a.Match each antigen with the antibody(ies) that it can bind to.

b.Deduce a property for the antibodies.

• Define an antibody

• Define an antigen

• Indicate the mode of action of B cells.

Antibody mediated immunity : B cell

1 a

2 b

3 c

Property: Antibodies are specific.

T lymphocytes

humoral:

B lymphocytes

use a multi-step mode of action that involves recognizing pathogens, producing antibodies to neutralize them, activating other immune cells, and developing immunological memory

Together, they protect the body from disease.There are two types of specific immune responses: humoral and cell-mediated. The humoral response uses B cells to produce antibodies that attack pathogens in body fluids, while the cell-mediated response uses T cells to destroy infected or abnormal cells.

Together, they protect the body from disease.

1.F.

2.b

3.c

Antibodys are always specific

Humoral: B cells

In cell-mediated immunity, T cells destroy infected cells and coordinate other immune responses through signaling molecules called cytokines.

1. Body cell turns into a cancer cell as a pathogen.

2. WBC start phagocytosis.

3. Cancer cell is weakened not fully destroyed.

4. Macrophages present antigen T lymphocytes.

5. Killer T cells are activated.

6. T cells multiply because of based on specific recognition.

7. Activated T cells rush to cancer cells adhere and perforate them.

humoral: b lymphocyte

1. Cell mediated

2. Humoral

An antigen is a molecule that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor.

B cells neutralize threats by producing antibodies that bind to foreign substances.

antigens are what trigger an immune response.

the mode of action of b cells is they recognise antigens, are activated and produce antibodies.

An antigen is something that triggers an immune response.

B cells make antibodies to fight antigens and form memory

cells for future defense

2) humoral

Antigens are what that wakes up the immune response.

The B cells can identify antigens and they produce antibodies

Antigen: antigens are found on cells they are like multiple antennas on a cell they can cause an immune response

The action of B cells is too fight against bacteria viruses and etc that enter the body and float in the blood

An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

producing antibodies to fight pathogens

Antigen is a substance found in non cells that triggers an immune response

Neutralize bacteria

cell-mediated specific immune response

2) Cell mediated specific immune response:
Involved immune cells

T lymphocytes
Targeted cells

Cancerous cells and infected body cells
Mode of action

Release perforin to destroy antigen

Humoral specific immune response:
Involved immune cells

B lymphocytes
Targeted cells

Bacteria, viruses, microbes, and toxins
Mode of action

Secrete antibodies to neutralize antigen

2) Bone marrow is necessary for the production of B and T lymphocytes.

3) Experiment 3 shows mature B lymphocytes but immature T lymphocytes because the thymus is removed.
Experiment 4 shows no production of B or T lymphocytes because bone marrow is missing.

4) Bone marrow produces B lymphocytes.
The thymus is needed for T lymphocyte maturation.

White blood cells (WBCs) begin the phagocytosis process to attack the cancer cell.

The cancer cell is weakened but not completely destroyed.

Macrophages (antigen-presenting cells) display fragments of the cancer cell (antigens) on their surface.

These antigens are presented to T lymphocytes (Killer T cells).

The T cells become activated and start to multiply.

The activated T cells move toward the cancer cells, attach to them, and destroy them by perforating their membranes.

White blood cells try to destroy it

Macrophages show the cancer T cells

T cells get activated and multiply

T cells attack and kill the cancer cells