knowledge.

When only one verification is available, the majority will tend to accept the knowledge acquired from such, making it provisional “good” evidence. However, outside of this context, evidence, laden with personal biases, is “bad” evidence to a claim.

Object 2

2022-06-01 14:05:37 UTC

This is a pack of throat candies I often eat to soothe throat aches. Here, I believe in the object’s claim that it can help relieve the pain in my throat because of the assumption from the product being labelled “throat candy” (evidence and claim) and due to my anecdotal evidence of feeling better after consumption. However, a discerning knower should refer to the drug mechanism to truly evaluate its effectiveness.

The KF “Scope” of the CT inquires the criteria we use to distinguish between knowledge, belief, and opinion. At first, the throat candy is perceived effective, and that is consensual among a group; thus, the opinion becomes a belief. However, for such belief to become knowledge — hence, factually correct — good evidence must further support it, such as the product’s physical composition. Especially due to the possible placebo effect, labelling and anecdotal experience are insufficient. Instead, further research of the candy’s mechanism and assessment indicating causation over correlation should be made.

Justification provides the necessity for critical thinking when discerning a claim or evidence, preventing mindless acceptance. However, misguided justification through lack of further consultation (as seen) may wrongly lead people and their greater community into believing the factuality of a false claim.

Hence, further corroboration for either the claim or the evidence should be provided to increase the reliability of said evidence, and the presence or lack thereof helps distinguish between “good” and “weak” evidence. As no proof further supports my label-and-anecdote-based evidence, it cannot be considered “good”.

Object 3

2022-06-01 14:06:13 UTC

This is my experiment results from a chemistry experiment conducted during online learning to understand chemical kinetics. As based on empirical observations and compared against replications of other students - both integral aspects of the scientific process - my results should provide good evidence to a claim. However, the results opposed the established scientific knowledge. After assessing the accuracy of the followed procedure, my teacher and I found fault in the various baking soda which were used in replacement of the commercially-unavailable pure sodium bicarbonate.

The KF “Methods and Tools” of the CT inquires “what constitutes as a good reason for us to accept a claim”. My results gathered through the experiment is empirical evidence, which although flawed, often offers believable evidence that provides a good reason for a claim to be accepted. This believability was further augmented by the consensus in the gathered results from over 10 students who replicated the experiment. Under usual circumstances, such evidence would be a good reason for a claim to be accepted. However, the claim produced from the results differed from established scientific knowledge due to the inaccuracies in the materials that were used.

Objectivity, achieved through scientific process, often provides most socially-believed “pure” and “accurate” form of evidence. However, objectivity may cause misinformation to be accepted (as seen), since when methods are not assessed for accuracy, objectively false results may be produced.

Hence, although empirical conclusions and replication is an integral part of the widely accepted scientific method, evaluation into the precision of method and tools used is necessary when determining “good” evidence.

Conclusion

2022-06-01 14:06:28 UTC

In conclusion, there is no all-encompassing form of evidence which will always be “good” at supporting a claim, instead there are a multitude of factors that must be considered. The time capsule showed even a flawed evidence becomes “good” when there is a lack of evidence; the throat candies showed the need for further verification in support of either the claim or evidence; the experiment results showed the need to assess the accuracy in the methodology.

2022-06-01 15:32:09 UTC

2022-06-01 15:32:25 UTC

The second object which I chose is my Chinese test paper. Simply, this test is created by my Korean middle school to assess student achievements in course work. Students get grades according to the result of tests. For example, If you do well, you will get A, if you spoil the exam, you will get D. In my case, I got C. It means, my academic achievement in Chinese is not good enough. But I did my best in Chinese, therefore I was very frustrated and disappointed. Therefore this experience is one of the bad memories in my life. This situation proves that negative experiences can hinder the acquirement of knowledge. Like the first object, people who have learned the specific knowledge steadily can expand their knowledge. In my case, I can learn more Chinese by doing more studies based on what I did. For example, because I know some Chinese words, I can write sentences by learning Chinese grammar. However, I failed to expand my knowledge. Because I created stereotypes by myself based on the test score. I thought that I do not have any talent in Chinese because I did not pass just a simple test. So it is useless studying Chinese. As a result, even though I have lived in China for almost 2 years, I am still not good at speaking Chinese. It is clear that the experience affects the attitude toward studying. The letter "c" written on the paper became one of the factors that change my perspective on studying Chinese. If I got a better score on the test, It may incentive me to work hard. As a result experience act as one incentive factor or hindrance factor to accepting knowledge. In terms of language, learning a language requires a lot of effort, therefore If experience helps to motivate yourself, learning the language is done more quickly and well.

2022-06-01 15:32:39 UTC

2022-06-01 15:37:39 UTC

The image shows the pan and paper textbook that I have used for studying. Before, digital devices distribute widely, using paper books and writing supplies was general. Even though Digital devices had started to supply extensively, South Korea, where I lived, was stringent about using digital devices in the classroom. Thus using paper books and writing supplies is very familiar to me. By experiencing digital devices like iPad, It is possible to wonder why the school uses not digital devices for learning. But, I used the pan and textbook without any repulsion. In South Korea, using pan and textbooks is very natural. Furthermore, everyone uses them for studying. Therefore I did not have any doubt. Second, Using them is very effective to study for me. Highlighting on the paper textbook directly and writing important things help me to remember and organize the learning. Because of these reasons, I became an advocator of using pen and paper textbooks.

However, others have different views about using paper textbooks and pens. Because they have different experiences contrasting my experiences. For example, in the case of my friend, is in the trouble because of the paper textbook. He often got scolded by the teacher in class because he left the textbook at home often. Also because of the water, the memo in the textbook was erased. As a result, he had a skeptical view of using textbooks. Even though not bringing the textbook is his fault, he had started to imagine the disadvantage of using the paper textbook. Because he did not want to admit his fault. Therefore like confirmation bias, he starts to think only of the evidence supporting his thoughts.

Even though objects are the same, the knowledge that was created by me and my friends is totally different. So, we can guess the base of the knowledge is experience, however, it does not mean the experience is dominant. Because as I mentioned in the case of confirmation bias, once knowledge is created people start to find only evidence or experience supporting their ideas. As result, in this case, knowledge creates evidence.

2022-06-01 15:37:54 UTC

Introduction

2022-06-01 17:17:14 UTC

I chose the TOK prompt: ‘What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge?.’ This exhibition develops the idea of the prompt by exploring knowledge and language, and especially the factors that hinder the pursuit of knowledge regarding languages. Languages are the fundamental tools that we use to communicate, interpret, and pursue knowledge; consequently, however, it sometimes becomes one of the critical constraints on the pursuit of knowledge in several ways.

Object 1

2022-06-01 17:17:47 UTC

This object is my vocabulary book of English translated into Korean for people who prepare TOEFL, civil service, etc. In general, vocabulary is the first tool when we are learning a new language to achieve further goals such as migration, cultures, degrees, and so on. This is because the use of words enables basic communication. However, the connection between this object and the prompt that I pointed out is beyond the mere pursuit of interpersonal knowledge such as informal communication. What lies above the interpersonal knowledge is the academic knowledge and it directs an example of constraints on the pursuit of knowledge.

When it comes to academic knowledge, the learning requires more far-reaching and more profound usage of language, not only suggesting that it demands professional vocabulary but also highlighting on the importance of appropriateness of its usage in the learning. This is called ‘contextualization’.

As the vocabulary is obviously made for Korean, many people in Korea and I use this book for the aforementioned purposes. However, as Korea is not the Anglosphere, there are some difficulties when people go abroad and use English. The difficulties can be interpreted as the issue of authentic communication, which is based on contextualizing skills that enable smooth interpretation and conveyance of language. Then, when the ability of using language for authentic communication is compromised, an issue arises that “can knowledge be learnt through the rote learning of language?”. It highlights on the limitation of rote learning in the real-life application for knowledge. For example, Korean friends who were successful in Korea’s curriculum, which is based on the rote learning, faced difficulties in learning authentic knowledge when they came to abroad.

Object 2

2022-06-01 17:18:44 UTC

This object is my Bible translated into Korean that my parents gave me. The Bible is a collection of religious texts or scriptures sacred in Christianity. It was originally written in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek. Nowadays, the full version of the Bible is translated into 704 languages to disseminate Christianity all over the world. As a result, the translation of the Bible enabled people including my family to contact Christianity and learn new knowledge through the Word of God.

Nevertheless, the quality of the Bible that makes it a constraint on the pursuit of knowledge arises from the radical nature of the Bible, ‘Abstraction’. Abstraction, in general, is understood to be having knowledge or concept without concreteness. This viewpoint focuses on the difference between abstract knowledge and concrete knowledge. The issue is that the abstract knowledge that the Bible conveys to people is so vague that it sometimes makes Christians detour while wanting to follow the actual Word of God.

In terms of translation, the translated Bible will inevitably demonstrate some parts of the Word of God that are different from the original meaning. This is on account of the consequences arising from the linguistic differences, highlighting that even a few misuses/mismatches of the superficial meaning of a word from different languages and the intended meaning of the Bible to translate can lead to an entirely different interpretation; especially when it involves abstraction or abstract knowledge. In other words, the use of literal meaning of a word varies the projection of interpretation because abstraction requires more precision compared to physical objects.

On the other hand, abstract knowledge, which may be vague as mentioned, can be viewed as the feature creating the room for the limitless interpretation of the Word of God. It is based on the uncertainty of what the ‘actual and/or original meaning of Word of God’ is to build concrete knowledge from abstract knowledge.

Object 3

2022-06-01 17:19:39 UTC

This object is a bag of a chip presenting Korean on the bag that I found in a store in China. I put the name of this object as ‘Korean-pretending’ because I could see the misusage of Korean on the envelope clearly. It is trying to say Korean – style — flavor, but it is saying Korean — language — flavor, and they only used word ‘delicious’, which looks very awkward grammatically for Korean-speakers to end up with a single adjective, in the centre.

This ridiculous chip was intriguing to fit in this exhibition because other language speakers deemed it as a Korean style/brand chip when I showed them this object just because Korean is written on the envelope while my Korean friends noticed the ridiculousness of the chip as soon as I showed them the same object. These two contrary reactions from my peers made me think about the power of ‘Assumptions’ made by the languages we use. Especially, the assumptions based on languages set our perception, leading to a great impact on the learning of knowledge.

When it comes to looking at the company that produced the chip, they may have already noticed that they will be earning money from consumers that want Korean chips but are unable to recognize the awkward use of Korean – the lack of authenticity of the used Korean on the envelope. Apart from ethical issues, it suggests the impact of assumptions in different contexts. In economics and business, all consumers are seeking for rational choices based on their self-interest for satisfaction, and it requires knowledge and information. However, as this object exemplifies the misunderstanding of knowledge, the misled assumptions can result in negative implications for people who made the assumptions while pursuing knowledge for their interests.

Object 1

2022-06-02 00:09:31 UTC

Having a baby sister I have found out how limiting a child's ability to explore and feed curiosity has an effect on the development and acquisition of knowledge, I understood she was unhappy with being in the crate; It limits the ability to acquire new knowledge by exploring and takes freedom away from a child whilst giving parents freedom. There must be a balance in freedom between people, as humans are naturally social and curious creators therefore there must be regulations set as without regulations/rules there may wreak havoc. Values can positively influence the production of knowledge by motivating human attempts at exploration and innovation. Values may determine what knowledge we choose to seek. I argue that having a baby cage may provide an obstacle in production of knowledge, this is not necessarily a negative as this way the children in the cages are able to grasp the concept of limitations and find ways to overcome obstacles and limitations in life through creative thinking. I am bias towards this object as I have witnessed my baby sister being limited to acquiring new knowledge and I believe it is a negative although it may be used with a balance and then it is a chance for the child to grow and also witness how rational adults act, learning and copying their mannerisms. In the case of a child, logistic and rational bias opinions may not be so prominent yet so the legal parents or guardians decide the values for them, this may bring up various issues and uncertainties such as the parents/guardians not always having the right priorities themselves, when having a child there must be a balance of the care takers values and child development, children should have the opportunity to shape their own values growing up meaning a certain amount of freedom shall be given yet at the same time, ensure that the child is headed in the right direction and learns from mistakes and negative experiences instead of continuedly repeating them and shaping the wrong values. If a person creates “bad” values from an early stage their perception of life and ways of gaining new knowledge may be leading to negative effects instead of positive.

Object 2

2022-06-02 00:09:55 UTC

The value people hold in their faith and religion effects the way they perceive the world and acquire new knowledge. Hypothetically speaking, if one was to tell a person they have won the lottery and they are extremely religious they would not account for this luck in a mathematical perspective of chances, they would believe it is gods work and now perceive the situation in whatever way they want, making the possibilities/reasons on why they've won extremely broad as well as feeling that they have been "blessed" for a reason and would continue living their life relatively the same because they feel as if they are on the right track; where as an atheist in this situation may believe it just to be luck and would not change their ways of life completely. The way a person acquires knowledge depends on their values and priorities before anything else making everyone different and creating individualism. As an atheist myself I stand on an un-bias point of view when it comes to religion as I have witnessed my mother be extremely religious at one point in her life and my father have an agnostic stand point, I believe that religion is a perfect example of how a person’s values may affect one’s ability to gain new knowledge in a positive and a negative light; religion is something that many commit their mindset to completely and surrender their “intrusive” thoughts to be able to follow and believe what their religion is telling them, this may mean good and bad as religion is extremely subjective and varies from person to person and what value they provide religion, a person that follows their religion whole heartedly denies paths to any other ways of gaining knowledge because whatever knowledge they acquire will be seen through a lenses and a filter, although it may have many positives the person chooses to deny other possibilities which limits the knowledge that they are able to acquire, same goes for a non-religious person.

Object 3

2022-06-02 00:10:16 UTC

The value we hold within a physical object determines what and how much information we choose to gather from said object. With the use of my school white board I am able to confidently say that some students value the content on the white board much more then others, some student value the content to a great extent and have a strong relationship with it whilst other students only see words that they have to memorize, the reasons for this may vary. However much we value the information will change our ways of acquiring new knowledge. The school system is built with a set curriculum for what to teach students and forces us to acquire knowledge through the systems values, this sets major limitations on students to acquire knowledge with their own perspectives and values. I believe that setting limitations on a developing brain to find things out things they are interested in could be the best way forward in schools. The modern day school education system is not good nor bad as it helps children and adolescent teenagers become valuable members of society as well have give general knowledge about the world and basics to communication, thought organization, critical thinking and general knowledge such as math that is required for one to function as a member in our society. If two people with a school degree were to attempt to build a house and were given all the materials needed, the likelihood of the house being stable and liveable in are generally quite high as both the people have a background in things such as physics, mathematics, arts and design; The house may not turn out good looking or too resistant to harsh weather conditions but it is very possible for people with a regular school degree to build it, which may be considered a positive, on the other hand I believe the limitations that school systems provide are absolutely absurd and deny students to follow their passions and become truly great as something as there are mandatory regulations and curriculums set by high authorities.

Object 1

2022-06-02 01:28:40 UTC

The first object that I chose was a medicine. It’s a significant object that symbolizes the improvement of new knowledge in modern society, showing how people’s belief were changed. This medicine was used to prevent heart disease, I can easily get it through hospitals and pharmacy, but back in history due to the lack of knowledge most treatment seems to be built on beliefs and religion.

Back in Medieval time, due to the spread of religion sickness was considered as demon possession, rather than taking treatment people will pray faithfully for cure. Through the development of knowledge on natural science people eventually change their idea from believing church to hospitals. However, even though new knowledge can alter people’s attitude, it's hard to separate the influence of belief, hence affecting people’s acquisition toward knowledge.

People’s belief can be influenced, but it’s hard to refreshing it into a new mindset, hence, placebo effect could occur. When I went to hospital to buy medicines, I heard people thankfully said “Thank God” when they gain their treatment. Undoubtedly the establishment of new knowledge changed people’s attitude toward health, but inside they still have the intention that the cure was brought from god, which affects the accessibility of new knowledge.

Some people believed the advance of natural science lead people become more logical and less dependent toward religion, allowing more discoveries on practical rather than theology. However, there’re also people believed that beliefs could be useful on explaining spiritual and philosophical thoughts, which are hard to explain by current knowledge, such as afterlife. Before diagnoses, I’m not religious yet I still fear about fate, but this eventually changes when I gain direct knowledge on how to solve it, which is the use of medicine.

Object 2

2022-06-02 01:28:59 UTC

The second object was a picture of a woman working inside an office, my sister study law as her major in college for aiming better women rights in the society. The rise of new political knowledge toward gender equality allowing me and my sister gain opportunity to get educated and able to work. However, back in 100 years ago China’s society shows a different attitude toward women.

Back in China’s history, “Confucianism”was an important religion, an ideology of etiquette and ethics. Inside the religion, it was believed that different gender has different characteristics, therefore it determines their position in society. Those ideas gradually changed and result in gender inequality. During past women were believed to better be uneducated, because it will be easier for them to focus on housework and to serve the family. The political environment also leads the society to value men more than women, however, during those turmoil, a rise of change in political knowledge impacted gender equality again. During turmoil, every mankind is a source of labor. During this period women gain ability to show their knowledge and development for the country. Through those political change, new knowledge from western culture also awakens feminism for equal gender rights.

Eventually new political knowledge lead women to gain more opportunity, but previous beliefs still exist as a form of stereotype. Some People living in elder age still contain feudal thoughts that believed women should be “Selfless” and “Tolerant”, leading them to belittle women’s accomplishment. Confirmation bias occurs as a result of stereotype, where people only accept its own knowledge through its perspective, leading a biased view on women, which can happen in a working environment where women are easier to get harassed and not valued at work. However, through the growth of a new generation political environment started to reform frequently, allowing more opportunity for gender equality.

Object 3

2022-06-02 01:29:23 UTC

The third object was an artwork created by Piet Mondrian named “Broadway Boogie Woogie”. It was one of my artwork that I analyzed before, leading me to have a greater understanding about how the change of knowledge impact artist’s value on art. At first I’m confused toward this artwork due to its simplicity, modern art was mysterious for me, as it appears difference with previous art styles.

Back in Renaissance and Medieval time, most artworks were created as a tool for courts and churches to spread religion. Most artworks appears to be delicate to emphasize the sacred of god. However, through the rise of knowledge, artist started to reflect the value of the creation of art. During the age of Enlightenment, the rise of scientific knowledge lead artist to develop their own art style without restrictions toward religion, “Broadway Boogie Woogie”is an artwork that involves geometry with the use of lines. Undoubtedly due to how Piet Mondrian breaks previous barrier of art, his artwork was valuable for artists and art history.

However, a lot of public believed, modern abstract artworks are enigmatic, where some are just random scribbles. They more preferred aesthetic valuable artwork created in previous stage that appears more exquisite art styles. However, for artist it become more important to develop more theoretical art styles that haven’t been discovered before, to break the previous rules, such as the relation with religion. It’s controversial on whether this artwork involves use of new knowledge show same aesthetic value with delicate artworks created in the Rococo period. Apparently this artwork is a shown of change in value for artists on exploring new demonstration of art, but it’s hard to determine on whether the public appreciates this change, as art and aesthetic is personality that’s hard to determine.

Object 1: “New York Magazine”

2022-06-02 02:01:05 UTC

The photo on the left shows the homepage of “New York Magazine”, that shows the most recent articles written by anonymous authors. In order for the authors to attract the readers to click on their article for view, the most commonly used method in any type of article is ‘clickbait’. The use of clickbait is directly linked to the language because it is caused by the extreme word choices made to seem attracting. Meaning that most biases are conveyed by the use of languages. People who get to read an article with bias will likely have their knowledge affected, because it is the first information attempted for them. Many people tend to believe the first information of knowledge we attempt and tries to view the world with that information. However, there are also many anonymously written articles that do not show any bias and written from the perspective of third person. In this case, bias is not really affecting the production of knowledge of people. For instance, I have access to an anonymously written article that gave information about rules to keep during COVIP-19. It has been stated that once we get vaccinated, we will never get positive for COVID-19. After reading the article, I have become more unconscious about COVID-19 after getting vaccinated and felt free from it. However, looking at the situation in South Korea, although most people are vaccinated, many are positive-signed. Linking my personal knowledge about vaccination to COVID-19, I am currently taking a biology class at school, and learning theories and evidence that are approved by scientists. Due to my knowledge of science, I have a bias that scientists stand for credibility, therefore, I have also been believing that what scientists say are always correct, so vaccinations produced by scientists will guarantee for my safety from COVID-19. The biased communication of article made me to link its information between my personal biased knowledge, which affected production of knowledge.

Object 2: Math textbook

2022-06-02 02:01:24 UTC

The second object that I have chosen is a math textbook. We hear math subject as a hard and difficult subject, therefore, before learning any content, due to the bias that people communicate that math is a hard subject, makes people feel more depressed, and have no willingness in learning the content. When this happens, the poor behavior we had on the subject will affect our ability to be poor, therefore, it may also affect our future like getting jobs. Here, how people talk with specific language choices and how we hear affects our performance and behavior. The bias showed in my situation was anchoring bias. For instance, a person reading an article about invasion of Japan to Korea written by Korean would tend to believe the first knowledge that is communicated to them. Whether it is biased or not, people are overly influenced by the first piece of information that they hear and is likely to view Japanese to be such a bad and evil people although there are many nice people in Japan. However, Japanese reading this article would be exceptional, because they have different knowledge created, and would feel the opposite way from Koreans about the invasion to Korea. Like this example, bias is a powerful factor in controlling people’s minds, which can sometimes affect people in a harmful way. Linking to my personal connection, I also used to be a student who hated math because of the bias created by surrounding people who were hard-going on math, talking about negative sides. Only due to how language was communicated to me, bias was inevitable when I have tried working hard on math. The use of language is one of the factors that bias is unavoidable always, hence may affect the production of knowledge of a person.

Object 3: Animal Farm from George Orwell

2022-06-02 02:01:45 UTC

Animal farm is a novel written to reflect on the Russian Revolution which occurred in 1917. The novel portrayed the specific elements of the historical context from the use of animals; however, the problem was that George Orwell has written the novel to criticize the actions of Russia mainly. Since because of the negative perspectives that the author had on the Soviet Union, his bias was inevitable in describing the event of Russian revolution, therefore showing many exaggerations and deteriorated facts through the use of language and different word choices. This means that the production of knowledge of readers who understands the historical context behind the animal farm would be affected by how the information is represented in the novel. It can become a problem because new negative knowledge that is produced among the readers may affect how they view Russia today. However, there are also exceptions to this situation, such as people who do not understand the historical background of animal farm or people that does not care about what has happened in the past. I have read this book through English class; therefore, I am also one of the people who are affected by knowledge from this novel. Examples of exaggerations in the novel would be the actions Napoleon took after becoming the leader of the farm, killing other animals, giving an unequal portion of food, and assigning other animals massively large amounts of farm work. The problem is that it was not this extreme among the leaders during the Russian revolution. Only from the novel that communicated with unavoidable bias created by the author, at that time, my attitude of disliking the country and the people of Russia was shown when I met Russian, although I have tried not to. Biases communicated by language can give a great impact on people’s perspectives on the production of specific facts and their lifestyles.

Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?

2022-06-02 02:54:17 UTC

Introduction:
Knowledge can be defined as something either someone or a group of people produced to explain different concepts such as the way humans interact and physical nature[1]. Values refers to the subjective beliefs about what should be considered as valuable and important or what is right or wrong, and belief is the acceptance that something exists or is true. Different values or beliefs can be affected by the new knowledge in different degrees and ways. This exhibition will explore this IA prompt by focusing on the core theme knowledge and knowers, more specifically focusing on whether and how the knowledge influences the knower’s values or beliefs.

[1] https://www.studocu.com/row/document/international-baccalaureate-diploma-programme/theory-of-knowledge/tok-definitions/9217246

First object

23thliem — 2022-06-02 02:55:14 UTC

The first object chosen is vinegar. My mother recalled that for the very first time I smelled vinegar, I have already responded with dislike before knowing anything about vinegar. The situation is not changed even when I grew older. I obtained more knowledge about vinegar, from its invention background to its benefits to human’s health. However, I still found it hard to appreciate the smell and the taste of seasoning.

New discoveries can change established values such as enrich the back knowledge of stuff but can hardly change people’s subjective opinion towards the same object. I uncovered the truth that vinegar is the product that challenge our existing beliefs which capture my attention and I started to understand the value of vinegar which was fascinating. Vinegar was discovered by Heita accidentally and surprisingly, the base of vinegar is wine as Heita attempts to store the lees – a left products from wine making and soaked it in a jar. If Heita strictly stick with the wine producing process, he would find it hard to discover anything new and absent the investigation of the benefits of vinegar. However, even though I understand that vinegar has fascinating back story and being acknowledged that the addition of vinegar is beneficial to health, the unpleasant intuitive reaction to the pungent smell of vinegar still exists and I am reluctant to have a sip of it. Between my strongly subjective feelings and my newly established value, I prioritized my instinct which can hardly be changed, even after acquiring more information of vinegar. Therefore, when values are highly subjective, the acquisition of new knowledge could hardly be available, and the objectivity could not be achieved.

Second object

23thliem — 2022-06-02 02:55:36 UTC

However, common mindset is not that unchangeable especially when the established value is not factual.

The second object chosen for demonstration is the photo of princess Diana shaking AIDS patient’s hand without wearing gloves, published on Guangzhou Daily in 2014. The moment is emblematic of Diana’s compassion, as she cared for others and treated AIDS patient with dignity. This gesture challenged established but incorrect belief that AIDS was “untouchable”.

In ethics, I believe that it is the knowers’ responsibility to popularize the factual knowledge, especially when the new knowledge contributes to improve the society. Before the picture being shooted, AIDS was wrongly propagandized as deadly and incurable disease which transmitted to innocent through any kinds of contact. In 1987, Diana attempted to aid the in need through operating the UK's first AIDS center at Middlesex Hospital in London. She even proved that physical contact did not spread the disease which challenged the contextualized believes towards this disease by shaking hands with patient. Because Diana was a public figure with worldwide popularity, social media and general public started to review the existing knowledge towards AIDS and further confirmed that AIDS will only be transmitted through sexual intercourse, pregnancy and blood donation, but not handshake or air. Diana showed respect to AIDS patients by regaining their self-esteem and challenged the ignorance of the source of misinformation.

Thus, if the existing values are not true at the first place, paradox will be challenged and the previous beliefs are highly likely to be shaken or even overturned. Beliefs are based on people's actual experience and sometimes speculating the ignorance such as superstition, the truth on the other hand, remains authentic regardless being acknowledged or not.

Third object

23thliem — 2022-06-02 02:57:48 UTC

However, common mindset is not that unchangeable especially when the established value is not factual.

Object 1:

2022-06-02 02:57:59 UTC

The object is a bracelet that was given to me by my friends, to create awareness of the legalization of homosexuality in the community. The rainbow color of the bracelet symbolizes the encouragement of people to accept homosexuality which is not accepted by the traditional values. I heard people preach a lot on the streets about how sexual orientation is genetically altered and suggesting the normality of homosexuality. Even though I am neutral and open to the new ideas, my parents still refuse to let me wear the bracelet. This shows that sometimes the older you get the harder you will be at updating your established beliefs to accept new beliefs.

In ethics, I believe that it is the knowers’ responsibility to popularize the knowledge, especially when the new knowledge can help to improve the society. This is exemplified in this object. The point of this bracelet is to promote the acceptance of homosexuality and spread new knowledge of biological facts about sexual orientation. These knowers aim to change the established bad impression of homosexuality and create a more equal society.

However, when values were established based on stronger subjective social cultures or educational environments, it is very subjectivity in people’s minds and make it difficult for people to change their values according to objective facts, including new scientific discoveries and knowledge. Therefore, when values are shaped by things that tend to subjective, the acquisition of new knowledge can hardly affect people’s belief and values.

Object 2:

2022-06-02 02:58:26 UTC

The second object is a flask with a curved neck (swan-neck). I did an experiment with this bottle in Year 8’s biology class. I can see clear evidence showing that no living cells can appear when no other cells can enter the flask, which further suggesting that all living cells come from the pre-existing cells. This experiment was first conducted by Pasteur the scientist, and it completely overturned a belief at that time which was that life is originated from nonliving things in a spontaneous manner. This old established fact is overturned by the values of the new research updating the new established belief.

In method and tool, advanced and developed material tools can getting more accurate conclusions and create significant knowledge in the experiments. Comparing to ancient philosophers, Pasteur managed to get a conclusion by using developed instruments of swan-neck flask.

The new knowledge produced by tools overturned the old traditional beliefs of intellectual. Therefore, the development of tools can promote the production and acquisition of knowledge to a great extent.

The beliefs about the how life is create was established is based on people’s actual experience and speculation about unknown, therefore those knowledge lack of accuracy and logic, and was based on possibilities. And because the new knowledge produced by Pasteur’s experiment is scientifically accurate and logical, previous beliefs can be greatly shaken or even be overturned, because the experiment could reach the objectivity and pertinence that observation and speculation cannot achieve.

Therefore, when the established beliefs are based on possible speculations, new knowledge can have a significant impact on previous beliefs.

Object 3:

2022-06-02 02:58:47 UTC

The third object is a terrestrial globe in my room. It pushed me to be open minded and read a lot about the process of the discovery of new knowledge. In the past, many people started to establish beliefs on the earth being flat through early sailing experience and geometric methods, disregarding the knowledge of gravity as it is not something that can be seen with limited scientific understanding in the past. While time progress, Galileo used the telescope to observe the other planet and he made and further evidence that the earth is spherical using his observations of the other planets. Later, with the development of scientific methods, scientists proved the sphericity of the earth more directly by measuring the curvature of the earth's sea level.

In scope, proving that the earth is round are having great significance to mankind. It has contributed to the formation of mankind's concept of the world and provided an advantage for mankind to observe nature to a certain extent. The appearance of the globe helps us visualize the shape of the earth, which plays an important role in climate prediction.

The process of discovery of the Earth’s shape shows how the production of new knowledge can reinforce people’s beliefs, when the beliefs are established based on objective rational reasoning, which means that the beliefs itself reaches the level of objectivity. In this case, new knowledge can constantly confirm and improves people's beliefs, which make people more firmly believe their value.

All beliefs and values change come from the knower. For the knowers, when their values are highly subjective, they always unable to accept the new knowledge. For the theoretical belief, new knowledge will often shake the heart of the knower, which is precisely because the theoretical knowledge does not have enough demonstration basis. When the belief gives sufficient theoretical knowledge, new knowledge will only continuously strengthen the knower's belief. Whether new knowledge can change the established values and beliefs is often based on knower’s values and beliefs.

Introduction

2022-06-02 03:00:13 UTC

The two underlying assumptions of this prompt hint that a) knowledge is and can be sought, and b) what is being sought is in fact “knowledge”. This prompt encourages us not only to question the plethora of reasons for which one might seek knowledge but also what each reason tells us about the nature and merit of knowledge. For some, the desire for knowledge might be driven by survival, for others, it might be for recognition, and to some more, knowledge might be an end in itself.

Introduction

2022-06-02 03:02:13 UTC

The Tok prompt I selected is “Are some types of knowledges less open to interpretation than others. “ Interpretation is people's self - understanding of established facts. Knowledge can solve all kinds of problems.

Some knowledge has become a habit in our brain. Some knowledge could be unfamiliar and uncertain to us. They will clash. This process often produces many different understandings due to the inaccuracy of previous understanding cause by various factors. The optional theme of this exhibition is knowledge and language. The reason why I choose this OT is because language is an important component in knowledge interpretation.

Most knowledge is spread by language. Clear and precise language can clearly spread information to us, so it will reduce our wrong understanding of new knowledge we encounter. However, language can sometimes limit our thinking about certain knowledge.

Object 1

2022-06-02 03:13:08 UTC

This is Pokémon Trading card. In real world, this object is used to collect and play Pokémon card game. The relationship between me and the object is that the object helps me get more knowledge about rules of this particular card game.

Most players know exactly what a card is for from its written description / pictures. They in a sense have a uniform interpretation. Although this description is limited, it can be said to be correct and has enough information for players to justify their moves. Therefore, although information / knowledge is provided, the winning (good interpretation) or losing of the game still depends on the player’s ability to interpret the information on the card.

People use language to understand these rules. As a kind of language, the text on the card convey the knowledge related to the card to others.

From perspective, I choose “If a language disappears, will the knowledge related to the language become difficult to explain or disappear?” to guide me.

If the language disappears, it means there will be no words on the card or become words we have never seen before but this will not lead us to have our own understanding of this object, because even without words, we know that this is a card through its pictorial language / information and through our previous experience with it. If the text disappears, we still have vision, pictorial knowledge as an auxiliary tool to help us understand the knowledge.

Tok concept is Culture. The Culture of Pokémon Card player allow more creative understanding of the cards to win game. However, culture here is very much open to interpretation. Player in combing the cards in different combinations plays a stronger role.

Interpretation of the pictorial and written language in this object, even though it can be said to be objective, the way the player combines and works the card largely depends on interpretation of the player to win the game / battle.

Object 2

2022-06-02 03:13:52 UTC

This is Chinese history book. This object is used to find historical information. This is a history book I used in junior high school. I use this object to learn Chinese history.

This object is a Chinese history book. Because the history recorded in this book is described from a Chinese perspective, some historical knowledge recorded in this book might not be objective. People in other countries may have different interpretations. This leads to the history being open to interpretation as people in other countries may have other understandings. Historical knowledge is different for people in different countries and cultures for example due to if the country win the war or lose the war. There are different views on the same period of history, because the understanding of history is based on people's selection of evidences, different identities, their individual biases and what gains they have from distorting history.

History books record the history of a country through words. But the object of Chinese history book has certain restrictions. Because of different languages, knowledge may not be transmitted to people in other countries.

From methods and tools, I choose “In what ways does language prevent us from acquiring knowledge?” to guide me. Different languages will prevent us from acquiring knowledge. We have our own understanding of the knowledge recorded in this object.

Tok concept is certainty. The certainty of history can help people less open to interpretation, but the history recorded in history books between different countries is narrated from different angles, which produces the history of the same time have different narration, which leads to interpretation.

Most of the content in this object is subjective, so different identities will lead people to approve or disapprove of what is written in this book.

Object 3

2022-06-02 03:14:38 UTC

This is Math formula booklet. This object is used to help us solve mathematical problem. I use this object to help me calculate and Solve mathematical problems.

This object is a booklet of mathematical formulas. Mathematical formulas and axioms are universally recognized and is less open for interpretation. When I was in local school, our teachers make us pair problems with exact solutions. When I come to an international school, our maths teachers teach us that we can have many formulas to the same problem. Even though Mathematical formulas unify people's understanding, I now understand that the use of mathematical formulas can also be open for interpretation, as in which formulas I can choose to address the same mathematical problem. However, sometimes, we need to consider whether our choice can be used correctly, which needs to be based on interpretation that we gain from more experience with the mathematical problems.

Mathematical symbols belong to a special language. If we have learned relevant mathematical knowledge, then we know what these symbols mean in mathematics. This object conveys knowledge to us through these mathematical symbols.

From scope, I use “Is it impossible to spread knowledge without using language?” to guide me. Mathematical symbols cannot be regarded as language in the traditional sense, but it also proves mathematical symbols can also spread information

Tok concept is explanation. When we use this object to help us explain, it will strengthen our understanding of this object, and unified formula will make our understanding unified. But unified formula will limit our thinking.

The mathematical formula in this object is completely objective and recognized by everyone, so the mathematical formula is largely not open for interpretation

Outro

2022-06-02 03:15:04 UTC

These three objects all prove that language helps us explain difficult knowledge. Difference between 3 objects is object 2 is language sometimes helps us acquire knowledge, but it also hinders us from acquiring knowledge.

Some knowledge is difficult to explain, because various factors cause people cannot fully explain these knowledges The particularity and uniqueness of these knowledges make it difficult to understand.

2022-06-02 03:45:09 UTC

Object 1: Digital Map of my Town

2022-06-02 03:59:59 UTC

Knowledge can be pursued for practical reasons, namely, to satisfy physiological needs. Since self-preservation is arguably a priority for all humans, it is essential that we equip ourselves with the basic knowledge to survive. The digital map displays key locations of my town such as the train station, stadium, shopping mall, and more, and helps guide me home. As an accessible object, this map serves the exhibition by testifying to knowledge’s worth as a means of survival.
Just as children need to learn that electrical sockets are dangerous, and animals need to master the skill of hunting, we as knowers need to seek knowledge to survive. Based on the community we belong to, our specific survival needs will be different. For me, the need for public transportation is prominent, hence I seek this geographical knowledge to navigate myself. However, this would imply that knowledge is a mere means to an end and a temporary tool. Will we continue to seek knowledge if our ends are met, or if our destination is reached? This could mean that concepts of excellency and improvement will lose meaning when we abandon the thought and lose the desire to seek more knowledge due to how comfortable we are with just surviving. If I memorize the train routes of my town and stop using my map, I risk missing new updates about new routes that are more convenient. This view potentially limits our development as knowers in our communities.

The regard for knowledge as a tool also implies the possibility of monetization. This demand for knowledge translates into leverage for those who currently possess knowledge. Conceivably, ethical complications arise which highlight the inequitable favoring of the rich, powerful, and educated as the underprivileged continue to struggle in their acquisition of knowledge.

Object 1: Federal Policy For the Protection of Human Subjects

23rhou — 2022-06-02 06:16:56 UTC

This is a document of federal policy for the protection of human subjects published by a combination of government departments. When conducting an experiment with human subjects, there are ethical considerations and restrictions aimed to protect the participants. For instance, the consent form is required in any sort of experiment. The consent form is to make sure all participants are aware that they are taking part in an experiment and they give consent for researchers to conduct the experiment.

Experiments is a very effective way to collect primary data, develop cause-and-effect relationships that could either come up with a new piece of information that generates new knowledge or proves prior existing knowledge. However, in some experiments, the subjects might face a certain amount of harm either physically or mentally. In order to prevent enormous harm on the participants, the policy sets some rules to restrict the extent of which the experiment can be carried out depending on the amount of harm brought to the subjects.

In the field of politics and knowledge, policies plays an important role, people create policies to restrict any harmful acts and to protect people’s rights. This is the key of how to maintain a civilized, safe and friendly society.

Specifically, the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects serves as a crucial part in psychological experiments as human subjects will be used to test or prove a certain theory, as a way to pursuit knowledge. In this case, the policy itself is a constraint of the pursuit of knowledge which are obligations that limits the discovery and pursuit of knowledge. These policies, rules and laws might restrict our pursuit of knowledge to a certain extent as a lot of experiments will be unable to carry out due to the constraints. However, these constraints are to insure rights of participants and make sure the harm is limited through the discovery of knowledge.

Object 2: Biology Textbook

23rhou — 2022-06-02 06:17:24 UTC

The biology textbook is used as a teaching material in school, it contains large amount of scientific researches and experiments, which are all forms of knowledge and ways to pursuit knowledge. The textbook also include discussions of ethical considerations on certain researches. For instance, the ethics of stem cell research. Stem cell research had been very controversial, the main argument of why using stem cells for research is unethical is that stem cells can be considered as an actual “human”. Scientific researches are obviously a main way of pursuing knowledge, however, ethical concerns and protection rights of subjects are factors that constraints the pursuit of knowledge.

Knowledge and science is closely related, whether researches are ethical is mainly based on one’s understanding of the science behind it. The key of whether using stem cells for research is ethical or not also depends on different possible sources of the stem cells being used. In some ways, removal of cells from the embryo kills it, which is the main argument of the unethical sides of stem cell research. Scientific researches is a main way of pursuing knowledge, some argues that sacrificing for a greater good is necessary, in this case whether the research is ethical depends on the perspective one is looking from. These constraints more or less comes from the knowers themselves, whether they consider the knowledge they are pursuing more important or the ethics behind it.

It is stated in the textbook that “scientists should always consider the ethical implications of their research before doing it.” This object is a great example of how there are constraints on the pursuit of knowledge, scientists cannot only focus on what knowledge the research can bring but ethics is a crucial part that determines the feasibility of the research. These ethical implications are for the purpose of ethics, this shows how constraints on the pursuit of knowledge are mainly made by considering moral values, ethics and protection of subjects.

Object 3: Short Film "Save Ralph'

23rhou — 2022-06-02 06:17:52 UTC

“Save Ralph” is a short film released by the animal rights charity, humane society international. The video reveals the cruel truth of animal testing by showing the suffer of the main character which is a rabbit.

Researchers use animals for experiments and tests that might be considered unethical or banned by policies protecting human subjects and human rights. Animal testing contributed to many live-saving treatments, animal research also discovered a lot of new knowledge that experiments allowed on humans might never be able to. Animal researches and testing had been an effective way of pursuing knowledge.

However, referring to the video, the suffer and destructive acts animal testing had bring to animals also reminds us about the constraints we should have on the pursuit of knowledge through animal models. A large part of these constraints come from our ethics and moral values, when conducting researches with animal models, there are bottom lines and rules that needed to be followed. Aristotle once said “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” Interpretating the mind as the pursuit of knowledge and the heart as the ethics and morals , this suggests that all pursuit of knowledge need to be based on ethical stands otherwise it wouldn’t be any sort of learning or education at all. By all means, torturing animals for the purpose of pursuing knowledge ignores the ethics behind it, which makes it not true education. In this case, the morals of protecting animals from harm is the constraints needed to be made on the pursuit of knowledge as aside from educating our minds, it is also fairly important to educate our heart by considering the ethics. This shows how ethical considerations, moral values of protecting animals from harm and animal rights are examples of constraints made on the pursuit of knowledge.

Intro

2022-06-02 11:12:38 UTC

Imagination refers to the ability to create pictures in your mind. Producing knowledge is the action of discovering and acquiring new information from observations or data collections.

Imagination allows us to visualize complex concepts that cannot be easily perceived through the 5 senses; thus influencing our interpretation of knowledge and generation of new ideas.

Imagination is closely related and depended upon one’s individual, unique, and personal interpretation, the CT Knowledge and the Knower allowed one to focus upon the formation of perspective of any knowers, and to examine the interactions and connection between the knowledge and the knowers from a wider perspective.

Object 1

2022-06-02 11:13:10 UTC

This happy family photograph was taken on my third birthday, used for remembering and strengthening the bond as a family. Due to the photo, I imagined, extrapolated, and believed in the claim that context of the photo was happy and peaceful, until learning from my elder brother that my parents were planning to divorce at that time.

My imagination of a happy atmosphere was extrapolated on the invalid evidence from the perspective of the photo; it shaped my biased perspective as a knower and misled the way I interpret the world and generate knowledge. However, the influence is very dependent upon individual knowers; my brother (who was 9yo at that time) as a knower with a much wider perspective would not have his memory easily influenced by the photo.

The KF Perspectives discusses the question: "How much of our knowledge depends on our interactions with other knowers?”

Imagination can be rebutted when interacting with other knowers, allowing us to produce new knowledge about the world. When interacting with my brother, my imagination was disconfirmed, and my perspective of imagination was changed when I learned about the truth behind the photograph.

Valid evidence (Key Concept) can provide a reliable perspective to imagine and interpret the world; yet evidence such as memory and the photograph might be forged or be a coincidence that provide unreliable perspectives leading to inaccurate imagination and false knowledge about the world.

Object 1 shows that the role imagination plays in producing knowledge about the world can be to allow us to extrapolate upon biased perspectives or unstable evidence that result in the production of false knowledge.

Object 2

2022-06-02 11:14:46 UTC

Puzzle involves fitting shapes together to form complete pictures; I used this puzzle of the continental drift theory to learn about how the 5 continents used to be one complete land.

The theory came to scientists when examining the shape of the lands, obtaining an intuition that they might fit together, then forming an imaginary image of piecing the continents into one complete shape, and producing guesses and hypothesis that guide new scientific discoveries.

The KF Methods and Tools discuss the question: “How do we acquire knowledge?”

Imagination is an approach to acquire knowledge by generating hypotheses that provide directions for the investigation of scientific proofs. It produced a fictional/unsupported story of the continents based off their shapes, then acted as a thread to discover new knowledge of geography.

When imagination inspired an uncertain hypothesis, justification (Key Concept) can later be used to prove the imagined hypothesis and to produce knowledge. However, sometimes the justification used might be a coincidence arising from the imagined hypothesis, therefore invalid and mislead people to believe that a wrong theory is the truth.

Object 2 shows that the role imagination plays in producing knowledge about the world can be to inspire one to produce uncertain hypotheses that could potentially be justified to produce new knowledge about the world.

Object 3

2022-06-02 11:15:33 UTC

Novels allow the readers to imagine and empathize with experiences that are rarely seen in real life. I studied the novel “The Bluest Eye” in English class; it was banned in some other states due to violent contents reported by parents who thought that it is a “source of imagination” that will lead the children to have a traumatized or unhealthy personality when forming violent images inside their heads.

Parents can limit children’s imagination, extrapolation, and thus understanding about the violence that exists in the real world by banning them from interacting with the novel (an important source/trigger of imagination/empathy); therefore, the control of the source of imagination influences the production of certain knowledge inside their heads.

The KF Ethics discusses the question: “Is there knowledge that a person or society has a responsibility to acquire or not to acquire?”

Some people insist that violent/sensitive content (the novel) in art should be banned, and imagination should be constrained for the responsibility of maintaining a healthy societal environment, while some others believed in the freedom of expression and imagination in art/literature.

Therefore, responsibility (Key concept) in censorship and banning the novel can help to filter out harmful or unethical knowledge that can cause damage in society; but responsibility in censorship might also constrain people’s production of more sensitive knowledge like violence about the world.

Object 3 shows that the role imagination plays in producing knowledge about the world can be determinative when the scope of imagination is controlled by external forces to interfere with the scope of production of knowledge.

Outro

2022-06-02 11:16:51 UTC

The role that imagination plays in producing knowledge can be negative, positive, and neutral; object 1 shows negativity – to extrapolate from biased evidence that result in the production of incorrect knowledge; object 2 shows positivity - to produce hypotheses that could potentially be justified to discover new knowledge; object 3 shows neutrality - the scope of imagination controlled by external interference to guide the scope of production of knowledge; hence imagination plays a significant and unstable role that interfere with the production of knowledge about the world diversely.

Introduction:

23jtlim — 2022-06-02 16:20:24 UTC

Value is a belief that can be used as a standard to determine what is important to an individual. My optional theme is knowledge and technology because in a rapidly developing technology world, technology plays a big part in modern day knowledge production. The production of knowledge is greatly influenced by our experience. You can learn new things through experience. I believe technology is important to learning and producing knowledge because of my experience in using technology for research in my life.

Object 1: Digital camera

23jtlim — 2022-06-02 16:22:14 UTC

People can always remember things in life when they go out to play or take pictures of something important. When I saw a cultural object in Europe, I took a picture of it and learned more about it. I usually take pictures of things that help me expand my area of knowledge.
The value of this object is to remember for a long time by taking pictures of important things that need to be remembered and produce knowledge to understand it. Cameras have been developed tremendously over the past 100 years since its creation. In the past, you couldn't see any color on the camera, but the advances in technology now show all colors. It now produces knowledge by understanding exactly what kind of content or the detail the picture has. The value of the camera has increased as the camera is now an essential tool in knowledge acquisition and production.
In KF scope, the KQ asks “How has technology had an impact on collective memory and how knowledge is preserved?”. Digital cameras have memory cards so if you take a picture to remember something that is important, everything that you take can be saved into the card that can be reviewed and stored. With the invention of editing programme such as photoshops may lead to misinterpretation, and incorrect knowledge acquisition and production. Also, if you lose your camera memory chip, you might lose everything that's evidence in an instant. Most of the time, leaving evidence through photography leads to correct knowledge production for a long Time.

Object 2: iPad

23jtlim — 2022-06-02 16:22:44 UTC

Some adults have bias about children always playing games using iPad. But they don't just play games. When I was young, there were many games related to study on the internet. I was interested in studying and kept studying using the internet as it is more interesting than normal books. I could learn something faster and produce knowledge faster to keep studying with interest.
The value of faster learning using game apps on the internet has affected knowledge acquisition and production. As the technology is developed, it allows users to immediately find information on the Internet or app.
In the KF perspective, KQ asks “How has technology had an impact on how we browse, search and filter data and information?”. When you need to find some information, you can find out almost everything by going online. However, we cannot conclude that all the information on the Internet is correct. Even with the same content, there are many sites with slightly different perspectives and could deviate from the information we are looking for. However, it is valuable for iPad to be used as a tool to find the information it needs easily and quickly. Thus, the value of searched technology has affected the way knowledge is acquired and produced.

Object 3: Library card

23jtlim — 2022-06-02 16:23:28 UTC

A library card is an essential item used to borrow books. I often use it to gain access to the library and resources when I was in Korea. There are many resources that have various contents, so it is a good place for me to obtain knowledge. The resources found in a library are often sorted of its appropriateness and reliability. Some of the multimedia sources also allow for imagination from the reader when gaining new knowledge from books.
The value of being able to get reliable data and information that you need when using the library contributes to the certainty of the knowledge acquired and produced. As there are countless books and resources in the library, it's hard to find the books you need. A library membership allows you to search for both physical / digital books and online resources.
A library’s resources are of high value in knowledge acquisition. In KF scope, KQ asks “Have technological developments had the greatest impact on what we know, how we know, or how we store knowledge?”. The library has lots of information that is good for us to study, so we can find it right away when we need it. It is also useful because it contains detailed explanations. However, if a student does not have focus on their research, the vast number of resources can be confusing or overwhelming to access.
The library card and the digital management system show how much technology has contributed to how knowledge is labelled and classified and this in turn makes it an easily accessible tool in knowledge acquisition.

Conclusion

23jtlim — 2022-06-02 16:23:53 UTC

It was unthinkable to precisely look for information in the past, but in modern times, there is a digital library management system that can easily obtain knowledge through the development of technology, an iPad that can learn faster through gaming and the Internet. In particular, the digital camera that can collect and record information systematically rather than relying only on memory to be remembered for a long time. These developments of highly valuable technological advances have contributed greatly to the process of knowledge acquisition and production.

Object 1 : picture book

23aberlenghi — 2022-06-03 07:44:25 UTC

The first object is the booklet of our trip to Xinjiang.The booklet is used to remember exactly where we visited.It was a journey I participated, while the book was done by my parents.Our family likes to experience different cultures through travelling, it satisfies our need to travel as humans travelled a lot throughout history, the evidence is usually made into a booklet to remember the experience. The booklet is linked to the IA prompt because it is the evidence of our natural need to seek knowledge and to experience perspectives that are different from ours.

It relates to the Core theme of knowledge and the knower because as humans and exploring creatures, it impacts the way we see the world, and how I understand certain perspectives with the new perspectives I got. It also shows why I seek knowledge through satisfaction of needs.

The knowledge Framework (KQ-scope, n˚4) is connected to the object because the book shows why we should care about acquiring knowledge since traveling helps us see different perspectives to satisfy our need, make us more balanced and develop our understanding of different views in a way that includes multiple values to help us make better choices. However, exposure to too many different perspectives may lead to a loss of personal perspectives.

In conclusion, the travel booklet can affect the goals and needs of the knower through different perspectives, such as, needing to explore and understand other ethnicities. The reason why we seek knowledge can be related to the needs and goals of the individual.

Object 2: guitar

23aberlenghi — 2022-06-03 07:45:08 UTC

This object is the guitar that my father owns.The guitar was used to play songs for events or personal interest. This guitar and my dad inspired me to start learning how to play guitar and seek the knowledge of playing a musical instrument.

Because of the way I look up to him as a role model, I wanted to seek the knowledge on how to play the guitar, to become like him. However, my sister wasn’t interested in learning how to play the guitar, but simply enjoy the music that my father played. The object relates to the knower because the way my father looked to me, affected my wants and goals. This shows that reasons for seeking knowledge highly depend on individual wants and context.

In this situation, interactions with other knowers (my dad) inspired me to seek knowledge. (KQ-perspective, n˚2) The desire to know how to play guitar comes from interactions with other knowers, my family and especially my dad.

Cultures can change the desire of seeking knowledge, and goals as well. Growing in Europe, my culture would allow me to choose which instruments to learn to play, however, my friend who grew up in China told me that the choice of instruments and the reason of seeking the knowledge to learn the instrument is often decided by their parents which limits the desire of the student to seek knowledge. Therefore, even though culture allows you to seek a wider range of knowledge, culture also limits the reason why we seek knowledge.

In conclusion, the guitar, and an instrument in general, can affect the wants of the knower through different perspectives and cultures, such as, wanting to become like someone else or desiring to satisfy our parents.

Object 3: Dictionary

23aberlenghi — 2022-06-03 07:46:31 UTC

My English dictionary that is made for children that I had when I was young. I used it to help me find the definition of words.This object is linked to me because it was very useful when I was still learning the English language.

Including this object in the exhibition is significant because when I was in kindergarten, I was expected to know simple words to explain myself, and thus a dictionary is an example of that period. But as I grew older, I was expected to speak with a wider vocabulary. Having that knowledge helps us survive in society. This shows that society does have an impact on what knowledge you seek as it expects you to know it.

According to Kory Stamper, a dictionary writer, the definitions in dictionaries come from the use of the words, so it is her duty to seek the meaning of words to update the dictionary since “language is like a river”: constantly changing.Including this object in the exhibition is significant because it shows that there is knowledge that a person or society has a responsibility to acquire.

Interpretation is linked to the dictionary because the more society changes the meaning of words, the more advanced society gets, however this also provides expectations and responsibilities that people must seek and know the new meaning of words.

In conclusion, the dictionary and society can affect the expectations of the knower and create a responsibility through different Interpretations, because of society’s expectations, and we have a duty to seek knowledge. As Kory Stamper shows us, society is changing, and the knower must constantly seek new knowledge.

Prompt 28: To what extent is objectivity possible in the production or acquisition of knowledge?

2022-06-03 09:06:16 UTC

This website is a platform for a questionnaire that derives a result corresponding to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) which indicates individuals’ personality type out of 16 possible ones (NERIS Analytics Limited). The test became viral on the internet due to how people believed the analysis of their MBTI stated on the website is true and relevant which places them through the lens of the determined personality type to view themselves and the world. Though I, too, was fascinated by the accuracy of the tool, but as I started my psychology course, I understood the criticisms and accusations of the exploitation of confirmation bias in MBTI testing.

MBTI is a perfect example that supports the faint possibility to achieve objectivity in the acquisition of knowledge. The “magic” behind MBTI testing is not due to the ability of the tool to “foresee” and “mindread”, instead it is the results of users subconsciously performing “cherry-picking” on the broad and vague information given to them. They selectively obtained the description that aligned with their beliefs and perceptions of themselves and classified it as knowledge while ignoring and refusing possession of those pieces of information that contradict the pre-existing beliefs – the phenomenon that confirmation bias accurately describes. Due to the artificial selection of information received, the accuracy of the personality description is guaranteed since otherwise it would be disregarded from the beginning of information reception.

With my knowledge of the psychological theory of confirmation bias, MBTI testing proposed the minimal possibility to achieve objectivity in knowledge acquisition as it is suggested that people tend to subconsciously make a subjective and personally influenced approach to receive information. Conversely, in similar-styled questionnaires with different purposes, such as market research surveys, objectivity in extracted knowledge is possible to achieve due to the knowers’ intended seeking for intact truth hence the deliberate exclusion of personal interventions to increase validity.

2022-06-03 09:07:07 UTC

This object is the “War in Ukraine” column from the BBC News website which I have started to use recently to be updated regarding the global events (BBC). On the approach to history documentation, American historian Kevin M. Levin once said, “Who wins the writing game, who wins the battle over history – ultimately wins the war” and the concept is reflected and emphasized in the recent global affair of the Russia-Ukraine War as information has become a powerful weapon that people pursue in the modern society (Vox).

Though one has once stated, “True objectivity in journalism is not possible”, yet, its extent of accuracy is to be evaluated upon its relevance (“Objectivity (Journalism)”). Indeed, information in journalism can be easily altered due to bias, possibly a slight framing variation can convey a tendency towards an opinion. However, BBC News as a prestigious news publication strives to deliver news in the purest and truest form of information by providing strictly relevant facts when recalling sensitive events such as the Russia-Ukraine War. Such intentions are achieved by using factual quantitative data, like the dates of certain events, to produce knowledge that is objective and accurate since it can be verified.

On the opposing end to knowledge communication, the audience may not be able to perform objectivity though presented with an objective piece of information that theoretically cannot be interpreted in any other way. The audience possesses and often exploits the option to reject contradicting information to their pre-established beliefs, such as rejecting all facts that do not align with their political stance; ultimately suggesting failure to achieve objectivity during knowledge acquisition.

This example suggested that knowers of political knowledge should acknowledge that perspectives and delivery affect the possible extent to achieving objectivity in the production and acquisition of knowledge. Such phenomenon is like confirmation bias mentioned regarding MBTI; when reading the news, though one notes that the information is intended to be objective, one may still subconsciously “cherry-pick” and only obtain knowledge that is preferred.

2022-06-03 09:08:04 UTC

This object is a photo I took in Australia in July 2018 to capture the moment as a memory. In general, photos are classified as valuable primary sources for events since with the help of technology, the objectivity of the knowledge can be persevered, however, this object suggests otherwise.

The photo was taken with the aim to capture the scenery, yet such intention does not imply that the delivery of information is objective and exclusive to personal perspectives. The photo only captured whatever fitted into the frame; indicating that the creator was possibly selective with the presented content - performing coverage bias to guide people into generalizing the entire environment to be as presented in the frame. Similarly, the surreal color of the image may indicate possible photoshop was applied to the image hindering the intact information; the creator’s intervention to guide the audience to perceive in an expected manner lowered its objectivity in the production of knowledge.

Furthermore, the white dashes in the photo may be interpreted as snow by those with relevant prior knowledge while others may suspect it is decorations within a snow globe. Not only so, by seeing snow, one may conclude that the image was taken in winter, assuming that it was taken either at the beginning or the end of a year – bluntly ignoring the given context of the photo taken in July in Australia. By so, the object demonstrates people’s tendency to involve prior knowledge to take mental shortcuts to save time and energy while rejecting the effort required for objective acquisition.

This exploration links to the previous object of BBC News since images are a crucial part of news reports. The advanced technology of photography permitted the news articles to increase their objectivity as the information is no longer delivered solely in words of individuals, instead, realistic photos are offered to cross-reference to add validity and reliability to the conveyed information.

introduction

2022-06-03 10:23:00 UTC

My IA prompt is 13 “How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge?”. Knowledge is facts, information, and skills gained via experience or education by a person. Improvement is the act of improving something; the process of improving something. Optional themes are Knowledge and technology. In technology, most of the current knowledge is an improvement from past knowledge. For example, paper dictionary is an improvement to electronic dictionary using technology because electronic dictionary using easily than paper dictionary. Also, electronic dictionary can change English to Korean and Korean to English.

Object 1

2022-06-03 10:24:56 UTC

My first object Electronic Naver dictionary. I used this dictionary when I first came to China when I was 15 years old. The reason why I started using this dictionary is to change unknown English words into Korean. By using this electronic dictionary for the first time, I learned how to change English words that I don't know into Korean. In the past, my knowledge using paper dictionaries to find words has evolved into knowledge using more convenient and faster electronic dictionaries. The reason why we can see that it has developed from the past is that it has the same purpose, and the way to use an electronic dictionary is that the way to use a paper dictionary becomes faster and more convenient. And the reason why we can see that the current knowledge is more advanced than the past knowledge is that it takes less time than the past knowledge to find the word used, and the current knowledge can be easily used by everyone's mobile phone. My object is an electronic dictionary. Electronic dictionaries evolved from paper dictionaries. Because technology was introduced in the process, it was able to develop. Knowledge has also developed. My KF is Scope; KQ is “Have technological developments had the greatest impact on what we know, how we know, or how we store knowledge?” The way to understand current and past knowledge, how to acquire knowledge, and how to store the acquired knowledge are also different. In addition, technology has also developed, and various things have developed over time, so the current method of storing knowledge or acquiring knowledge has developed from storing knowledge in the method of storing knowledge. The effect of technological advancement on dictionaries is that it is more difficult to store knowledge obtained through paper dictionaries in the past than the current method of storing knowledge through electronic dictionaries.

Object 2

2022-06-03 10:28:37 UTC

My second object is online library cards. The first library cards were used to borrow books online. Library cards online can create an account in the library, log in, and freely view books online. Therefore, I learned knowledge that I can borrow books without going to the library. In the past, when Internet library cards did not exist, I visited the integrated library and borrowed books. Therefore, when I was young, I went to the library and learned how to authenticate and borrow books through library cards. Currently, there is a knowledge that borrows books through online library cards. Therefore, the knowledge that I have now is the same as the way to borrow a book in the past, but I can borrow a book more quickly and conveniently. In the past, knowledge of visiting the library directly through library cards and borrowing books had no technology development and use, so I had to borrow books through people and I had to collectively visit, borrow, and return them. However, through the development of technology, knowledge has also developed so that it can be borrowed without an integrated visit. My KF is methods and tools, and my KQ is "How does technology extend or transform different modes of human cognition and communication?". In the past, when a lot of work or work was needed, there was a knowledge of visiting somewhere in the cluster or getting information through communication with people. However, through the development of the technology, there is a knowledge that can obtain information without aggregation and without communication. Before the release of Internet library cards, people had a knowledge that they had to go to the library themselves to borrow books. However, through the development of current technology, people's perception has also changed through the use of online library cards. Currently, people's perspectives and perceptions are changing through online library cards created through the development of technology. For example, people have new knowledge because they borrow books without going to the library through library cards. Through this knowledge, people's perception will prefer technology development.

Object 3

2022-06-03 10:29:24 UTC

My last object is iPad. After entering high school, I bought an iPad to organize many notes. The iPad lets me know a lot of information quickly and easily by using the Internet. I got knowledge that can get information quickly through iPad. When I was in elementary school, I used an old version of the iPad. The current usage method is the same as the iPad, but the speed of finding information, the diversity of information, and the speed of the Internet is different. In the past, knowledge that I have is to find a lot of information with the slow Internet, but with the technology that has developed now, I learned knowledge that finds information in a fast and accurate way. There are many differences between the iPad in the past and the iPad in use today. The reason is that technology has developed and knowledge to find various information using the Internet has improved. My KF is scope; KQ is “To what extent is the internet changing what it means to know something?”. Comparing knowledge that finds information using the current and past internets, the current knowledge can find a lot of information. Knowing something through the Internet is now important because it is useful for finding a lot of information. You can learn a lot of knowledge through the Internet on your iPad. What this means is that it is more advanced than the knowledge it has in the past, and it proves more valuable. Many people do not believe that the knowledge of the blender has evolved from the knowledge of the millstone. But the evidence that proves this is the use of technology.

Conclusion

2022-06-03 10:30:08 UTC

Knowledge using Electronic naver dictionary was developed through the use of technology by knowledge using paper dictionaries in the past. Knowledge, which uses the Library Internet service to find books, has developed with technology in the past from knowledge, which finds books through communication with people. In the past, it takes a lot of time to find the information I want to find using iPad, but through the advanced Internet and technology, I have a knowledge to find information quickly.

Object1: The Dada Needle Dispenser

2022-06-03 12:03:09 UTC

My first object is a Dada needle dispenser. In Korea, whenever you have discomfort after eating, there is a traditional remedy where a small needle is inserted below your thumb fingernail. A tiny amount of blood will come out. This is believed to relieve your indigestion symptoms. In my home, I use this remedy to relieve the discomfort. This is a traditional knowledge/practice specific to Korean culture.

In the scope of KF, it asks “Does our culture determine what we know?” As a South Korean, I come up with this method when I have indigestion discomfort. If I was not South Korean, I will probably go to see the doctor rather than using the fork remedy. This reflects that some knowledge cannot be understood by the knower who is from a different Indigenous society.

I chose perspective from the TOK concept. Culture shapes the perspective of the person. Having a positive perspective toward folk remedies allows the person to have multiple suggestions in curing methods. However, having a negative perspective obstructs them from accessing wider choices.

Culture plays a significant role in the acquisition of knowledge because the production of knowledge differs depending on the context. Although knowledge produced in Indigenous society may not be accepted widely and is short in accuracy, people inside the community of knowers easily accept culturally specific knowledge and be able to enhance their knowledge by having different ways of approaching a problem.

Object 2: The Buddha Statue

2022-06-03 12:05:08 UTC

The Buddha statue, my second object, is used for various Buddhist practices. My grandma owns one at her house. I saw my grandma praying/prostrating to Buddha. Praying to Buddha is Buddhism believers’ cultural practice. The practices were developed in smaller Indigenous societies sharing the same specific beliefs and later into a community of knowers and then across as one of the major religions. People believe in Buddha because they think their faith in Buddha will solve their problems as their prayer will deeply move Buddha.

In the Methods and Tools, it inquires “What is the role of folklore, rituals, and songs in acquiring and sharing knowledge?” In most religions, imagery and stories are important factors in spreading the religion. The use of statues helps the mass public to visualize their faith and their gods as the practice of spreading religion in the past including illiterate societies that cannot read or visualize religious texts for themselves. The culture of Buddhism and the rituals could hinder people from acquiring accurate knowledge as it gives a sense of faith in the unknown and stops them from acquiring alternative knowledge.

In the TOK concept of certainty, people who are Buddhism believers have high certainty that Buddha will solve their problems if they pray hard. Their belief positively impacts their certainty to believe their problems will be solved. However, it can cause knowers to be overdependent on the rituals, stopping them from finding an alternative to their problems by themselves.

The relationship between knowledge and culture is important in producing culturally specific knowledge and should be preserved but when people completely rely on this knowledge based on faith and rituals, it could blind them to be open to other perspectives and acquiring accurate knowledge.

Object 3: Lucky Bag

2022-06-03 12:08:10 UTC

The lucky bag is the third object. It is used to put items from Doljabi. I have my lucky bag used in Doljabi. It is a tradition practiced at a baby’s first birthday party. The baby is placed in front of various items and encouraged to grab one item. Each item symbolizes a certain future regarding the baby’s career. This traditional practice was developed in South Korean culture.

In Ethics of KF, it questions “Can the practices of one individual or culture be judged with any validity by applying the moral values of another generation or another culture?” As cultural practices are derived from Indigenous society’s distinct historical understanding, the conclusion depends on which moral values of generation are applied. In the past, parents believed strongly in the meanings of which item their child chose. This is narrowing the opportunity for children and thus, unethical. However, as time passed, this tradition now has a celebratory meaning rather than prophecy.

I chose an interpretation of the concepts. Having similar cultural knowledge has a positive impact on the interpretation of culture as it will give insight into how the culture started and was maintained. However, it is hard to have similar background knowledge unless you are from an identical culture, making it easy to misinterpret.

The interpretation of Indigenous society tradition depends on what cultural or space background the person has as these will shape the knowledge used for interpretation. Depending on the context, tradition can be interpreted as something that has a positive influence by giving faith but also a negative impact by restricting their perspective.

Intro

2022-06-03 12:44:17 UTC

I believe Knowledge is an understanding with insight gained through experience or education. Knowers are people who know, contrarily to believe. Interaction is an exchanged communication between two beings.

Knowledge can depend on interactions we have with others, as the environment we surround ourselves with will influence and shape our knowledge. To respond, I will use knowledge & Language as I believe knowledge sharing is mainly through different language forms (writing, body language…).

Object 1

2022-06-03 12:58:37 UTC

This is a Tibetan tent souvenir, which is being used as a record of the time my family and I spent with a Tibetan nomad family. I felt this was a unique experience, I probably would never experience again.

When interacting with the Tibetan family, we mainly used non-verbal language, as we did not speak the same language. However, we were able to communicate through sign and body language.

From the interaction with the nomad family, I gained knowledge about their lifestyle. Without this interaction, I certainly would have had a biased view of their lifestyle. Therefore, this knowledge depended on interactions with these other knowers.

From KF Perspective: “Does the transmission of knowledge from one person or generation to another depend on language?”

I do believe knowledge is transferred through language; however, language isn’t necessarily a spoken one. In this situation, my inability to comprehend Tibetan and the family's inability to comprehend English resulted in interaction through sign/body language as well as through practical demonstrations. As I lived in the Tibetan family’s home tent, I got to visualize their life, such as milking yaks early in the morning. Therefore, empirical experience through interaction is a better way of learning knowledge while avoiding bias.

Furthermore, everyday life things are often self-explanatory, thus using language with no words will not disable people from understanding and interpreting. However, this interpretation may not be accurate.

This object shows that interaction is needed with others in knowledge acquisition and exchange. If I had no interaction with the Tibetan family, my knowledge would have been limited to a documentary or book, which may deliver bias.

Object 2

2022-06-03 13:00:27 UTC

As a child, I used this Barbie doll, an adult human-looking doll, to play with friends, hence, interact with other knowers. These interactions were essentially based on recreations of situations experienced in our daily lives. These recreation games are examples of interaction with spoken language; Players speak as they play.

Moreover, my friend once suddenly yelled at this Barbie doll as we were playing. She later told me her mom acted similarly. Thus, through this interaction, I gained knowledge about the experience of another knower, that I hadn’t personally experienced.

From KF Perspective: “To what extent does language allow us to make our private experiences public?”

I believe language is the easiest way to exteriorize personal experiences as you can better convey them to the public. Furthermore, turning private experiences public could involve some type of interaction with someone or something, as confessing private experiences can be done through communication with another knower.

In this case, my friend was able to exteriorize her previous experience. Hence, she transformed her private/personal experience into a public one I could understand even though I hadn’t experienced it.

If another knower renders their experience public, the public can acquire evidence of their knowledge from that knower’s perspective. However, this other knower’s evidence may not be accurate as it is subjective.

In this case, knowledge does depend on interaction with another knower but contrarily to the first object, the knowledge acquired is not one from a personal experience with direct interactions with other knowers, but re-living a knower’s experience when interacting with them.

Object 3

2022-06-03 13:02:23 UTC

This is a diving learning book, teaching about the marine world. This book belonged to my mother as she used to be an amateur and passionate diver when she was younger. She has now given it to me so I could learn about her past passion.

I acquired new knowledge through written language, not having any interaction with other knowers. This learning book only offers a teaching possibility, yet not an exchange of ideas or argumentative communication with another knower, therefore no interaction.

From KF Scope: “How does language allow humans to pool resources and share knowledge?”

Language, in any form, allows humans to pool resources as language can gather knowledge; present, like past. In my learning book, knowledge was shared in a written and pictorial form. In learning, the whole concept is to ultimately be able to pool resources and turn them into knowledge.

Depending on culture and values, the writer (giving the knowledge), may share the knowledge in differing ways, allowing the acquirer a chance to explore different perspectives of knowledge.

However, as no interaction is made here, there is no mutual communication on the origin of the acquired knowledge, thus it may be biased.

In this case, knowledge doesn’t depend on interaction with others, as the teaching aspect allowed no exchanged communication between two beings, as only one is sharing knowledge. Hence, it cannot be considered an interaction.

Outro

2022-06-03 13:02:49 UTC

Object 1 shows that my interaction with other knowers gave me empirical methods of experiencing accurate knowledge.

Object 2 shows that my interaction with other knowers allowed me to experience emotions and gain knowledge from experiences that weren’t mine.

Object 3 shows that knowledge acquisition does not necessarily depend on interaction with other knowers.

Interaction with others can have a positive impact on knowledge acquisition/production. Hearing or reading about one’s experience also contributes strongly to knowledge acquisition/production, yet without knowledge coming from personal experiences. However, depending on the knowledge, it may not come from interaction.

Introduction

selenalixuanxiao — 2022-06-03 13:28:27 UTC

The term of “unknowable” is defined as the mystery that limits human experience or knowledge. How do we measure the knowledge we know and can be certain of the knowledge we know if we cannot know if there are unknowable in the knowledge we know ? In the modern society where we rely on technology to investigate and discover the unknown knowledge, thus I chose knowledge and technology to justification my topic.

Object 1: Camera

selenalixuanxiao — 2022-06-03 13:30:11 UTC

First object was camera that’s used for capturing information, memory, experience, and object.This was my 16th birthday present which given by my mom. I have taken a lot of precious photos and moment by this camera.

When cameras were first introduced to China during the Qing Dynasty, everyone was amazed by their ability to freeze time. People who had been bound by feudal thoughts could not accept this technology which was full of science and technology. Only through the constant infiltration and participation of technology in people's lives can the unknown technology become known, and even people will get used to the once unknown things.

The KF Scope demonstrated “Have technological developments had the greatest impact on what we know, how we know, or how we store knowledge?”Technology such as the camera has changed the way we store memory events or objects and has contributed to knowledge and history a lot. Camera was unknown and unacceptable at the beginning, somehow people were getting accept and interpreting to the new technology, when the technology prove to be useful and was helping them to have a better life, such as store memory, reflecting the experiences. Somehow, camera technology has proven the development of how humans can store our knowledge and demonstrate it.

The development of camera is the real life evidence to provide the new technology can also count as “the realization of unknowable”. The responsibility that scientist develop new technology for people to experience the unknown. The value of people refuse to reasoning the knowledge that never exists in the world.

Through a series of discussions and retrospections carried out by the camera, I believed that there is nothing unknowable after experienced it. However, people's fear of the unknown is bound to be the biggest limitation under this proposition, and knowledge must be explored and summarized by human beings.

Meitu App

selenalixuanxiao — 2022-06-03 13:32:47 UTC

The second object was Meitu app which is an app for photoshop people’s face, skin problem and add filter to make photos beautiful. I have been using this app from my grade 6 for decorates my pictures in the way I want, therefore this app shows me how fake could a picture be.

We never able to know who is the real people behind the internet since the power of photoshop can change one thing to another totally different thing. The software development and audience of mobile phones prove that technology and knowledge are always changing with the needs of people's desire. This technology in turn has contributes to creating 'unknowns'.

The KF ethics discussed in KQ “Should we hold people responsible for the applications of technologies they develop/create?” People reduce the responsibility face the applications that have the technique to cover the truth under the technology. Behind the use of ps software to change their appearance and facts, it is full of unknowns and mystery for viewers. Majority photos that can be identified turn out to be completely unknown to people. Thereby, we can never touch the truth behind the photos created by people who have an ulterior motive.

In the world of humans sciences, we are constantly creating possibilities to facilitate human life and entertainment. The development of science and technology has proved time and again that human social interaction can be unknown. For instance, the development of online love has proved that people can cultivate feelings or give trust to people who are completely unknown without knowing what the other person looks like or the real state.

I believe the convenience of technology can distort truth and facts. There may be known real people or things behind the composite photos, but the transformation of technology turns the previously known things into unknown things. We can never know or understand what lies behind a photograph through man-made changes. Thus, human take something from the known to the completely unknown, but it's hard to take something from the unknowable to the known.

Introduction

2022-06-03 13:41:33 UTC

Chosen optional theme is language and knowledge. Language includes both verbal and non-verbal communication such as facial expression, letter, any mean to communicate. Key words are experience, knowledge, and communication.

Object 1

2022-06-03 13:42:24 UTC

My first chosen object is a Korean social science textbook from primary school. It includes politics, geography, climates, and others that are related to the world. I learned this in Korean secondary school. From this book, I want to especially focus on the history of Dokdo Island that is specifically introduced in this textbook. Learning this book counts as a personal experience because it refers to all things that I have done.

I have been educated that Dokdo Island is Korea’s and saw various evidence. I even have been to the Dokdo museum. Thus, I have strong knowledge of this history. From this, I established values and ethics that Dokdo is Korea’s Island and believe that all arguments against this knowledge are not true. As I build values and ethics from what I know, that affects the formation of them. This causes me to selectively take information in, making selection bias. As I believe from my personal experience that Dokdo Island is Korea’s, and there is sufficient evidence to support this claim, it is impossible to form counter knowledge for me. This also disturbs the communication with people who have built on counter knowledge.

In the scope of language, any words related to Dokdo Island remind me of this experience that has been converted to knowledge. In this textbook, they keep using similar sets of strong words. Using strong words for the topic over and over gives me a strong belief in it. In this aspect, language plays a role in making more concrete knowledge and managing its inflow. In addition, repeated personal experience leads the knowledge to be formed in only one way although that might be not true. Since I am strict about this knowledge on Dokdo Island, it more strongly affects the way of knowledge is built. If this is a weak belief or knowledge, then the other experiences might cause my knowledge to change. However, it is unlikely this knowledge to be changed since this is too concrete knowledge

Object 2

2022-06-03 13:42:47 UTC

My second object is the verification of covid-19 tests. There is no need to get tested officially in Korea at this time because they changed the policy. However, as I live in China, I have got covid tests multiple times. The object allows me to verify that I am not infected with Covid-19. This largely contributes to my knowledge and perception of covid-19.

Being tested many times raises the significance of covid-19 for me. Since I am tested almost every day, it makes me think that covid-19 is still severe. However, my friend in Korea thinks covid-19 is over, and there is no point to get tested because they do not need to get the test. This shows that different personal experiences and environments can form different knowledge of the same thing. Also, I need to explain the process and the way of testing because their experiences are incomplete. Although they can search on the internet and already have some experience, the most reliable and accurate knowledge can be transferred through me who experienced those multiple times.

This different experience influences my way of thinking. When I and my friend hear or think about Covid-19, we are going to imagine and think of different things as we have different experiences. This affects the acquisition of knowledge as our previous knowledge certainly affects the further formation of knowledge. To show my knowledge with evidence (Covid-19 is still severe), I need to use my own experience to explain it. Only in this way, their knowledge can be expanded with different perspectives.

Object 3

2022-06-03 13:43:19 UTC

My third object is a picture of me when I was 7. It was taken on Jeju Island with its famous statue called Dolhareubang. It was my first experience taking an airplane and traveling with the whole family. I often see this picture to think of my childhood. Thus, this is one of the most memorable pictures that reminds my childhood memories.

In contrast to this memorable memory, I in the picture have a frown face. As the picture shows frowned face, another knower who sees this picture probably thinks I am unsatisfied with the travel although it was due to the sunlight. This misinterpretation is made from his own experience which is showing frowned face when he does not content with something. In other words, language, especially non-verbal communication, without any context of it can easily lead to misunderstanding about the knowledge or truth. This indicates that individuals’ experiences might lead to misunderstanding or misinterpretation depending on the way it is communicated, making knowers’ knowledge away from the truth.

From another perspective, my own memory of this experience might be faded as time passes. If there is no one remembers what happened in this picture including me, then the understanding of the picture will change significantly. The interpretation differs depending on which elements of the picture the person closely focuses on such as the place, face, background, etc. As there is no one who can correct this misunderstanding, new knowledge about this picture is formed, and the previous or true knowledge is hidden. This shows that as people tend to fill in gaps in knowledge, they sometimes accept wrong information or knowledge without any verification. In other words, faded or incomplete experiences might lead the knowledge to form in the wrong way.

Conclusion

2022-06-03 13:43:36 UTC

To conclude, personal experience might interfere the formation of knowledge in a certain way (object 1), change the knowledge about something, or lead to misunderstanding of knowledge. Hence, they have different relationships for each situation.

Flipgrid video

2022-06-03 14:04:13 UTC

Intro

23mshen — 2022-06-03 15:06:50 UTC

Bias is having a strong inclination or a preconceived opinion about something or someone. The prompt discusses bias present when producing knowledge, which is difficult to eliminate. I chose Knowledge and Language because language can be biased as it often has cultural attachment or assumptions in its communication and the producer of knowledge is sometimes unconscious that the knowledge produced is biased.

Object 1 - Single Doge Certificate

23mshen — 2022-06-03 15:08:03 UTC

This object is a ‘Single Doge Certificate’, it was given to me as a present from a friend. It shows people labeling the community of ‘single people’ with the phrase ‘Single Doge’, which is very common amongst Chinese people. It may not mean anything in English as the animal dog is often associated with loyalty and vigilance, in Chinese, it has a negative meaning of someone being an inferior human because they cannot find someone who would be with them. This shows the bias of the Chinese society that a single person cannot be happy or have any achievement. It is a label with a cultural context, which does not translate exactly into other languages.

My object addresses the Scope section of the Knowledge Framework (KF), specifically the knowledge question (KQ): “Are there differences in how knowledge itself is conceived of, or presented, in different languages?”. Bias is inevitable in the production of knowledge, people who speak different languages often have different linguistic knowledge, leading to a barrier to understanding. This object shows how one word can have no meaning in one language and its culture but have a slightly offensive meaning in another language.

Key concept (KC) interpretation of knowledge is affected by language. Accuracy of interpretation becomes a problem because of bias in language, which could potentially lead to misunderstandings between people. However, cultural and contextual differences can also lead to different interpretations, which can open Knowers up to new perspectives.

In conclusion, this object shows how some words in a language are inherently biased because of the cultural meaning behind the word. It also shows how language barriers exist to prevent knowledge from being translated accurately and potentially create misunderstandings.

Object 2 - Rabbit Doll

23mshen — 2022-06-03 15:09:35 UTC

This is a doll I bought when visiting the zoo. It is a souvenir for tourists to remember their travels and experiences after they have returned. I liked the rabbit because of its cute appearance and hung it on my school bag for a short while. Yet, it is biased to think that rabbit is often fluffy and gentle (visual language) as evidenced in the doll they have made. In contrast to how cute the doll is, rabbits can be quite violent, one tried to bite me in the zoo. This object shows how imagery or perceptions that come from language are not always accurate, this creates bias.

Perspective section of KF is explored by this object: “How do our values and assumptions influence the language in which we express our ideas?” Our values and assumptions are unconsciously present in the language we use, like the idea of rabbits being gentle, therefore we communicate the idea we have by making a cute object.

People’s perspective (KC) is based on experience, which creates assumptions. When people delve into a certain perspective and not be open to other perspectives, the echo chamber effect takes place and people become very inclined to their own opinion, creating bias. The positive of having a perspective is that the person is not too easily influenced and manipulated by others because they have their own opinion.

In conclusion, there are assumptions associated with language that over time and repetition becomes intrinsic in the language and becomes biased.

Object 3 - Advertisement

23mshen — 2022-06-03 15:10:36 UTC

This object is an advertisement for a health product that was once very popular in China. This advertisement was repeatedly shown on TV in 2007. I grew up listening to friends joking about how this product could help us to be smart and study better, and had always questioned if it really could be that effective.

This advertisement talks about how the product can make older people younger - aiding their memory, etc. It is biased because memory fading is irreversible with aging. Yet the knowledge producer chose to sell the product with inaccurate information. Sometimes, benefits can lead people to purposefully produce inaccurate information. Biased use of language can influence people into believing false beliefs for the producer’s purpose.

This object discusses the Methods and Tools section of the KF: “In what ways can language be used to influence, persuade, or manipulate people’s emotions?” This object shows how language can manipulate people for the promotion of a product. This bias is not inevitable, but people still chose to do it for a purpose.

Values (KC) is addressed in this object, it shows how different values can affect the production of knowledge. Adding bias like in the advertisement is a negative example as it makes false claims for monetary benefits. However, values can also positively influence knowledge by advocating for good deeds like helping the impaired when they need it.

In conclusion, this advertisement shows how bias can be purposely added when producing knowledge by manipulating language. It also shows how values can impact the production of knowledge, either in a bad way by adding bias or maybe in a more neutral way.

Outro

23mshen — 2022-06-03 15:10:55 UTC

In short, Object 1 shows how people who have different linguistic knowledge understand each other differently creating bias; Object 2 talks about how some concepts are linked with certain assumptions, and these assumptions turn into bias; Object 3 discusses how biased use of language can be used for monetary benefits. There is some inherent bias in language, but people’s values can shape the bias and make it stronger.

Object 1: GreekRoman myth book

2022-06-04 13:40:30 UTC

All stories and history are either transferred down the generation by written or spoken form. People have changed their way of recording history throughout the centuries. This history handles the mythical events within the country. Most of these historical records which are verbally transferred are often exaggerated.

One of the famous myth and legends of Gods is the Greek Roman myth. Gods within Greek Roman myth each represent a subject that is seen as important to Greek Roman people. Furthermore, due to the existence of heroes represents how society wanted a leader. One of the famous stories within Greek Roman history is the battle of Troy which is a battle between Greece and Troy. Unlike other myths which is assume they are related to the historical event, most of Greek Roman Stories were considered spurious.

The epic poem “Iliad” was written by Homeros, the oldest record of an epic poem was written around BC 8C. The poem tells detailed information about the Troy war written but archeologist and historians categorized the recording as an epic poem and it is irrelevant to the actual history. However, an archeologist called Heinrich Schliemann founded the region of Troy with help of Kalbert. This started from his imagination where the country would actually exist. The excavation of this imaginative city had led to huge development and understanding of the people and culture in the Ancient Greek-Roman period. This shows how one’s imagination can create new knowledge which has made a huge influence on one side of the area of knowledge. By the linguistic record which the story is written, the archeologist was able to imagine the idea and successfully revealed new knowledge. Therefore, it inducts that, due to the existence of imagination, people are able to seek and reveal new knowledge.

Object 2: Korean Language explannation book

2022-06-04 13:41:13 UTC

Language is a factor that heavily influences the identity of people. Language influences people’s lifestyle and relationship. It also influences the interpretation of knowledge we understand. Within some particular languages, there are certain words for which there is no translation to it. These words are often show a typical characteristic of the language or culture. It shows the lifestyle of the people who use those languages. As a Korean, I use Korean as my first language. Within the Korean language, there are phrase there is no direct translation for English and Korean. The Korean word “JEONG” is a typical example, it is also hard to describe the exact meaning of the word. “JEONG” is a description of an emotion where people feel empathy and share emotion even, though they do not have close relationship with the people. Therefore, we can expect Korean people to be heart-warming and friendly. In fact, unlike the other languages around the world, the creation of the Korean language was unique.

The creation of the Korean character was made by a king who had imagined a society where all people were able to learn the language and use them. Therefore, he worked on making a new form of character for a long time to make it simple as possible and he published the bases of the Korean language which is still used in present days. This is because people had to spend lots of time for agriculture which made them impossible to learn difficult Chinese characters. These languages have enhanced the overall lifestyle of the people at that time.

This shows how one person’s imagination of an ideal society had made a new type of knowledge as a form of language. The unique character of the Korean language and the fact that the characters were the visualization of the shape of the vocal cord when a person produces sound makes the Korean language more fascinating. The purpose of this book is to transfer the meaning of the new character, the purpose why the king made these characters, and what it is based on. This real-life example shows how one’s imagination of an ideal society created a language that has become the base of the culture and identity of a nation that has been kept for more than six centuries. Therefore, imagination takes up important part when producing new form of tool to help understand knowledge.

Object 3: C-language text book

2022-06-04 13:41:49 UTC

Technology has made a huge progress throughout the centuries and it is enhanced the quality of our life. These creations of these innovative technology are based on technological languages C-Language, python, or Java. These forms of language are capable of programming the applications we have and shape the software which our daily use products run such as laptops, smartphones, and electronic devices. By the usage of the programming language, people had made invention that had changed people’s daily life more efficiently and enabled people to live more efficiently.

One of the famous examples that is made base on this technological language is AI. AI is an artificial intelligence that is recently used by the majority of people to collect information by assisting people to get appropriate knowledge and enhance our daily life quality. This new form of knowledge would not have existed if there was no imagination that had wanted this new form of technology. So, the computer language had become a tool that produces the knowledge which had been thought by the imagination. This made a world which could make new knowledge people need by coding by using the computer language. This shows how language could be the link to connect the imagination into knowledge.

Scientists may say, the role of imagination in creating knowledge is not necessary since the knowledge should be based on facts. However, in my opinion, to create knowledge imagination becomes the fundamental component.

Bibliography

2022-06-04 13:42:07 UTC

Classical Literature. “The Iliad - Homer - Poem: Story, Summary & Analysis.” Ancient Literature, 11 Jan. 2022, https://www.ancient-literature.com/greece_homer_iliad.html#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20Iliad%E2%80%9C%20(Gr%3A,or%20Ilium%20in%20ancient%20times).

Costa, Clarie D. “Top Programming Languages and Their Uses.” KDnuggets, 19 Jan. 2022, https://www.kdnuggets.com/2021/05/top-programming-languages.html.

Oezie , Sabine. “Heinrich Schliemann, the Man Who Discovered Troy: DW: 11.10.2021.” DW.COM, 11 Oct. 2021, https://www.dw.com/en/heinrich-schliemann-the-man-who-discovered-troy/a-18946144.

Snyder, English Editor Joshua. “‘The Korean Alphabet Is the Most Scientific in the World.".” 포항공대신문, 1 Jan. 1970, http://times.postech.ac.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=4589.

Object 1

23ycho1 — 2022-06-05 11:06:54 UTC

Personal experience can both positively and negatively affect the formation of knowledge of every individual. The first object I’ve chosen is a broken MacBook Air that I had before. I’d used this laptop for less than 3 months, which is a very short period of time. I put my biology textbook, which is about 500 pages thick on it, and when I opened it, I found that my laptop was broken. As a person who has used a lot of laptops from a different companies, I was disappointed at how weak the screen of the MacBook is. I didn’t hit the screen with the book or drop it on the floor, but it just got broken just by putting a book on it.

After this experience, I became more careful with using MacBook, I tried not to put too much pressure on it, because I already realized that MacBook can be broken if there is pressure on it. This RLS shows that my personal experience of breaking the screen of the MacBook Air has formed the new knowledge for me, which is ‘MacBook is very fragile.' If I hadn’t had any personal experience like this, I would never have this personal knowledge too.

My knowledge of the MacBook can be contrasted with the knowledge of a person who has never used a MacBook in their life. Some people would believe that MacBook is strong and durable just by watching the advertisements made by Apple. The difference between my knowledge and their knowledge is because of the personal experience, I had, but they never had.

I could find knowledge is affected by the knower’s perspectives, and personal experience has a significant impact on those perspectives. It can both alter or maintain the perspectives, by reassuring people that their perspectives and opinions were correct, or challenging the people that

their perspectives were wrong, and their opinion was false. The perspectives affected by the personal experiences have the ability to form new knowledge of a person.

Object 2

23ycho1 — 2022-06-05 11:07:22 UTC

My second choice of the object is which is an allegorical novel published in 1945 by George Orwell, a British writer. This novel is known for criticizing soviet communism of the era, using animals on an English farm to create allegorical representations of some significant individuals, and divided social classes of Soviet communism. Therefore, being aware of the historical background of the book plays an important role in understanding and interpreting the knowledge from this novel.

Fortunately, in Individual & Society class I took when I was in Y10, I have learned about Soviet communism such as how Russian revolution happened and who were the people brought out Communism into Soviet Unions, and I had an experience of creating PPT about Russian revolution and presenting it in front of the class.

Thanks to this background information and prior experience, I could get a deeper and extended understanding through reading this book, and this understanding got me gain more highly interpreted knowledge about this novel.

Not only the learning experience, but also the lingual experience contributed to my extension of knowledge regarding this book. The original written language of this novel is English. Although my mother tongue is not English, my learning language became English since I started to attend an international school. Therefore, I could read English novels and understand the meaning and message of the literary works, which results in gaining knowledge without any obstacles.

On the contrary, people who don’t speak English or people who haven’t learned about the historical events and context of Russian revolution or the Soviet Union’s communism might have significant difficulties to perceive the novel.

This object is indicating lack of personal experience creates the limitation in their abilities to view the knowledge properly, understand it effectively, and convert it into fully their own knowledge by rethinking, questioning, justifying the knowledge.

Object 3

23ycho1 — 2022-06-05 11:08:37 UTC

The image above is covid-19 vaccine made by Pfizer which is one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies in the world and sold the greatest number of vaccines and made the most profits during this pandemic. As there are uncountable number of people who got vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine, there are also a lot of reports of experiencing side effects around the world.

First, as someone who has some friends and family members in Korea, I can hear some of them are experiencing side effects of Pfizer vaccines. I can see many of them are posting Instagram stories or texting me saying they are showing the symptoms of fever and sore muscles.

Second, I saw an article about a Korean high schooler who died after getting Pfizer’s vaccine even though he didn’t have any diseases before. This shows how my personal experiences made me have a biased opinion about the Pfizer’s vaccine; they are risky to get injected into our body.

In contrast, people who never have similar experience about the vaccines would have different perspective and knowledge about it, and they would think it’s worth to get Pfizer vaccine because it’s certified and tested safely. They and I both have some personal or shared experience about the vaccines by Pfizer, we have a big difference in our knowledges about it.

Knowledge can be defined as “familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study” (Collins English Dictionary). From the perspective of the core theme ‘knowledge and knower’, each knower’s personal experience contributes to create bias. In my case, the newly created bias influences our knowledge, no matter whether it is true or not.

Introduction

2022-06-05 11:35:47 UTC

I have chosen a TOK prompt, “To what extent is objectivity possible in the production or acquisition of knowledge?”. By reflecting on the knowledge and how it is produced, the prompt will be explored. This writing focus on the objectivities achieved by the acquisition of knowledge. Full objectivity means it should not contain any personal emotions or tastes. Therefore, attaining the perfect objectivity in knowledge production is almost impossible. It is why we explore this topic.

Intro

2022-06-05 11:38:43 UTC

The TOK prompt I have selected is: The TOK prompt I have selected is: “How can we know the current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge”. This exhibition explores this prompt by reflecting on knowledge and technology, and more specifically on how we interpret current knowledge as an improvement on past knowledge. The interpretation can be influenced by value, perspective and personal experience. In particular, we can know that new knowledge is improved upon past knowledge when it solves prior problems in terms of utility and safety.

Object 1: History IB textbook

2022-06-05 11:39:12 UTC

This is a history textbook from a school. It has detailed historical information. History books also have different opinions as authors have different perspectives. The different perspectives on history create subjective information.

Thus, the history book is an interesting object for this prompt, which focuses on objectivity. In real life, people make opinions based on pieces of evidence given to them. Even Historians claim differently from each other as they do not have universal truth (the most objective truth) that everyone agrees. So, there is a clear limitation for knowledge in the History book. This is the main reason why this object links to this exhibition. From this, the history book supports that there is no absolute objective knowledge. Yet, knowledge will still be produced with the help of records and observations taken in the past.

This happens mainly because of the close relationship between perspectives and knowledge. history is the study of past events. Unfortunately, it is impossible for us to go to the past. The information historians can access is limited. Hopefully, there are still shreds of evidence and historians make arguments using them. Even though history is not a collection of facts, it is worth reading. We learn from the past. For instance, by remembering the past, we can prepare for similar disasters.

Back to the objectivity discussion, knowledge is limited by our senses and emotions. It is inevitable for humans to have different ideas from each other. People cannot present a piece of information without subjectivity. But, Is full objectivity really important? History is the subject of subjective views from historians. Yet, it teaches students and even adults. It not only lets people know the past but also lets them use it in the present.

Object 1

2022-06-05 11:40:26 UTC

This object is my iPad Pro that I use everyday for studying and entertaining. I believe this is the improvement because it gives me a new and faster way of accessing and understanding new knowledge.

This object is particularly interesting for this exhibition because it is very useful to understand new knowledge by using the collection of data kept safely. For saving the data more effectively, the new technology of this object uses the application of Good Notes, which was developed from writing on papers. The collection of my data in the iPad can be used as a useful and valuable resource when I try to develop my knowledge, which explains the inclusion of my object in this exhibition. In my iPad Pro, I save my note-takings from all the classes in order to understand the new or other knowledge that I learn in future classes since I would not remember the past knowledge perfectly. Keeping and collecting data safely is highly important for acquiring and developing knowledge as the data functions as evidence and helps me to remember what I understood in the past. Hence, this object can be

interpreted as an improved knowledge upon past knowledge as it allows me to gain and improve my knowledge through the collection of data.

This object also enriches this exhibition because it offers me better and faster accessibility to other knowledge, which is very valuable for the acquisition of knowledge. iPad Pro uses the M1 chip, a new technology developed from A-series chips, which is proved by evidence that the speed of this object to be 3.5 times faster than old iPads (Clover). This is important since I can access new or other knowledge more quickly. For example, Netflix, which requires a higher capability, helps me to understand new knowledge about other perspectives and various cultures by accessing international films. When the current technology gives us the emotional impacts that help us to understand and interact with others, we can know that the object is an improvement upon past knowledge because we can feel and share the emotions. As the speed of objects gets faster, I am able to access the knowledge faster and it can save time to acquire the knowledge. All of us have limited time and with faster speed, we can get more knowledge with iPad in limited time, which supports the inclusion of this object in the exhibition. So, I know that current knowledge of making iPad in Apple is an improvement upon past knowledge of Apple when I can gain new knowledge and expand old ones.

Object 2

2022-06-05 11:40:59 UTC

This object can block the blue light from electronic devices. It has become very useful as more and more people use electronic devices everyday and experience problems with their eyesight due to bluelight; however, this object solves this problem.

I chose this object because it is useful to help me understand knowledge about the negative effect of the blue light on my vision. Based on the new application of the technology of a blue light-blocking agent and pigments, this object can decrease the bluelight affection rate to 5% (“What to Look”), which justifies the inclusion of this object in this exhibition. Through the use of this object, I gained knowledge of protecting and preventing having bad eyesight in future. So, the current knowledge can be interpreted as an improvement upon past knowledge since it is very useful to the acquisition of knowledge for protecting our eyesight, which makes us respond to the future health issue regarding our vision.

This object highlights that it allows me to gain new knowledge of how to reduce my eye strain, which is important for maintaining my concentration. When I started to take online classes everyday, I suffered from my eye strain, which made it very difficult for me to concentrate on the lesson as I kept rubbing or massaging my eyes often. My bluelight glasses help me to know how to increase my concentration by reducing the tiredness of my eyes. Through my personal experience, I can be certain that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge when the new technology produces other knowledge of alleviating the pre-existing eye health problem.

Object 2: Bible

2022-06-05 11:41:02 UTC

Bible is a book, which is about Christianity. It introduces a series of stories, God’s law. It is also related to ethics. It has been translated and changed over time, getting affected by the perspectives of writers heavily. Perspectives links to subjectivity. Thus, my prompt, which is about objectivity achieved in the production of knowledge is closely related. The bible is having a strong connection with me because I believe in Christianity. After going to church with my family every Sunday, the bible became familiar to me.

As the language changes over time, the words and tone also differ from the original book. Thus, in real life, there are some bible transitions that are strange or different from the original. In other words, the translations of the bible vary. Translated Bibles are not wrong but less objective as it is based on the editor’s word choice.

Thus, as people alter the Bible into multiple languages, the book will be more subjective as time goes by. The perspectives of editors will make the knowledge less reliable. Perspectives of humans are limitations in this case. The different ideas will make a special and creative result. This proves that the production of a bible book (knowledge) will have limited objectivity as it will change drastically over time. At the same time, people can know the creative views of people. Then, can perfect objectivity be achieved? And should it be there? Does perfect objectivity overweigh People’s special minds?

Object 3

2022-06-05 11:41:46 UTC

This object is vaseline, made by Robert Chesebrough, is used as moisturizers or repair of minor burns. It offers a good solution to the people who suffer from dry skin, which helps us to gain better knowledge of responding to skin problems.

Thinking about this object, we have realized a better understanding of knowledge for responding to dry skin problems more quickly and effectively. After the discovery of

petroleum jelly, we became able to understand skin care more in-depth as this object solves the dry skin problems with better moisturization than before. This knowledge produces the further knowledge that experts apply this object to cure skin irritations faster. Through the application of the current knowledge, doctors gain a new ability to cure and soothe skin problems. Hence, the new knowledge can be perceived as an improvement upon the lack of knowledge in skin problems since this object allows us to get the ability to react faster to the problems with dry or irritating skins.

This object highlights its simpler usage for the treatment of my skin, which proves that the current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge. Personally, I often use this object whenever my skin gets dry or irritated even though I am not an expert like doctors or specialists. This shows that the current knowledge helps me to gain the ability to take care of my skin problems because I feel very safe and find it easy to use for soothing my skin. Since the previous or traditional medicines like oils for skin are difficult and slower to soothe the skin irritation compared to the vaseline, this offers not only the experts but also the non-experts the easier solution to any future skin irritations. Therefore, vaseline can be interpreted as an improvement from the past knowledge when we feel safe and gain the ability for treating our skin problems more easily without the help of the experts.

Object 3: Korean dictionary

2022-06-05 11:42:32 UTC

This is a Korean dictionary. As I was born and lived in Korea, I speak Korean. When I was in Korea, I never thought learning Korean is special. It just seemed usual. However, after getting into an international school, I find the language more significant. It is because it is evidence of my cultural background. Language can help communication. Using Korean, my mother tongue, I can express my ideas and feelings. I was born to speak it. Yet, I had never learned it deeply in the past.

Ironically, I had to study Korean more in China. I started to look at the dictionary to find definitions of words that I am not aware of. Suddenly, an idea came to my mind. The definition of dictionaries is different from each other. This is due to the preferences and choices editors make. And These are because of the feeling and emotions humans have. They feel a different thing when looking at the same thing. Objectivity, which is a significant topic of my prompt, should not contain feelings. Thus, it links to my prompt.

We can see making a dictionary as the production of knowledge. Dictionary has knowledge about the language “Korean”. But, there are different dictionaries as different writers are there. Objectivity is possible as the dictionary only has a definition, not a claim. Yet, as it is written with people’s subjective views, it would affect the objectivity of the book. This would happen when making a new dictionary with a different author. The editor’s preference for words is significant. Then, what extent of objectivity is achieved by these different dictionaries? The objects suggest that objectivity is mixed with subjectivity. In other words, the knowledge without emotions and feelings will get impacted by subjectivity (different perspectives of writers).

Object 1: iPhone 1st generation

2022-06-05 11:46:45 UTC

This object is an iPhone 1st generation my mom used in 2007. It’ll explain how we can know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge. It was innovation and invention. It was the first smartphone functions as a widescreen iPod with touch controls, a revolutionary mobile phone, and a breakthrough internet communicator. It changed the whole world’s IT market. It triggered IT boom. The main difference between the iPhone 1st generation and today’s smartphone is function and performance. The development of the smartphone was possible due to the previous work and experience on the early model. The iPhone 1st generation was an improvement of the previous phone model, which is big and not portable.

As time passes, science and technology have developed rapidly. Huge components for the device could be reduced its size and improve performance. The development of semiconductor engineering and information technology made the iPhone improve. The iPhone 1st generation couldn’t use cellular data, but it was able to use the internet with a wi-fi connection. However, its function has been improved. A year later, Apple released the iPhone 3G, which can use cellular data and become the guideline for a further smartphones.

People became to prefer communicating with others through messages and calls. It provided more opportunities for people to communicate in different places by activating social media and other platform. It changed people’s lifestyles, especially communication methods. Furthermore, my current phone, iPhone 11 has many differences. It has better camera, wi-fi connection, etc. Having a better internet connection and a better camera with a widescreen helps us to eliminate bias by allowing people to access latest information with visual references. For example, some people have been doing live streaming to let people know what is happening in Ukraine now. It contains the actual situation and delivers the fact without any framing. Thus, people outside Ukraine can know the condition with more objective perspective. The first generation involved the overall improvement and development of the iPhone. Through the development of the iPhone, we can see how past knowledge developed and consists of today’s knowledge.

Conclusion

2022-06-05 11:52:35 UTC

To conclude, the Dada needle dispenser shows knowledge depending on cultural background and membership of a community of knowers. Buddha statue reflects cultural knowledge that can make the knower avoid gaining accurate knowledge. Lucky bag indicates the examination of culture depends on which knowledge is used. Hence, culture and knowledge relationships can vary in different contexts.

Object 2

2022-06-05 11:54:08 UTC

It is a sandwich model, that I drew during a biology lesson. In 1935, Davson and Danielli proposed the cell membrane model, which was the first discovery of protein associated with the cell membrane. It contains the previous cell membrane model. The phospholipid bilayer is located between two protein layers. They used the newly invented electronic microscope to discover the cell membrane structure. The electron microscope allowed the greater magnification of the cell membrane. Therefore, they were able to observe the white layer between two black layers like a sandwich. It was the improved version of Gorter and Grendel’s cell membrane model and helped progress the knowledge of the cell membrane structure.

Science is an imperfect subject, which is always being up-to-date by other people’s studies. Especially, biology is a subject hugely impacted by the development of technology. The characteristic of science triggers that makes scientists keep working on their work for advanced and more accurate knowledge. Technological development made hypotheses raised in the past to be either proven or disproven. A new hypothesis is also proposed. The sandwich model had been proven as incorrect structure by Singer and Nicolson’s new propose, which proteins, cholesterols, and other molecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. but it gave the basis to investigate and postulate about further improvement.

The cell membrane model was updated several times and became more accurate over time. Scientists discovered improved knowledge due to the nature of science. It’s always required scientific and factual evidence to support their studies. It builds on the prior knowledge as the cell membrane did. When the scientist proposed the cell membrane structure, people were biased and believed the structure is correct as we are doing now. However, the structure of the cell membrane that is used in today’s scientific field is the fluid mosaic model. From this point, we could know every current scientific knowledge was based on past knowledge, which is developed by many scientists.

Object 3

2022-06-05 11:56:46 UTC

is the lecture note reconstructed and published by the disciples of Saussure, the authority and founder of structural linguistics and semiotics. It was controversial because it wasn’t written by Saussure, so some scholars argue it didn’t reflect Saussure’s academic world completely. It is still considered the masterpiece of linguistics of the 20th century.

This book introduces the theories of the basis of modern linguistics and semiotics. Saussure’s discovery changed the linguistic research stream. The linguistic research before Saussure was only focused on the written language rather than the spoken language. There hadn’t been taking any research on the nature of language. Thus, by changing the perspective, Saussure could provide the extension of the linguistics concepts such as langue, parole, synchrony, and diachrony.

For example, there is a coin that has 1 RMB value. Value of the coin is determined by what product can be exchanged with it and relationship with currency system. The meaning of symbol expression is determined by the currency system. Combination of meaning and value consist of the symbol that express the things can be done with 1RMB. Saussure said there aren’t many natural relation between expression and meaning of symbol, but it constructs the linguistic system. It’s just to limit the linguistic meaning of things, not the meaning of things. Many people didn’t think about the concept of the semiotics before Saussure, even it was existing. Through building the semiotics and structuralism, we could establish the order in component of language and identify how the past knowledge impact current linguistic knowledge.

Bibliography

2022-06-05 12:00:06 UTC

“IPhone 13 Launch: How Apple IPhone’s Design Has Evolved over the Years, in Photos.” News18, 11 Sept. 2021, www.news18.com/photogallery/tech/iphone-13-launch-how-apple-iphones-design-has-evolved-over-the-years-in-photos-4192310-2.html. Accessed 26 May 2022.

On, Belita. Sandwich Mode : Davson and Danielli Model, 4 Dec. 2021.

“Course in General Linguistics (Classic Reprint): Saussure, Ferdinand De: 9781397663894: Amazon.com: Books.” Amazon.com, 24 Aug. 2018, www.amazon.com/Course-General-Linguistics-Classic-Reprint/dp/1397663898. Accessed 26 May 2022.

Commentary:

2022-06-05 12:19:47 UTC

Object 1:
The album is way for knowledge about personal issues with drug abuse and mental health to be talked about openly and discussed more explicitly among communities. The inclusion of this object is due to the realm of possibilities it can offer a variety of individuals and communities as it tackles taboo issues like mental health and drug abuse which share a symbiotic relationship. The range of possibilities the "real world" can offer young people lacking in knowledge in those issues is also concurrent with this album. It not only teaches knowers of the negativity in the world, but it also allows them to learn how to avoid or to cope with these issues specifically if they become subject to it. The topic of realms of possibilities are key in this object as it specifically mentions issues personal with the artist. The knowledge he provides in his music can be limited in how understandable the messages portrayed are to those who don't share the same experiences or knowledge as the artist. Through this, imagination plays a role in creating a world in which this knowledge can be applied and accessed by those who couldn't before. The role of imagination in this object is key as it asks the listener to explore a variety of perspectives and possibilities by creating false realities, in which the knowledge can be applied to themselves, which unbeknown to the listener could plague them in the future. The artist uses the music to give a guide to those who don't have in order to avoid doing what he did. Despite the surface level of understanding being quite clear to all listeners, there is also a limitation in the imagination of many listeners as the imagination of the artist may not be the same due to the differing experiences him and his listeners have had throughout life. Many people will have perspectives on issues like his which don't comply with his music and therefore limits the role of which imagination can aid those lacking in knowledge of the world. Overall, issues regarding mental health have led me to look for a job based around psychology.

Object 2:
Peaky Blinders is a TV show aired in 2013. This was a newfound interest of mine which cultivated my attention for many weeks as I endlessly binged all the seasons as I wanted to know more on what was gonna happen. This source of entertainment not only allowed me to enjoy a new TV show, but allowed my imagination to play a role in understanding the experiences and life problems the characters went through of this fictional TV show. This allows me to better understand the show and it creates a deeper connection to the characters. The understanding of a different era is impossible for viewers to know what it was like during the 1920's, which is a limitation as to how much they can understand, however imagination not only plays a key role in understanding, but it also opens up to the knowledge which becomes available such as societal norms and social systems in that era. This knowledge not only allows for critical judgement by analysing 2 different types of societies, but it allows for the creation of opinion and hence advanced knowledge. This can be a way to use both the past and the present to improve the future. Curiosity's breeding of knowledge is also a vital part as curiosity and imagination can work in conjunction. The curiosity in this context leads knowers to learn about distinct time periods and places and the show is one such facet to access this knowledge. It provides a unique way to learn about history. The show also allows me to adapt specific acting roles or sets that I would think are similar to those I use in theatre and henceforth expanding my knowledge further to aid a class in school, with the aid of imagination. This would not only allow me to get a better grade, but it would allow me to know more about an era based around war, a personal interest of mine.

Object 3:
Hot wheels are toy cars produced to innovate young minds and to give car enjoyers small hopes of what's real and of what can be achieved from success. I chose this object because as a child it was the source of false worlds which were only possible to due to my imagination. Imagination as a child allowed me to create new stories everyday. I would create different situations and issues which led me to expand my knowledge and perspectives My knowledge on conflict solving and decision making broadened, and it turned out to be a vital skill necessary in life. The creation of stories allowed me to also have the ability to have a contrasting perspective on a situation. My longing for innovation in my stories, pushed me to read more books and overall demanded me to further explore a variety of topics to make the stories versatile. This showed my creative side that was developed because of my vivid imagination. Despite the usefulness to myself, it is limited due to its mostly male audience, and the connection it shares with other children could be varied as fast cars might not be everyone's preferred toy. Hot wheels have also allowed me to further expand my knowledge as I have aged. This knowledge had developed within my personal interests of sports and since then I have been a motorsport fan. The creation of knowledge about the world has been the most prominent through this object as it has allowed myself, and many other kids to positively affect our future routes whether that be in jobs or interests.

Intro

2022-06-05 12:22:17 UTC

The IA prompt I have is “why do we seek knowledge?”. This exhibition investigates IA
prompt through art, history and language. Knowledge can be shaped by many external factors,
specifically on art that all people are aware of can be interpreted in many ways. People have
different cultural background and biases so they might only be scratching the surface of a
specific object, not fully understand the knowledge.

Object 1: a website for saving dogs and cats

2022-06-05 12:22:58 UTC

Seeking knowledge is a process of questioning to everything that exists in our lives.
This gives opportunities to find the truth ourselves.
A website devoted to saving animals fights the disastrous effects on animal abuse.
The websites provide a sanctuary system for homeless animals and rehabilitating
abused and neglected animals. Even though there are many foundation supporting and
saving animals, there are still many animals In danger. However, the seriousness of
helping and saving animals has been aware by more people, the aspect of this
problem shows being solved. Personal gain of knowledge could have a powerful
influence to this problem.
One of the most well-known cases caused by these knowledges is a bringing human
ingenuity. They differentiate the thoughts on majority of animals. This has reduced
the gap between farm animals and other animals like cats and dogs. And also created
many stereotypes on both farm animals and non-farm animals. Farms animals were
considered to be good producers of food for humankind. In contrast, animals like
cats and dogs are now becoming a friend of human.

Object 2: Mona Lisa (portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci)

2022-06-05 12:23:26 UTC

Mona Lisa is one of the most well-known art work in the world. There are many arguments on
the Mona Lisa. These arguments include the facial expression of her whether she is smiling or
not and her eyebrows. There has been a huge number of talks about it. This brings an idea of
human ingenuity and indigenous societies about how the Mona Lisa can be interpreted by
people.
Specifically, the standard of beauty of woman in renaissance period, was not to have eyebrows.
This also has been disproven by many people and the argument is still on going but the thing
is that the ideas of eyebrows in Mona Lisa are valued well even though the it has been more
than 500 years since it was made.
Another aspect linked to knowledge-indigenous is that the facial expressions of Mona Lisa. It
throws two questions “is Mona Lisa smiling”” and “is Mona Lisa frowning?”. She is thought
to have no genuine smile. However, in our society, smiling always comes first in facial
expressions. Smiling is considered to be normal. What this means that being normal and acting
normal is a common factor we seek for in a new thing.

Object 3: WW2 photo

2022-06-05 12:24:00 UTC

World War 2 can answer to the question “why do we seek knowledge?” because there are many
arguments behind this photo. The picture was taken during the war, nonetheless, the people in
the picture look very happy. However, in reality, many people were injured and killed in this
war. That's why many people see this picture only as a picture that shows that you can be happy
even in a war.
This object is very suitable for TOK because people who see this picture can interpret it in their
own way, and in the end this explains why we need to seek knowledge.

Object 1

2022-06-05 12:24:02 UTC

The first object is a digital camera. Knowledge can be determined from different perspectives by different groups, so it is hard to be convinced that some types of knowledge are more useful or not. This means we gain knowledge mainly from our own culture and identity. Furthermore, they can change with the times, becoming new or old. This is my main idea for this IA prompt, and there is a connection with a digital camera. When I was young, my father mainly used this camera to take pictures of memories of my family. It wasn't long after digital cameras became popular, so I took them for granted an d efficiently, but my parents thought it was bizarre and uncomfortable. When my parents were young, they thought film cameras would be the most useful because there weren't digital cameras. In other words, people's knowledge changes with the times. I think that knowledge same like this digital camera, will change with the changing times.

For example, many people take pictures at the beach. However, from person to person, the background of beach pictures can be different. It can be the sea, sandcastles, or others. Photographs can change completely depending on who takes them and how might reflect cultures and backgrounds. This may be related to the concept of knowledge that people have different values from different memories. My parents and I are from different generations and have different knowledge of the ocean, so it's different how to take pictures. However, we can't criticize each other's knowledge, we don't have to correct it, we need to respect each other. However, if a man thinks his knowledge is the only right and forces it on others to get it, the value of his knowledge will be diminished and considered useless. Therefore, it is not always possible to say that certain knowledge is useful, and sometimes it is not useful depending on who has it.

Object 2

2022-06-05 12:25:35 UTC

The second object is a balance scale. The balance scale is mainly used when comparing the weights of two objects, but these days, there are many electric balances, which can show the exact weight but only measure one object. However, my chosen object can compare the weights of two objects instead of knowing the exact weight value. We have a confirmation bias that most of the things that have developed are unconditionally superior to before.

For example, phones used to be big and difficult to carry around, but now they are easy to carry and have all kinds of functions. Therefore, we usually think development is always better than before. Useful knowledge should not contain subjective or biased ideas that can be used appropriately in real life after we have acquired it. If knowledge takes in the subjective point of view the value will fall, and its weight will weigh less than that of useful knowledge. Conversely, if knowledge is very useful and many people want it, the value will rise and its weight will be very heavy.

However, if some of these exceptions occur, can the weight of the knowledge be light or heavy? If ants use scales, they will think most objects are heavier than they are, but if we compare the weight of apples with ours, then of course apples will be heavier than ours. In this way, knowledge is judged differently depending on each person's point of view, and its usefulness is difficult to conclude objectively.

Object 3

2022-06-05 12:28:36 UTC

The last one we chose is the mask that we use a lot these days. It has triggered many changes worldwide over the past two years since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2019. Among them, the most obvious change is this mask. Before the outbreak of the new coronavirus infection, few people wore masks, such as celebrities mainly used masks to protect their privacy. Therefore, this tremendous pandemic had a significant impact not only economically but also on the existing knowledge that most people had. Not only that, but online has become very active and more active through online meetings, school classes, and company meetings. A lot of things happened that we couldn't have imagined until just a few years ago, and they greatly influenced our existing viewpoints and knowledge of the world.

Young children who go to school for the first time after the outbreak of the pandemic naturally listen to online classes and usually wear masks when they go to school. This is how knowledge changed. This change in knowledge does not mean that the knowledge that we have before the pandemic is useless. With existing knowledge, we are looking for ways to develop vaccines and end this situation because we know the convenience of meeting and communicating with people face to face without masks. If we think existing knowledge is no longer useful and turn it into knowledge like those children, the infection can continue without end. Then we will take it for granted people are dying of the virus, and that the global economy is in a slump. By that, children's knowledge is not wrong. Their knowledge is inevitably created by society. Since they are young, they depend heavily on what they have experienced in person. Therefore, by respecting their knowledge, wearing masks and online classes, and trying to develop more convenient masks and develop online educational applications.

Such different knowledge is respected for each other, and their respective advantages can be used to create a better society and prevent conflict with each other. As in the example above, society has developed further by accepting different knowledg

Link to my TOK exhibition presentation

2022-06-05 13:21:54 UTC

https://flipgrid.com/s/dKZ_jNUgDFD6

Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?

2022-06-05 13:49:53 UTC

Object 1: Darwin's theory of evolution

2022-06-05 13:51:36 UTC

As people live their lives, it is natural for them to wonder where humanity came from. In the past, even if there was no scientific basis, many people believed religions that mankind was created by God and as time goes by, more kinds of religions have produced and more people began to believe this knowledge and belief. However, because of the development of science and technology, the creation of new scientific evidence for human development created new knowledge and theory about the evolution by Darwin. The optional theme for this object is technology. He researched evolution and with the advance in technology, he could make the theory of evolution with scientific evidence. Scientific facts and evidence have given rise to a new knowledge that mankind, which people believed without scientific evidence, was not created by God. Darwin’s theory of evolution states that ‘all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce’. People have no choice not to believe this new knowledge and uncertain established values or beliefs of birth of mankind must be replaced by new knowledge through development of technology. However, it is impossible to change all people’s knowledge. People may ignore this new scientific based knowledge and if they do not want to believe it, no matter how solid the evidence is, it may not work because of any prejudice or belief that people already had. Especially, people having a religion may try not to believe Darwin’s theory of evolution no matter how clear it is as they want to believe that the religion is an answer for them. Therefore, established knowledge should be changed by new knowledge if it has problem, but it will not change because of stereotypes, different perspective and strong beliefs that are difficult to be changed

Object 2: Hand side

2022-06-05 13:52:12 UTC

Most countries are based on right handed person and there was a culture and tradition of using the right hand as the main hand for many countries. However, left hand has been a hand that is hated by many people and does not receive much good awareness for many people which historically tends to be similar in most countries, especially in East Asia such as China, Korea and Japan where this culture and perception are particularly strong. The optional theme for this object is technology. At the same time, it is also related to indigenous societies as this is a perception problem and bias of society. Most societies follow traditions of countries and they have continued until now which shows the result of the perception of left handed these days even though new technology discovers the benefit of left handed. However, according to a new scientific results and knowledge today, left-handed people are more creative, imaginative and insightful than right-handed people. This is a very important strength for people and if any of these are good, it is a significant advantage in living life, so there have been better perception of left-handed people since this new knowledge were revealed. However, people have a faith and persistence to believe what they want to believe, so if they strictly follow tradition or have old thoughts, it is difficult to change the established values or beliefs of left-handed people even if in fact they have advantages. Therefore, it is not easy to change established values or beliefs by new knowledge because there are various factors including stereotype, strong beliefs and different perspectives that make difficult to change everyone’s knowledge, yet, the perception for this object can be better over time as society of the world is getting changed through the development of technology.

Object 3: World map

2022-06-05 13:52:53 UTC

The world map that we often use today is created by Mercator, the Dutch, in 1569. It is usually used for the location and size of the countries and oceans. In the past, the world map was essential and very important when using it to interact with, trade with, and war with other countries. Most people think that the world map contains all the accurate Earth appearance and location, but this is not true. The optional theme used for this object is technology. This is because as it develops over time, a new knowledge has emerged which was that the Mercator projection which is used for the world map is not accurate. Also, as time goes by, other methods were invented such as the Mollweide and Peters projection for the world map. Since the new knowledge has revealed, it would be better for people to adapt the new knowledge to the established value of the world map. The value for the world map is significantly important, so changing it more accurately should be better for understanding the truthful world. However, majority of people still prefer to use Mercator’s world map. Although an advance of technology can benefit them, they tend not to adapt other methods for the world map because it is much easier to use, difficult to change as most people believe it to be the truth, and they are already using it with convenience. If the world map is forced to adapt the new knowledge to be more accurate, there would be many problems within confusion as its history is long and people do not try to change their familiar habits. Therefore, the development and knowledge of the new technology should help us understand the world better and the value of existing maps we use now should also be developed, but it is difficult to change its values or beliefs as people do not accept them easily and may cause serious confusion which can have adverse impact on the world.

Object 1: Zoom Meetings

2022-06-05 14:49:55 UTC

“Zoom Meetings” is a video conferencing platform created by the founder Eric Yuan (“Eric Yuan & Family”, n.d.). The purpose of Zoom is to allow people to virtually meet with others by video or audio-only or both, and I have used this object when my school went on online learning.

This object exemplifies how knowledge, opinion, belief can be distinguished by specifically focusing on the concept of “skills” and “familiarity” which is the key definition of knowledge. Through Zoom, people have acquired two forms of knowledge. First, knowledge is not only about the fact, but it also refers to skills and familiarity gained by an individual’s experience or education. Hence, by constantly handling Zoom, people have obtained knowledge about ways to use Zoom techniques, such as clicking the hand icon to virtually raise the hand. From another perspective, people have gained knowledge about different paths of accessing knowledge through Zoom. However, through zoom, we were able to innovate new ways of learning and interacting, which is hugely important knowledge in this advanced society. Knowledge is something that is “certain”, whereas an opinion is something that is “uncertain” because opinion is created by senses and can be altered, hence, these two cannot be similar. Plato, a famous philosopher, once said “opinion is really the lowest form of human knowledge. It requires no accountability, no understanding.” (Bill Bullard, n.d.). However, Zoom was manufactured by diverse people specialized in different field gathering up their knowledge and testing the product to reach a clear purpose. Hence, it is not considered as opinion. In addition, Zoom is neither an object derived for cultural purposes which is why it cannot be linked to the idea of belief.

Zoom demonstrates how technology creates new knowledge. Zoom provided new forms of knowledge by not only offering new ways of accessing knowledge but also allowing people to acquire skills related to virtual conferencing through their experience of handling it. Without the sophisticated technology, none of these would have been achieved. Zoom can also be correlated with the optional theme, language, since it offers nine languages (“Using Language Interpretation in Your Meeting or Webinar”, 2022). By setting diverse languages in their software program, it allowed many people to comfortably interact, share, and interpret their thoughts.

Object 2: Dreamcatcher

2022-06-05 14:53:00 UTC

When I turned 15, my parents gave me a dreamcatcher for my birthday gift and that was when I first saw this object. Dreamcatcher is a handmade willow hoop that has derived from the Ojibwe people, who are a group of natives of North America (McKiernan, 2018). The hoop that looks like a spider web symbolizes that the nightmares are entangled through the pattern of sinew inside the hoop.

According to the Ojibwe’s oral traditions, a Spider-woman called Asibikaashi was in charge of putting the sun up on the sky every morning. The sun normally sent its’ energy to the people in the tribe, but this was getting difficult as the tribe grew larger. Since she could not get the energy to all the people, she enlisted grandmothers to young females to create hoops that would hold the energy of dreams. The bad dreams were caught by the web in the center while good dreams would pass through the web and arrive at the sleeper (“The History and Meaning of Dreamcatchers - Elements”, 2017).

This object explains how knowledge and belief can be distinguished. Belief is an unknown concept that people rely on due to their cultural or personal faith. By applying this definition to this object, dreamcatcher surely represents the word “belief”. This is because in indigenous society, knowledge hardly exists since any information are more likely to be created from their traditional belief and religion due to their customs that have been passed down from generation to generation. Many cultures have their distinct legends or mythology based on their traditional faith and Asibikaashi is one of the people that appear in Ojibwe’s mythology. In past, there were lack of resources to confirm something as knowledge, and there were fights against specific tribes. Hence, this has led them to make their own mythology based on their faith to strengthen their tribe’s identity and serve as navigation of life. Dreamcatcher cannot be related to “knowledge” since it cannot be justified with absolute certainty as it is a product that has derived from indigenous people’s imagination. In other words, this object has demonstrated the optional theme of knowledge & indigenous society by informing that belief is regarded as knowledge in indigenous society.

Object 3: Duck-rabbit painting

2022-06-05 14:55:24 UTC

The “Duck-Rabbit” painting was drawn by Joseph
Jastrow, who is a famous American psychologist. He
created this piece of drawing to test how quickly people
can see the second animal and then change their
perception of the drawing to switch between the two animals (Cox, 2016). However, as this picture was shared through social media, people’s contrasting opinion became the focal point. This picture contains an image of two animals: a duck and a rabbit. Some people perceive this picture as a duck because of its’ thick beak, while some people view it as a rabbit because of the mouth that is folded inwards and its’ straight ears.

This object can be used to explain how “opinion” and “knowledge” can be distinguished. Opinion defines a judgment and the way people think. The “Duck-Rabbit” painting well represents this terminology, because people attempted to draw a reasonable conclusion about why they believe this image depicts a rabbit or duck based on facts, which here refers to the way this image is being perceived. In contrast, knowledge must be verifiable such as by numbers and testimony that provides crucial support for one’s assertion. Hence, when people use “knowledge” to interpret this object, they would not argue whether it is a duck or rabbit. They would rather “learn” that this piece of picture can be viewed through diverse perspectives and that it was created to test people’s mental activity. This is verifiable since the artists of this drawing once mentioned that this was to examine human’s mental activity, which is why he has purposely mixed the feature of two animals. In order to be an opinion, it needs to mainly satisfy these two questions: Is it changeable and arguable? In addition, this object linked to the optional theme of "knowledge and language", because it exemplified how the change of single word, duck or rabbit, can bring huge difference to the definition and interpretation of an object.

Intro

2022-06-05 15:01:23 UTC

IA prompt that I chose is "What is the relationship between personal experience and knowledge?” The keywords of this IA prompt are knowledge and relationship. Relationship is a connection between things with common factors and knowledge is an idea that is justified. IA Prompt with the core theme “Knowledge & Knower” discusses how knower’s experience contributes to acquisition of knowledge and how it cause knowers be biased.

First object: Chopsticks for Kids

2022-06-05 15:03:14 UTC

The first object is chopsticks for kids. The object is a tool for kids to practice using chopsticks. My personal connection to the object is I used the object to learn how to use chopsticks when I was a kid.

From personal experience, I find using this object useful in my acquisition of how to use chopsticks and I will recommend this object to young learners. However, some knowers might find this object useless due to their lack of experience with the object, hence creating a bias towards this object.

Knowledge question “What constitutes a “good reason” for us to accept a claim?” identifies relationship between personal experience and knowledge by discussing whether personal experience is a good method and tool to support knowledge claim. My personal experience used as tool to support the claim that “using the chopstick for kids is helpful for acquisition of how to use chopstick” made knowers who have common personal experience with me to agree, which shows personal experience in common is a good reason for knowers to accept a claim. However, knowers without experience will have a bias toward the object and reject the knowledge acquisition which shows the limitation of personal experience to be a good reason.

In other words, knowledge claim with personal experience used as a reason has subjective certainty that depends on knowers’ value. Knowers with common value to the personal experience used the reason will believe the claim has high certainty while knowers without common value to the reasoning will believe it has low certainty. The conclusion to the IA prompt is that personal experience of knower is helpful for knowledge acquisition but only when it is shared with the knowledge.

Second object: CT scan of my ankle

2022-06-05 15:04:32 UTC

The second object is a CT scan of my ankle. The object is used for checking internal damage. The CT scan proved that my ankle is fractured, and I learned how it feels.

Since I have experience with bone fracture, I was sure that it also happened to my friend who was having the same pain. However, when he took a CT scan, the doctor said it was not a fracture. This shows my experience was not helpful for knowledge acquisition in this case.

Knowledge question “Are there types of knowledge that are specifically linked to particular communities of knowers?” identifies the link of IA prompt and the object by showing personal experiences are not helpful for knowledge acquisition for certain area, hence it creates bias to knowers. My personal experience gave me(knower) limited idea of how fracture feels, which is helpful to identify if it's fracture when I feel the pain again. However, the experience was not helpful to knowledge acquisition. This is because the area of knowledge is linked to the communities of knowers who have medical understandings with wider perspective within the knowledge, in this case doctors. Experience of knowers without understanding of the knowledge creates bias and cause them to have narrow perspective within the knowledge and hinders them from the knowledge acquisition, just like how I(knower) thought it is sure that my friend’s ankle is fractured.

To conclude, whether personal experience is helpful for knowledge acquisition depends on the area of knowledge. In areas of knowledge that require understanding, experiences help knowledge acquisition. However, acquisition is extremely limited, and it causes knowers to be more biased than knowers without experience because it creates them to have narrow perspective.

Third object: Shinai

2022-06-05 15:05:23 UTC

The third object is a Shinai stick that I used when I was learning Kendo. The object is used for training kendo. For me, I gained experience of kendo by training and participating in tournaments and competitions with it for 4 years.

I found this object useful for the acquisition of knowledge. This is because due to the experience of training kendo, I could easily learn how to play golf. However, even though both use sticks, the way it is used is different. For me, I had used a stick as a weapon for 4 years, so even though I hold a golf club, I hold them like they are weapons. This shows whether personal experience is helpful for knowledge acquisition depends on their correlation.

Knowledge question “how do our interactions with the material world shape our knowledge?” discusses the relationship between personal experience and knowledge acquisition in terms of scope. My personal experience of using Shinai made me to be familiar with objects with shape of stick. Therefore, when I learn golf, I could have deeper interpretation of hitting the ball with the club than others. However, the experience hindered me from learning, because it caused me to be biased and to have interpretation that sticks are weapon. This shows lack of correlation of experience and the knowledge hindered me from knowledge acquisition.

To sum up, whether personal experience is helpful for knowledge acquisition depends on how they correlate rather than their similarities.

Outro

2022-06-05 15:06:14 UTC

The First object shows knower’s experience should be shared with the knowledge claim. The second object shows for certain knowledge, experience helps knowledge acquisition, but it creates bias. The third object shows correlation of the knowledge and experience determines whether it hinders from or helpful for knowledge acquisition. Overall, all three objects respond to the IA prompt that the personal experience of knowers is helpful for knowledge acquisition under certain conditions.

Object 1: Monk's Sarira

2022-06-05 15:44:20 UTC

My first object is Monk’s Sarira. Sarira encompasses bone fragments left after cremation of the body, but in Buddhism, it is a product of the bodies of Buddhists who are loyal to Buddha. I went to various temples since I was young. There is a pagoda in the temple that sometimes houses the Sarira. I have seen many people praying in front of tower and strengthening their faith since it symbolizing the dignity of a strict and implicit religious faith. Sarira is a mysterious bead that connects people with sky after Buddha's death however many scientists is uncertain what exactly Sarira is and how it is made.

This relates to certainty from key concepts, leading to KQ: Does certainty of knowledge affect the degree of religious belief? Knowledge transmitted within religious groups relies heavily on faith among the elements of knowledge. Faithful knowledge of religion is not based on the certain source and is invisible, so hope can be placed on its mysterious symbolism.

The group of scientists evaluate the process of Sarira generation with 'incomplete knowledge'. For scientists, knowledge is based on an approach using technology and logic because they heavily rely on justified proven fact. Differences in methodological approaches to knowledge can lead to various conclusions about certainty, and the implication of knowledge will also be applied differently depending on people and groups.

The monk's training process and faith delivered through the remaining Sarira are implicitly conveyed to posterity. Although the process is unclear, considering Sarira as a sacred object, shows that there is no certain correlation between "proof of knowledge" and "belief." For Buddhists, the transcendence of knowledge due to technology and empiricism does not affect beliefs. For Buddhists who understand and accept metaphysical knowledge through faith rather than proof, any scientific hypothesis about self-interest does not affect the certainty of religious knowledge they contain, but rather, uncertain knowledge allows them to achieve certainty based on faith. Therefore, the uncertainty of knowledge can be determined by the choice of 'knowledge' and the potential utilization category of knowledge. It imply that the nature of acquisition of knowledge define different criteria of certainty.

Object 2:

2022-06-05 15:45:12 UTC

My second object is personal medical certificate. I went to the hospital last year with a sty but the medical certificate and prescription didn't ease my symptoms.

A medical certificate is a knowledge medium that conveys the knowledge of the diagnosis from doctor to the patient. Truth that doctors have expertise in diseases, patients fully trust the doctor's knowledge. This object is related to responsibility among key concepts, and lead to KQ: To what extent knowledge recipient determine whether to accept or reject knowledge by judging the reliability and certainty of knowledge transferred from the knower? Since the knowledge on the medical certificate originated from doctors, doctors have a great responsibility for knowledge recipient. In some aspect, we do not have access to absolute knowledge. It leads to an epistemological attitude that naturally accepts even uncertain knowledge.

I believed in the diagnosis and prescription on the medical certificate because I trusted the expert, but the medicine had no effect. Knowledge is applied in real life and there is a degree of fluidity of definite perception according to various variables. In the case of diagnosis and prescription, no one can guarantee the certainty that all knowledge will be applied. Especially, uncertainty in knowledge conveyed by knower in the medical field is expressed as anxiety to third parties, which may limit treatments that can be derived from better trust relationships between doctors and patients.

If knowledge is not applied well, some people may deny 'knowing' it. However, mistakes in the application of knowledge are not negatives of 'knowing'. The perception through understanding the context of the situation is conveyed to the maximum. This means that the possibility of a change in knowledge cannot be implied. Therefore, even if there is not complete attainment of certainty, the interaction for maximum attain is the movement of knowledge that surrounds our world build the value of knowledge rather than being skeptical about the certainty of the worldview in which we live.

Object 3:

2022-06-05 15:54:36 UTC

My third object is father’s driver license. A driver's license is like a proof that an individual has sufficient knowledge and qualifications for driving. The degree of knowledge application ability of intellectuals is evaluated through a logical process.

In the relationship between knowledge and knower, it seems that knower possess knowledge, but knower' abilities can be evaluated differently according to changes in knowledge. A certain standard of knowledge for a driver's license should be acquired, but it is not certain that knowledge will work when it is applied to actual driving situations. So it leads to KQ: To what extent can gap between concept and application be reduced?

It is guaranteed that knower are acquiring the least standardized leveled knowledge for driving. However, the knowledge at the time of license acquisition does not contribute to the possibility of being utilized in practical situations.

Therefore, the certainty of the concept cannot define the certainty of application of knowledge. Various external environmental variables that exist when driving cannot be controlled because they exist on knowledge known by knower. In addition, if the world of concept and the world of application are overlooked without clearly distinguishing it, the concept will eventually be degenerate, and no certainty and confidence in the knowledge possessed can be obtained. Moreover, the possession of knowledge by an knower is only a part of the spectrum from acquisition to utilization and application of knowledge which does not contribute to the certainty of the justification of the driver's knowledge implied by the driver's license.

Intro

2022-06-05 17:36:39 UTC

Implication refers to consequence or effect of some action or decision, which action or decision indicates having, or not having, knowledge. Knowledge refers to understanding of theoretical or practical information or skills acquired through experience or education on a subject.

Having many knowledge implies it can have positive effect on me and not having knowledge implies it can have negative effect. However, knowledge is diverse and broad, so we can acquire false knowledge. To have good knowledge, we must accept knowledge with sufficient evidence. I chose to explore my exhibition on theme of ‘Knowledge and the knower’ because knower doesn’t simply accept knowledge at face value, but must accept knowledge that has sufficient evidence and certainty to support it.

Object 1: My watch that not working

2022-06-05 17:38:45 UTC

My first object is broken watch. Watch is a machine for measuring time. My mum gave it to me so that I can use this watch to tell time rather than being distracted by looking on my phone to tell time. Having my watch to tell time will allow me to practice and keep my plans, such as time to study and sleep. That implies I can use my time efficiently. When this watch was no longer working, the time management failed time was unknown.

In KF ‘Methods and tools’ the KQ is “How do we acquire knowledge?” We can acquire knowledge through experience or education. Many experiences and educations give me more accurate knowledge. However, knowledge acquired through little experience and education may not be accurate because it’s limited. My broken watch is not accurate. So, I can use various watches to acquire the exact time. So, this implies more information can acquire more accurate knowledge.

The TOK concept I chose is values. Through exact time gained through many watches, I can do something more valuable. A broken watch can waste time by acquiring the wrong time. I can get accurate time using various watches, and I can use my time efficiently and valuable.

Having the time implies I can use my time more efficiently. However, if I don’t have that knowledge, it implies I cannot manage my time and waste my time.

Object 2: My baseball (stitch)

2022-06-05 17:40:48 UTC

My second object is my ball I used to play baseball. Baseball players use the ball's stitch when they throw ball. I was baseball player. If I throw ball using stitch, I can throw the ball farther and faster. But ordinary people don't have that knowledge. So, they can't throw ball effectively.

In KF ‘Scope’ the KQ is “Why should we care about acquiring knowledge?” Being cared about acquiring knowledge allows us to gain more detail knowledge. However, if we’re not cared about acquiring knowledge, we cannot get variety of knowledge. That is, the knowledge we know is limited. If I don't care about baseball’s stitch, I cannot throw ball effectively. But if I care about this knowledge, I can throw ball more effectively and lead to victory in game.

The TOK concept is values. Throwing the ball using stitch can led to victory in baseball game because it can be thrown more effectively. So, it’s valuable to acquire and know this knowledge.

Having this knowledge implies I can do great things such as winning baseball game. However, I won't be able to do so if I don't know that knowledge.

Object 3: The book called "The Great Gatsby"

2022-06-05 17:41:57 UTC

My third object is a book called “The Great Gatsby”. Books give knowledge to people or give them pleasure and newness. As I read The Great Gatsby, I thought that having knowledge implies power. In the book, Tom had many knowledge about Gatsby, won the argument with Gatsby, and persuaded all his acquaintances. So having knowledge implies power. But not having knowledge has no power to persuade others.

In KF ‘Scope’ the KQ is “Why should we care about acquiring knowledge?” To gain knowledge is to gain power. Knowing more knowledge than the opponent means we can win the argument by targeting the opponent's weaknesses. On the contrary, if we’re not cared about obtaining knowledge, we cannot win argument because we don’t have more knowledge than opponent. Tom knew many information about Gatsby. So, Tom let Gatsby's secret out to people and let Gatsby's plan fall through

The TOK concept I chose is power. Knowing more knowledge than the opponent has stronger power than opponent because we know more favorable information than opponent.

Having more knowledge than the opponent may imply we can win argument by targeting opponent’s weaknesses. On the contrary, having little knowledge can lose an argument because there is more to not know than the others.

Outro

2022-06-05 17:42:47 UTC

By knowing the time, I can manage time, so that I can use time more efficiently, but if I don't know it, we'll waste time. By having knowledge of the reason for existence of baseball stitch, I can throw ball farther and faster. So, I can lead the baseball game to victory. But if I don't know that knowledge, I can't throw the ball effectively. Having more knowledge may imply I can win argument by targeting opponent’s weaknesses. On the contrary, having little knowledge can lose argument because I know less than others.

Having knowledge can lead me to do great things, such as managing my time well or achieving things like winning baseball game or argument. There are many advantages to having this knowledge. Time management through the watch increases my responsibility, throwing the ball more effectively using stitch helps my self-development, and winning argument through more knowledge gives me confidence.

Having knowledge can imply it makes me a more valuable person because it allows me to do great things in any subjects through more knowledge. However, not having knowledge will reduce my value because I lack the knowledge to do great things in any subject.

Intro

2022-06-06 00:45:44 UTC

My IA prompt is'Are some types of knowledge more useful than others?’The theme I chose Is knowledge& Knower. The keyword of the prompt is knowledge, which is a fact and information that acquired by a person. The knowledge has to be proved and admitted. The use of knowledge depends on the needs of the knower.

Object 1 A bottle of electrolyte drink

2022-06-06 00:51:53 UTC

This is a bottle of electrolyte drink that I would never buy if I walk into a shop because it is more expensive than a regular drink. Until I went to the gym this evening to work out, I noticed that many people were drinking this electrolyte drink, so I realized that this drink has a special use. Then I researched the use of this drink, I realize it is a drink for people who do sport to restore strength.

This relates to my IA prompt, The career or habits of a people can decide some knowledge is more useful than others. This is because the electrolyte drink is used to recover and restore strength. Therefore, this drink that contains electrolytes is useful for some typical careers such as athletes, coaches, and the people who play a lot of sports. For normal people, basically, no one will use it, and even if they are thirsty, they will not buy it because of the price. But in the refrigerator of the gym, this drink is a best-selling product. Because of the knowledge of nutrition, people realize that different drinks have different effects on humans, so electrolyte drinks will be chosen by people who do sports.

The KF I chose for this is Perspective:• Is an understanding of the perspective of other knowers essential in the pursuit of knowledge?

It is essential to understand why people choose to drink this type of drink. If I was not trying to understand why people choose to drink this expensive drink, I would never get new knowledge in the nutrition area. Therefore, understanding different perspectives are essential for us to gain new types of knowledge.

The TOK concept I chose is perspective:

People need to understand the perspective of others to gain new knowledge. For example, if I was not trying to understand the knowledge of the drink, I wouldn’t gain the new knowledge in the nutrition area. However, our perspective is essential too. If I am not doing sport, I won’t waste my money on this expensive drink. People need to stand on their perspective.

Object 2 A book called 'Five years of college entrance examination, three years of practices’

2022-06-06 00:52:41 UTC

This is a book that my cousin gave to me last month because she has already finished the Chinese college entrance examination, which is called Gaokao. She wanted to give it to me now because she heard I am going to graduate from high school. I tried to read it, however, except for the English part, I can barely understand the knowledge inside.

This relates to my IA prompt, The different needs of knowers decide some knowledge is more useful than others knowledge. In China, this is a textbook that is used by all Chinese local students, and this book has helped many people get into a university. However, the Chinese college entrance textbook is not useful for me———an IB student. Because of the differences between education systems, the knowledge can be different. IB system adapt international textbook, but Chinese local student may not understand our system.

The KF I chose is ‘Scope': What makes this theme/area of knowledge important?

The knowledge that student should learn depends on different education system. It is less important for IB student to learn Gaokao knowledge, because IB students need to get the IB exam. Therefore, the needs of IB students decides IB knowledge is more important than Gaokao knowledge. It is essential to understand the importance of knowledge depends on the need of knower.

The TOK concept I chose is Culture

The need for knowledge of the knower depends on different cultures. In Chinese culture, Gaokao is important for all students. The knowledge of Gaokao is mostly cultural and nationalism. It is good for Gaokao students to be respectful and well-understand their culture. However, the being globalization is essential for IB students, IB is different from Gaokao. Globalization is the most important theme for IB students to learn. If an IB student follows their culture too much, then this student can gain limited knowledge from IB

Object 3 A photo of my cousin doing homework on my keyboard

2022-06-06 00:53:16 UTC

I use my keyboard every single day I use it to practice singing, I use it to do composition. However, last week when my cousin visited my house, he used my keyboard as a not very good use of a table to do his Chinese homework. I was really angry about it.

This relates to my IA prompt. The background of the knower can decide some knowledge is more useful than others knowledge. Because of differences in knowledge, the use of equipment is different. I plan to study as a music major, so I use the piano as a study tool, as an essential tool of creation. The piano is of great value in the area of music. However, for people who have a different area of knowledge, the value of the equipment is different.

The KF that I chose is ‘ Methods and tools’:How important are material tools in the production and acquisition of knowledge?

In music area, piano is essential. We need piano to compose, we need piano to practice, we need piano to know music. The components of music comes from this tool, the creation of music comes from this tools. Therefore, the production of piano build the knowledge system of music.

The TOK concepts I chose is value:

The value of knowledge depends on the needs of people. Keyboard has a good value in music because it helps musicians to understand and create the music. However, the value of the keyboard for others people is less. This Is because the keyboard is not the tool for them to gain their area of knowledge.

Outro

2022-06-06 00:53:48 UTC

The first object shows that the usefulness of knowledge depends on the needs of career, such as the eletrolyte drink is useful for athletes. The second textbook shows that the usefulness of knowledge depends on the different education system, even if we are learning the subject, the content is totally different. The third object shows that musical instrument only have its use on music area. Thus, different areas of knowledge different knowledges . Even though people in different areas has their specific knowledge to learn, but they can also get to know the knowledge from others areas. For examples, a math major student can also learn music. The expanded of knowledge doesn’t impact people’s original knowledge.

Object 1

2022-06-06 01:08:56 UTC

Kentucky Fried Chicken is the flagship food product of the company with the same name. It’s been an enigma ever since the company’s inception due to the famous “Eleven Herbs and Spices” that can be found on the recipe for the Fried Chicken. This led to many attempts to uncover the recipe itself and generated much intrigue towards the company itself. Many involved in the restaurant industry have described it as “A brilliant marketing ploy” and stating that it benefits the company greatly as “everyone wants in on a secret.”

This object relates to the prompt as it demonstrates the current real world application of the prompt, the legal aspects of owning knowledge. Interestingly, the KFC Recipe is not patented as an intellectual property of the company. Which is quite curious given how a patent would legally protect the recipe. A legal definition of intellectual property ownership states that it allows one to possess, enjoy, and sell the property whilst stopping everyone else from doing so.

The recipe highlights the nature of owning new knowledge as though the legal power over the ownership of the knowledge is unprotected and undefined, the knowledge itself is still able to be limited and still remains under the control of the current owners of that knowledge. As though there’s no patent, trademark, or copyright of any sort towards the recipe, it’s still well kept from the other seven billion people on Earth despite its infamy and notoriety.

What this shows in relation to the TOK exhibition is that owning knowledge, despite the current systems employed to define the ownership of knowledge, can still be “owned” as demonstrated with the KFC recipe scenario.

Object 2

2022-06-06 01:33:59 UTC

This object is a young adult novel that follows the story of Simon, a closeted gay teen struggling as he’s being blackmailed of his secret that the blackmailer. The book itself was released during 2015, during a period where the pride movement was only in its infancy and the general approval of the LGBTQ community is still around 50% in the United States.

The book ties itself to the prompt by asking about the moral applications of owning knowledge in our everyday lives. Though the blackmailing situation was undoubtedly an immoral act. However, would the outlook on the situation change if Simon voluntarily told them about his sexuality? The ownership over these types of knowledge seems to fluctuate very quickly with a simple consent, as it would completely dissolve the issue if Simon allowed that individual to share that knowledge. It should be known that it’s legal to tell someone else about a secret such as one’s sexuality, assuming it’s not defamatory or deceitful. However, one’s still expected, via the elusive social contract, that only the originator of the knowledge should have the power to share that piece of knowledge, despite every other knower objectively having the same capacity and power to do the same. These scenarios raise the question: Is the nature of owning a piece of knowledge constitute only as having the right or allowing another to distribute that piece of knowledge, if so, are those individuals now own that piece of knowledge equally to the originator?

When it comes to knowledge that’s personal or sensitive that doesn’t fall under the law, it’s often hard to navigate the caveats of intellectual ownership.

Object 3

2022-06-06 02:55:02 UTC

This is the landing page of the Facebook Terms of Service, Facebook being a social media site that I’ve used and plenty of previous peers still continue to use. What separates Facebook from other social media platforms is the misuse of consumer data that occurred during 2019 that leaked many millions of account’s personal details such as legal names, check-in location, and passwords.

Needless to say, it’s unethical to collect information, especially such sensitive information, unbeknownst to the person. In addition to this, the data itself is being used to profit off of the users. However, all users, upon first creating an account will have to agree to the Terms of Service via clicking “I’ve read and agree to this”.

This object contributes to the exhibition by showing the real world application of ethical considerations of owning knowledge. Legally speaking, Facebook has every right to use the consumer’s data for monetary purposes, especially since it doesn’t charge the consumers for using the site. Despite this, people have been vilifying the company for “stealing” the data of its users despite handing it to them on a silver plate. Due to this, is the ownership of knowledge defined by the access to said knowledge?

To what extent is certainty attainable?AOK: Politics & knowledgeObject 1: The USA and the cold war, 1945-63, History book. We cannot ever get to the full extent of the historical events from the history books, we can get a good to a great extent of certainty, but never fully. The historical events such as for example, the assassination of John F Kennedy, nobody unless the killer of the event could know what exactly happened or how and why did he proceed to kill the president at the time. But the history book usually consists from witness of other people and that usually is very unreliable, due such things such as conformation bias, how it works is basically is that if the people already had the belief of that John F Kennedy was killed by a Russian assassin, then they will not believe the person that killed JFK is not Russian or hired by them, it will only take in the information that supports it’s previous beliefs. But what is good with history book is that it is made of from a lot of witnesses from each event, so eliminate the conformation bias as much as possible. And this can be counter argued by using the examples of a history book written by the person who caused the event him/herself, but in psychology we learned about the reconstructive memory, memory is a constructive cognitive process, the brain requires the memory to reconstruct or re-build each time that memory is retrieval, which has a lot of issues for the reliability of the memory. We cannot ever experience the full extent of certainty on most if not all the things, because people have different perspectives on everything and due to the different perspectives/bias, people will have conformation bias, therefore changing the “real” story. OBJ2: CNN news cite As how I said for the previous object “The history book. This problem happens a lot with the politics, for example, the Fox news is a right wing conservative organization, so by watching the Fox news, you will have the impression that Vladimir Putin is not such a bad guy, and Donald Trump was a very competent president, but the CNN news is a more left wing liberal organization, by watching CNN, you will have the impression that Vladimir Putin is actually a cruel dictator and Donald Trump was a very incompetent president that never did anything good for USA. By having these different biases and perspectives in news cite, when people search for information, them believes the articles that will prove their point will always pop out first, this is due to the algorithm, which is like conformation bias but in advance, because the people will already have a believe in it and by seeing an article that supports their perspectives will solidify their beliefs. News cites could actually be the place for people to be more certain in the topics they want to learn from, but what happens with most of the people is that the algorithm will just provide the information that the researchers already believe in, closing them in a bubble, therefore making them have a narrower perspective. We cannot experience full extent of certainty, by using only one news cite, people cannot ever explore many different perspectives, making the information they are receiving to have a lot of bias, therefore reaching a very small extent of certainty. OBJ3: A mirror To what extent can we be fully certain that what we see in a mirror is 100% real, not high, some people argue that what we see in the mirror as the reflection is actually a one on one copy of what it is being reflecting, but in reality, what the mirror reflects might be completely correct but it will be all in reverse, and this just happens with all natural mirrors, but it is not just mirrors. To what extent can we even trust our own eyes to give us the full certainty of information, , we have to be careful with what we see also because there is optical illusion that exist, there are mainly 2 types of optical illusion, first is the physiological illusions, this ones are very common and happen to almost to everybody without them even knowing it, for example, after seeing a bright light for too long then looking away and seeing the afterimage of the light with a opposite color. There are also cognitive illusions, an example of that would be the famous optical illusion imagen that you can see both a young lady or an old grandma, and this is due to the viewer’s individual perception, scientist found out that with that image, young people tend to see the young lady more, and old people tend to see the old grandma more. And we have to be cautious with everything we see, because due to how easy it is to actually to lie to the human eyes, a lot of people uses it for their own benefit. An example of this would be when FOX news in order to deceive their audience for their own political views, used a bar chart to deceived the audience, for the Obamacare, the goal was 7 million, and the signups were 6 million, but the bar chart of the 7 million was 5 times taller than 6 million. So therefore, we cannot be fully certain with things we see with our eyes and we need to use our critical thinking skills In-order to be sure what we see is actually what we think it is.

2022-06-06 05:25:29 UTC

Flipgrid Video

2022-06-06 11:05:00 UTC

https://flipgrid.com/s/7pepys3-zzks

Object 1

3500948686 — 2022-06-07 16:00:13 UTC

Now is the age of Internet communication. We can use a large number of mobile phones to search for the information we want to know in our life. Mobile phones are research products that carry human intelligence. It's constantly updated and getting smarter.
Through my cell phone, I can receive news and information from outside of real life. I can also conveniently search for news from around the world on my mobile browser to gain a broader understanding of what's happening in or around the world. The information I receive on my phone is closely related to the real world, and the information is constantly updated over time. This helps me organize the knowledge I have gained while reading e-news. In the process of using mobile phones, the way of acquiring knowledge is orderly and fast.
The smart system of the mobile phone usually pushes the user's favorite content through big data. Possess massive information acquisition and information storage capabilities. The mobile phone intelligent system has the ability to organize, process and analyze this information. For example: Google, Facebook, Amazon and other companies have established flexible and powerful distributed data processing clusters while the amount of data is gradually increasing. Parallel computing clusters consisting of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of computers are performing further processing and analysis on the accumulated data every moment. Using these data processing platforms, as many as tens of billions of search records are cleaned and converted into formats convenient for data analysis every day, and powerful data analysis tools are provided, which can perform aggregation, dimension transformation, classification, aggregation operations, etc. This makes the knowledge we acquire efficient and useful, and the data we read into what we need and like.

Object 2

3500948686 — 2022-06-07 16:00:53 UTC

I love photography and make photography a part of my hobby and life. As long as we are impressed by our own vision, we can enrich our perception of life around us through the sensors of our eyes. For me, the real value of photography is to document life and preserve beauty. The

photos taken are of emotional and life value, and it conveys the photographer's first emotion. Even if the person in the photo is not very good-looking and the wrinkles on the face are not as smooth as the skin, the story behind the wrinkles must be very touching.
For example, through my camera, I think the waves have an infinite number of different expressions, different emotions, but they are always quiet. In my opinion, photography is not just about taking pictures, it is more about telling a story. As with writing articles, I can often feel a deeper understanding through the photos I take. Through photography, through the images my camera captures, I see my understanding of the world and life and all its beauty and emotion. The content of a photo is always more important than its form, because the meaning of a photo is far deeper than the surface skills. Meaning and value are always relative, just like the relativity of time and space in an image. It is superficial that we often look at photos and intuitively judge the quality of those photos. Usually I calm down and take a closer look at the different meanings behind each photo, that's what the photo shoot really spreads. Photography is a way of expressing a person's psychological state, giving the viewer a sense of shock, reflection and perception. Photography can even change the fate of a person, the fate of a city, the values of a society.

Object 3

3500948686 — 2022-06-07 16:01:19 UTC

Actively exploring knowledge is more meaningful than giving answers directly. A globe is an item that can display the shape and geographic location of the earth's surface in three dimensions. It contains a lot of knowledge, and the spherical shape and turnable appearance also make it look more interesting than a stationary object. This will make me have the mentality of active exploration. I often turn the globe with my hands to play. During the process of playing, I will be subconsciously interested in the pattern icons on the surface of the sphere and learn about it. The globe was shrunk to restore the geography of the earth. It is marked with latitude and longitude, the north and south poles, the distribution of land and sea, the distribution of continents, countries and regions.
The contour map of the three-dimensional distribution of the earth is very vivid and interesting, and has detailed place names, intuitive cognition, and clear at a glance, which can better observe the topography of the earth, and have a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the earth. The earth is flat, but it presents a three-dimensional effect on the earth, which can stimulate my imagination and feel the three-dimensional space. Since the amount of information that can be explored is very large, the globe is intuitive, three-dimensional, and clearly distributed, which can fully stimulate my curiosity about the unknown world and conduct geographic exploration compared to the boring text in books.
Acquiring knowledge without the need to seek knowledge cannot make people have a mentality of active exploration, which is one of the reasons why many people think that they are learning as well as others, but they always feel that they have not remembered anything. The most important thing is to have the mentality and desire for knowledge, which can make my learning of knowledge produce long-term and continuous actions.

Object 2: Chinese Poker Game

2022-06-08 03:22:58 UTC

A popular Chinese poker game for three, Dou Di Zhu, is played at all kinds of social events, ranging from family gatherings to company networking events. Coming from a multicultural background, it was always hard for me to truly belong to a community. However, when I learned the rules of the game, I was much more accepted by my peers and Chinese family, which validated my identity. This object elevates the exhibition as it exemplifies another possible reason for seeking knowledge: the motivation for social acceptance.

Other than cultural conformity, students motivated by their parents’ expectations or employees driven by their manager’s praise are other examples of knowledge being sought on extrinsic bases. While this motive for the search for knowledge allows them to maintain their social status, it does raise doubts about the permanence and value of knowledge. If the knower isn’t truly motivated to search but is convinced merely through extrinsic values, the experienced cognitive dissonance might undermine the

reliability of the knowledge for the knower. The psychological compromise could lead to anxiety, uneasiness, and self-doubt which ultimately decreases the validity of knowledge. This, thus, goes against one of the previously mentioned assumptions that what is being sought is in fact ‘knowledge’. If the knower doesn’t believe it, does it really count as knowledge? While our psychological health is a valid reason for the pursuit of knowledge, its potential lack of authenticity and integrity challenges the merit of the knowledge.

Object 3: NOBEL PRIZE SPEECH FROM MARIA RESSA

2022-06-08 03:27:31 UTC

Maria Ressa, a Filipino-American journalist and CEO, accepted her Nobel Peace Prize in December 2021. Using a range of techniques, she expresses the strife of being a journalist and her willingness to continue the search for truth despite her hardships. She argues in her speech that the seeking of truth allows trust and a shared reality to be built which supports the human condition. The exhibition is diversified as an alternative interpretation of the prompt is offered through Ressa’s speech. Interested in journalism and philosophy myself, Ressa’s ideas evoked my natural, inborn curiosity. Her innate hunger and love for wisdom, shared by many other thinkers, scientists, and philosophers, demonstrates a unique relationship between knowledge and the knower; treating it as an end in itself.

A doubt is raised regarding the validity of this reasoning, because, after all, isn’t ignorance bliss? If we are happier without knowledge for its intrinsic sake, this justification to seek truth isn’t quite logical. On the other hand, it is precisely due to this ignorance that people fail to realize the true source and meaning of the saying. Originating from Thomas Gray’s poem, the ignorance described refers only to that of the impending, inevitable death. Our ability to be motivated by curiosity in our pursuit of knowledge, despite its potential distressing prospects as demonstrated in Ressa’s speech, defines us as human beings. As a utilitarian theorist, John Stuart Mill said, “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied.” Perhaps it is only through this third-tier reason in which we seek knowledge that differentiates us from other beings who can equally acquire skills and abilities for the sake of satisfying their physiological and social needs. If this holds true, it can be argued that this intrinsic motivation is present in everyone’s human nature and can provide us with more than that which ignorance offers; not bliss, but concrete, genuine happiness.

2022-06-08 03:31:05 UTC

2022-06-08 03:35:49 UTC

2022-06-08 03:36:08 UTC

#1 Object: The result of my MBTI Test

2022-06-08 03:57:32 UTC

The MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) Test is an introspective self-report questionnaire designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences. These are the pictures showing my MBTI test results.

The results describe accurately and detailly the hidden self that I didn’t recognize, which persuades me effectively. However, some descriptions were overstated. Nevertheless, I unintentionally ignored them and concluded that all the information was accurate.

Such a similar tendency is experienced during the test. In several questions asking about my values, I deliberately responded in a way I can be judged as smart since I wanted to be special than others and to elicit results. I ticked the choice which I believed was morally good in most questions, though I was not certain about my value. In the end, my MBTI result came out as a ‘logical thinker’.

These are the case of confirmation bias, which arises through cognitive shortcuts by believing what I want to believe and rationalizing myself. It completely confined the knowledge produced by the MBTI Test. ‘the knowledge’ means the result gained through answering with integrity and accuracy while being aware of myself well.

However, there is one questionable aspect of the tendency of my confirmation bias during the test. If other people also self-rationalize and find cognitive shortcuts to get the result they want, the erroneous results produced would not be responsible for my bias but for the test biased itself. In other words, as the MBTI Test was made in a questionnaire form which respondents can only tick one among five choices, their brain biologically looks for the shortcuts and eventually arises inevitable confirmation bias.

This object is included in this exhibition because my confirmation bias drove my results the way I wanted. It shows that bias is inevitable in self-report questionnaires such as MBTI.

#2 Object: TALMOSTOP SHAMPOO

2022-06-08 03:57:55 UTC

This is a shampoo called “Talmo Shampoo” which I use when taking a shower. The picture on the right shows the description of its effects. It says the shampoo contains elements such as Biotin, Niacinamide, Panthenol, etc., and it washes dirt away easily and repairs damaged hair while moisturizing.

Before I bought this product, I saw the description of various shampoos to see which one fits me the best. Since my hair falls out a lot, I looked for a suitable product and I found this ‘TS Shampoo’. Its description was enough to attract my attention and I ended up buying it.

Even though I investigated the product in detail, there was a bias in buying it. In the description, the professional language used such as 'moisturizing', psychologically made me feel as if the product was invented with much research carried out by experts. However, it could have been replaced with much easier words, such as ‘making wet’.

This is an illusion that most marketers in shampoo companies make to attract customers. This shows that the knowledge in the description was presented not for truth value, but for economic goals. Therefore, the knowledge produced becomes distorted and unreliable, and it makes bias inevitable in the production of knowledge.

This object is included in this exhibition because the knowledge produced becomes unreliable as companies distort the description of their products for economic purposes. It shows that bias is inevitable in the production of knowledge in cosmetic products such as shampoo.

#3 Object: Mathemetics Textbook

2022-06-08 03:58:17 UTC

This is the math textbook I use to teach myself math. Although it is not used in our school class, it is helpful for my learning.

In this textbook, the knowledge of various mathematical concepts is produced. They have long been recorded and in consensus by mathematicians. Therefore, even if the knowledge is produced in different languages, the concept is preserved. The reason why I don't use the school textbook but use my own one is that they contain the same maths concepts after all. Like this, the concepts are commonly accepted by learners and they cannot be different even a little. Although readers might feel that they have to follow the majority's common belief (known as the 'bandwagon effect'), the maths textbook is considered the most reliable source for them as the concepts have not been changing frequently and they are included in the same in every textbook. Therefore, it is less likely for the learners to go against the mathematical concepts or generate a whole new theory. In other words, biases such as confirmation bias become less inevitable in the production of knowledge because of the common concepts.

The object is included in this exhibition because it shows that bias may be less inevitable in the production of knowledge. Although there are some biases in the production of knowledge in textbooks, it is difficult for the textbook to be significantly biased, at least to date, when the concept of mathematics is commonly produced and accepted by most people without any defect.

TOK commentary My chosen IA prompt is a ‘what is a relationship between culture and knowledge?’, and I choose objects of linked with that prompt are national flag, “armored dove of peace” its Banksy’s art painting, and religion. I’m explaining on poster about these. The first object is a national flag, it is cultural thing because its expression country. The reason I chose this is because this represents and represents the country, and I didn’t know this had anything to do with knowledge. I didn’t know that this was created by incorporating the knowledge and geographic elements of society through culture. This is social and linked to History, because it represents the information and culture that history has built up. Also, I am a Japanese living in China. Therefore, I have many opportunities to interact with people from other countries and to encounter the flags of other countries. Even when I was living in Japan, I was entrusted with hoisting the national flag at school events. I chose the national flag as an object because I was very interested in the flag because it is a representative of the country and is cherished by the people. The second object is a name of “armored dove of peace” drawn by Banksy’s art painting, it depicts on an attempt to shoot a dove, a symbol of peace, and is a satirical picture of those who are trying to break the peace. This is linked to history and politics. The reason is that it is people and countries that are destroying peaceful societies. Banksy often talked about as a street art painter, and his paintings are characterized by a variety of emotions, including criticism and respect for society. I was impressed and interested in his art paintings. There are many other famous paintings, such as a girl holding red balloon and a man throwing bouquet of flowers, some of which are sold or scraped and can no longer be seen. I chose these as my objects because they are sold, which means they are valuable, popular and well-known, and I myself was interested in them. The third object is a religion, the reason I chose this is that there are many different types of religions, and they differ according to people, countries, and other customs. I thought this was a very cultural and diverse expression and easy to understand. Religions are linked to history and culture to help people acquire knowledge. I am a nondenominational student, so I do not have a strong relationship with religion, but I sometimes visit temples to see Buddhist statues, go to shrines to pray, and attend weddings held in churches. Japan is basically a non-religious country, and not many people follow a certain religion. The reason why I chose to do this is because I was interested in a religion-related incident that took place in Japan a long time ago. It was a serious incident in which more than 30 people were killed and 6,000 injured, and many others were harmed. I was not born in the late 1980s to mid-1990s. The reason why I learned about such a case is because I saw the news that seven people including Oyasama were executed in 2018 and the case was concluded. I was shocked by this news and wanted to research religion someday. The power of faith is frightening and has a great influence on the human psyche. It is important to establish a society and culture, but I learned from my research that it is not good to dwell on it too much.These are the commentaries of the exhibitions I researched. I did not have any direct experience or strong connection with any of them, so most of my research was done by research, but I was able to acquire various knowledge again and gain new experiences through my research. Many of these are strongly related to society, and many of them seem to be related to art, such as flags that represent countries with their patterns and religions with their logos. Art is also related to psychology because it appeals to people's emotions and spirit through visual elements such as colors and patterns. Thus, the three objects that are related to all three can be thought of as society, art, and psychology. I found it interesting that knowledge can be thought of in a roundabout way and related to each other.

23mmatsuoka — 2022-06-08 03:59:43 UTC

Introduction

2022-06-10 02:37:31 UTC

The prompt of my choosing is "In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge?". I have chosen this prompt because it discusses the importance of values within our life which is one of the cores of what a human is. Acquisition of knowledge creates and dictates self-improvement and personal understanding. The knowledge and the knowers relates to how a knower owns a piece of knowledge and applies it to their day to day life consciously and unconsciously. I am investigating how ones values and priorities change their views on the world as well as their ways of perceiving situations that occur throughout their lifetime.

Object 1

2022-06-14 03:25:04 UTC

This object is an English-English dictionary I bought to help me accurately grasp the meanings and usage of words and word groups. English-English dictionaries are the best tool for English learners. As second-language learners, only using Chinese-English Dictionaries sometimes could make us feel confused because of the ambiguity of languages. When you only use Chinese-English, it’s very difficult for you to understand the accurate meaning of one word, even though you may find that it lists many Chinese meaning of one word. However, mother-tongue learners are using English to explain English, which means they can obtain the original and accurate meaning of one English word.

There are many wonderful English-English dictionaries for you to choose, such as Oxford, Collins, Cambridge or Merriam-Webster’s. A dictionary is an authority on usage. Whenever we need to know the accurate meaning and usage of a word or phrase, we can turn to English-English dictionaries. First of all, you search the word you don’t understand in the dictionary. Then you will find it’s forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings and syntactical and idiomatic uses. Illustrative sentence helps you to know how to use the word in the sentences.

Foreign languages are not simply to learn, because we lack of the knowledge of its language background, culture and history. Unlike mother-tongue learners, they are exposed to daily usage of English. If you still don’t feel the necessity of English-English dictionaries, just suppose that you are learning Chinese again without Chinese-Chinese dictionaries.

Therefore, this English-English dictionary is included in this exhibition as an example of material tool in producitio or acquisition of knowledge. Translation brings loss of accuracy of language. Another reason is that this dictionary symbolizes that I conquered the language barrier challenges as a DP student in communication with others.

object 2

2022-06-14 03:28:42 UTC

It’s no doubt that reading is a great hobby, but reading what kind of content is a question.

During learning and speaking English, I gradually realized that I have to expose myself to more resources of English culture and current affairs. The content of English magazines and newspapers are both interesting and novel for me to keep pace with the world. It’s a great way to have some pleasure as well as learning something. I usually read Time, the Economist, Read‘s Digest, the Guardian and so on. They include both seriousness and literariness. Although sometimes I feel angry because of some false statements of China, I still consider reading English newspapers and magazines as a useful way to know more about the English culture and the western view of China. If you avert your eyes and turn a deaf ear to reality, how do you know others’ slander and beat back? Therefore, keep my pace with current affairs becmoes obviously necessary.

Also, reading English newspapers and magazines helps me to learn some new expressions I have never heard before, I will write down on the papers and try to use them in writing articles and my daily life. Learning knowledge in pleasure is the best way, because humans naturally feel tired when they think they are learning boring things. I not only take it as a way of learning English, but also broaden my horizon. Take the Economist as an example, it isn’t simply about economics. Actually, the articles are also humorous and full of wit. Many celebrities read it constantly, such as Kissinger, Merkel, Bill Gates, even Jack Ma also read this magazine. These celebrities keep reading these well-known English magazines and newspapers despite of their business, so we should understand its benefits must be a lot.

All in all, it’s a great method for me to both obtain knowledge and pleasure, hence I chose to list it here in the exhibition.

object 3

2022-06-14 03:30:11 UTC

Social media is an online communication platform. Users can hold conversations, share information, and produce web content on social media networks. People use social media to communicate with friends, family, and other members of their communities. Businesses utilize social media to market and promote their products while also keeping track of client complaints.

Social network itself has divergence, which means that information spreads very fast. In order to facilitate and improve the attraction to readers, Businesses often simplify the facts and process, or use some exaggerated description techniques. To some extent, it will make readers' views and understanding deviate from the facts. Under this concept, it can link to the IA prompt “How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? ”

Object 3（magazine）

selenalixuanxiao — 2022-06-15 05:23:31 UTC

It’s a magazine for propagation of the sea animal's creature. Usually used for preschool education of 4-5 years old children. My mom bought this book to me when i was in grade 1.

Even though there were many documentary and textbook that provides the information and knowledge of the creatures in the sea, nevertheless there are thousands of creatures that we are unable to know. Our range of knowledge of the creatures in the ocean is all based on the development of technology. From ship to the submarine, the efforts and success are proving the development of knowledge by the technology.

The KF methods and tools explained How does technology extend or transform different modes of human cognition and communication? In ancient times, people often turned inexplicable natural sciences into "myths". In modern times, human are constantly developing more rigorous through the development of science. In the magazine, scientists have turned complex biologics into fun explanations for children to understand. The development of technology has transformed the incomprehensible mysteries of nature into organized knowledge allows people to construct their perceptions.

Every advance in history proving and recording how human beings have explore the unknown by the progress of science. Every industrial revolution has revolutionized the use of the unknown. The double advance of technology and history is inevitable when the unknown becomes known.

I believed that human’s unknowable can be turn to knowable determined by the develop of technology. In my opinion, the degree of “know” and “unknowable” are based on technological innovation and development.

Outro

selenalixuanxiao — 2022-06-15 05:23:52 UTC

There is nothing unknowable after we experienced it. From the investigation of the history of camera proved hat the way we changed unknowable to knowable after the experienced it. On the another hand, there is something that we unable to know by the used of technology. We can never know the truth behind the photos which shows technology can change things from know to unknowable. The unknowable things determined by the development of technology. The existing knowledge store of human’s cognition are depending on the technology. Nevertheless there are still countless unknowns about the oceans and earth. “we don't know”and “we know”are depends on how far technology goes.

Technology helps us experienced as far as we can, to cover the truth from us by the sophisticate used, also to help us explore the unknowable to certain knowledge. The technology are two-sided, either, the technology distancing people from the possibility of getting to the knowledge or helping humans to getting closer to the knowledge.