For our next activity, I would like you to explore the concept of classical conditioning as it appears in advertisements. Your task is to find an example of classical conditioning in an advertisement (this could be a video, podcast, magazine ad, etc.) and create a post on our course Padlet page.

Instructions:

1. Find an Advertisement: Look for an advertisement that clearly demonstrates classical conditioning. This could be from any medium such as TV commercials, online videos, podcasts, or print ads.

2. Analyze the Advertisement: Briefly explain how classical conditioning is used in the advertisement. Identify the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR).

3. Create Your Post: On our course Padlet page, create a post that includes:

   • A link to or image of the advertisement.

   • Your analysis of the advertisement, highlighting the elements of classical conditioning.

   • Any additional thoughts or observations you have about the effectiveness of the advertisement.

Example Post:

• Advertisement: [Link/Image]

• Analysis:

  • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): The product being advertised (e.g., a soft drink).

  • Unconditioned Response (UCR): The natural response to the UCS (e.g., feeling refreshed).

  • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The advertisement itself (e.g., a celebrity drinking the soft drink).

  • Conditioned Response (CR): The response to the CS (e.g., associating the soft drink with feeling refreshed because the celebrity is enjoying it).

    
    

Feel free to be creative and choose an advertisement that you find interesting or impactful. I look forward to seeing your posts and analyses!

• Analysis

• UCS: Corona Beer.

• UCR: Feeling like you're in paradise.

• CS: Pedro Pascal on the beach drinking a Corona beer.

• CR: Drinking Corona gives you the feeling like you're in paradise and on the beach even if you're not.

Analysis:

• USC: Coca-Cola.

• UCR: feeling satisfied or thirsty.

• CS: The drink underneath the text saying "can't beat the real thing".

• CR: Desire for coke because it is associated with a response of satisfaction that can't be replicated by other products.

• The unconditioned stimulus is Chick-fil-A’s food being shown.

• The unconditioned response is thinking about Chick-fil-A's food (how it tastes, how it looks, etc.)

• The conditioned stimulus is the Chick-fil-A jingle.

• The conditioned response is thinking about Chick-fil-A’s food whenever you hear the jingle.

Unconditioned Stimulus

(UCS): Haynes Beans.

Unconditioned Response

(UCR): Craving beans.

Conditioned Stimulus

(CS): The astronaut farted after digesting Haynes Beans.

Conditioned Response

(CR): Craving beans because beans make you gassy when you eat them, whether or not your in a dangerous situation.

The Unconditioned Response is feeling parched upon seeing the soft drink and craving a refreshment.

The Conditioned Stimulus would be Beyonce, Britney, and Pink drinking and enjoying the Pepsi.

The Conditioned Response would be the audience craving to feel that enjoyment as well, so they would eventually go out and buy a Pepsi.

• Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS): A whopper is the unconditioned stimulus.

• Unconditional Response(UCR): The natural response to seeing the Whopper is to get hungry or want to hold the Whopper and flip it right side up.

• Conditioned Stimulus(CS): The conditioned response is the upside-down Whopper.

• Conditioned Response(CR): The conditioned response is to want to hold a whopper when you see it because you don't want the contents to fall out.

• Effectiveness: This is effective because it makes someone want to buy a Whopper to hold it correctly.

Unconditioned Response: Naturally want to quench your thirst/feeling refreshed.

Conditioned Stimulus: Anthony Edwards hitting a slam dunk/being good at basketball.

Conditioned Response: Coinciding hitting a slam dunk with the aftermath of drinking sprite, "I tried to tell him, but..." after the other guy fails to get the ball in the net, they both laugh at him for his inevitable fail because he didn't drink sprite... while they drink sprite together.

Unconditional Response: The audience starts to feel hungry.
Conditional Stimulus: Christina Aguilera and Latto are in a large mansion, wearing expensive outfits and ordering food from Menulog.
Conditional Response: The viewer would want to order from the app to order multiple food items just like Christina Aguilera and Latto.

Burger king Whopper Whopper Tv commercial

USC: Variates of whoppers

UCR: making you hungry for something with flame grilled meat.

CS: The voice singing the catchy whopper songs while they show how a whopper is being made.

CR: Seeing the guy in the end sinking his teeth into a whopper in a casual setting makes you think of the last time you ate the whopper from burger king.

Analyze:

UCS: Nike "Pressure"

UCR: Associating Nike products with toughness and success

CS: LeBron James, a successful athlete

CR: Feeling respect and admiration for LeBron's ability to thrive under pressure

ucr- the feeling of holidays

cs - the holiday vibe and gift giving.

cr- the belief that coke is both great for the holidays and a conveniently perfect gift.

UCR: Feeling refreshed

CS: The Pepsi being opened

CR: Drinking Pepsi will bring good times and memorable moments.

USR: feeling cold and frustrated

CS: seeing the fish have wings

CR: Red Bull lets you do things you can’t normally

UCS: Calvin Klein Underwear

UCR: To wear underwear

CS: Jeremy Allen White doing exercise and modeling in the underwear

CR: Feeling confident and sexy in Calvin Klein underwear because Jeremy Allen White is

UCR: Feeling refreshed and satisfyed by drinking it

CS: Taylor Swift doing her normal day to day activities and enjoying a Diet Coke

CR: They make you crave and want a Diet Coke as you see a celebrity enjoying it on her day to day which gives the message that you can too.

Unconditioned Stimulus: Seeing former NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick.

Unconditioned Stimulus: leads to the response of feeling inspired by Kaepernick because of his actions.

Conditioned Stimulus: Seeing Nike Logo.

Unconditioned Response: The sight of the Conditioned Stimulus,the viewer feels inspired by Nike as it is a company that stands up for its beliefs and inspires people to improve their lives (with their Nike products).

After reading the article, identify three lines that resonated with you. Explain why each line stood out and what makes it powerful or meaningful to you.

The second line in the article "The checking of the phone can lead to what experts call a dopamine loop." stood out to me since I never put two and two together. Since it is such a first nature to pick up my phone every so often, I never really thought that it was because of a dopamine loop.

The third line in the article "I will not let the slot machine in my pocket control me" stood out to me as the comparison of the phone to a slot machine works so well yet I never thought of it.

The sentences: “ The checking of the phone can lead to what experts call a dopamine loop. As long as the phone is in my hand, I continue to get that little release of dopamine. This is why a “quick check” of my phone can lead to an endless cycle of mindless scrolling and switching apps, as described in my red light stops.” Stood out to me in part because I experience this myself concerningly often. I have found that, although it brings me little to no joy I continue browsing through my phone for no apparent reason. I think reading this has made me painfully aware of this habit, and it’s downsides.

The Second line was "In 'How to Break Up With Your Phone,' Price suggests asking 'What For? Why Now? and What Else?' What are you picking up your phone to do? Why is it important to do it now? What else could you be doing instead?' as it discuses a technique I have used myself for other things not related to phones.

The third line was "210 million people are estimated to suffer from phone and social media addiction." as I'm not surprised the number is this high, but I am interested in just how much of a percentage of the population that is.

Response:

The three listed lines above really stood out to me because it shows connection between cell phones and a true addiction. I never thought of cell phone use as an addiction, I always thought it was just “social media addiction.” I sleep with my phone under my pillow every night after I scroll for hours, but I never thought the statistic of so many other people doing it would be that high. I agree with the authors stance that notifications excite us, but wouldn’t have thought it releases dopamine in the brain. Cell phone use has become so natural for me that considering it an addiction is a bit scary for me. I’m thinking I should put my phone down more often and go do something else to get out of this constant loop.

• We are always with our phones.

  • This lines is powerful to me because it's true. You always see people with their phones, and I personally keep my phone in my pocket. And if it's not in my pocket, I'll know exactly where it is (most times).

• We now have off-limit times and zones in my home.

  • This line stood out to me because it's relatable. In my house we also have "off-limit times and zones." Though it was never specifically stated we all know not to use our phones during eating.

• I want to pay attention to my people - my child, my partner, my friends, my hobbies and interests, and my work.

  • This line is meaningful to me because I've found myself thinking this recently. I have a list of growing projects relating to my hobbies that I want to do, but I'll never get them done if I'm on my phone all the time.

The line "Whether it’s you or a loved one, phone addiction is very real and can genuinely wreak havoc on a family" also stuck with me because not only does it get in between real and in person relationships it just takes time from you living your life. Too busy seeing others doing the activities you wish to do gets you nowhere, and that's quite terrifying. To think your'e spending your whole life wishing instead of doing.

• This line really hammers it in that it is an addiction that does come with a loss of control.

“I will not let the slot machine in my pocket control me.”

• This line stood out to me because it showed the author’s determination to be in control of their own life and actions.

“It’s a process and doesn’t happen overnight.”

• This line stood out to me because it’s true in many regards, not just for smartphone addictions. It’s good to have patience.

This line stood out to me due to how strong the urge can be to reach for the phone just to get a quick dopamine boost, even during times that require great focus like driving.

"85% of smartphone users check their phones while speaking to friends and family,"

This line really spoke to me because often times, on social media platforms, people get a dopamine release from getting a ping, which can lead to online interaction. It must be a pretty sever addiction then if someone is talking and then someone still checks their phone.

"Dr. David Greenfield calls smartphones the world's smallest slot machine,"

It was interesting to me to see the phone described as a slot machine, but it makes sense, because you're taking a gamble to see whether or not you'll have a dopamine boost in the form of a notification.

"This is why a “quick check” of my phone can lead to an endless cycle of mindless scrolling and switching apps, as described in my red light stops." I found this line in the text applies to me very accurately since very often I think I'm going to just "check" my phone and then I think I can scroll for just a few minutes.

"As I pulled up to the red light, my hand inadvertently found its way over to the passenger seat and picked up my smartphone." This line made me think about how many times I'll check my phone or even the reason I have it on my lap when I'm driving since that's when I'm supposed to be paying attention to the road.

2.)  "Each night, I now plug in and charge my phone across the room. This is helpful as I don’t find myself grabbing my phone in the middle of the night if I can’t sleep and it’s not the first thing I reach for in the morning."

This line resonated with me because I've tried this method before, and it was effective. Especially when I had to wake up early the next day, I knew that if I kept my phone by my bedside, I would have stayed on it all night.

3.) "The urge to pick up my phone is visceral. It can, and often does come over me multiple times in an hour."

I've noticed that I often pick up my phone mindlessly when I'm bored or just looking for something to do. Reading that sentence makes me realize that I need to put down my phone and engage in more meaningful activities instead of just scrolling.

2. “Oh look! A little red notification popped up on the screen alerting me that someone had some social interaction with me.“ (the feeling of getting a notification about someone from an app is feeling that i have gotten very often as well. it gives a sense of happiness and excitement.)

3. “I dropped the phone down back in the passenger seat and gently tapped the accelerator, moving my vehicle and myself closer to the next red light and the next time I would likely pick up my phone to mindlessly scroll apps that, if I’m being honest, don’t bring me all that much joy.“ (there is no feeling i would say after checking my apps. it more so feels like a task i need to take care of. i don’t feel joy and you would think i would feel satisfaction for completing “tasks” but i don’t get that feeling of satisfaction either.)

I choose this line because I often catch myself scrolling through apps that don't genuinely make me happy, sometimes I even wish I had used my time for something more meaningful.

2. "The dopamine rush from an unexpected like, comment, or message keeps us reaching for our devices again and again."

I found this statement especially interesting since it explains why I find it so difficult to put my phone down. I keep scrolling even though I know I'm not gaining much from it because I might see a new notification. It is effective because it draws attention to the fact that social media programs are made to be addictive, making it difficult to limit how much time we spend on them.

3. "Instead of mindlessly reaching for my phone, I decided to be intentional with my time—reading a book, going for a walk, or even just sitting with my thoughts."

The phrase is significant because it acts as a reminder that I am able to changing my behavior. Instead of merely staring at a screen, it makes me consider all the time I could be spending on activities that genuinely bring me joy or aid in my personal development. The term "intentional" stands out because it conveys the idea that making good use of one's time is a decision rather than an accident.

The second line that really caught my attention is when he says, "The checking of the phone can lead to what experts call a dopamine loop." this made me realize why most of us are really addicted to our phones. I never really knew that using our phones releases dopamine which mean that being addicted our phones is like being addicted to drugs. Which makes me realize that maybe start using my phone less.

The last line really stood out to me is when he says, "Putting relationships at risk because of excessive cell phone use." This line stood out because I've talk to many people and every time, I see them get on their phone or paying more attention to their phone I would think that I'm just boring them and I wouldn't want to talk to them anymore because apparently there's something more important on their phone. With this being saying using our phone when being with someone is a big sign of being addicted to it.

• "210 million people are estimated to suffer from phone and social media addiction." This line stood out to me because when you put that into perspective, 210 million people is over half of the population living in the U.S. That fact alone made me pause and think about my own unhealthy habits as someone who makes up that 210 million.

• Secondly, the line "We had to use our brains to think and wonder, engaging in real face-to-face conversation with other humans on the topic" also stood out to me. After reading that quote, I realized that I don't really have to think for myself most of the time because of Google, for example, and other tools that people back then didn't have are so accessible. I've also gotten so accustomed to socializing with people online that I tend to forget how to interact in person.

• The last line that stood out to me in this article was, "These rewards come in the form of emails, text messages, or other updates." I think that it's wild that apps that don't seem to be giving you anything but a mere notification are the reason why we tend to pick up our phones for no apparent reason, just for a small dopamine release.

I relate to this because I find that if my phone isn't in my pocket or my field of vision I do panic. A few days ago at work I left my phone in the office to charge is and went to grab it out of my pocket because I forgot and I felt my stomach drop before I remembered it was in the office.

The second line I chose from the article is "The checking of the phone can lead to what experts call a dopamine loop. As long as the phone is in my hand, I continue to get that little release of dopamine."

I definitely think I experience dopamine loop. I find that I am almost incapable of doing anything without checking my phone while doing anything. I'll be watching tv or Youtube and start scrolling through TikTok or Instagram or playing games. I find myself incapable of doing something singular without checking or playing my phone.

A few years ago I could go hours without picking up my phone and could read books for hours at a time without really feeling the need to go on my phone, now I feel like I can barely read for a few minutes/pages without going to check my phone. The only thing that has helped on that front (cause I do really enjoy reading physical books) is putting my phone across the room or in another room or having someone else around me to kind of hold me accountable in a way.

My third line is when it lists possible symptoms of cellphone addiction "Losing track of time because of being on the phone regularly." There have been several days where I have spent hours at a time on an app or several apps without ever realizing how much time has passed. One time I statrted using an app at midnight and stopped at 4am without realizing how much time had passed

Please now take the time to find your own example of motivation in film. Please upload your own movie trailer, and provide your analysis guided by the questions below:

For each theory of motivation, provide an example from the film and explain how it applies:

• Instinct Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Drive-Reduction Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Arousal Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Incentive Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Cognitive Theory (Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic):

  • Example of Intrinsic Motivation:

  • Explanation:

  • Example of Extrinsic Motivation:

  • Explanation:

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

  • Choose a character and describe how their actions reflect their progression (or lack thereof) through Maslow's hierarchy.

  • Needs Demonstrated (with examples):

    • Physiological Needs:

    • Safety Needs:

    • Love and Belongingness:

    • Esteem Needs:

    • Self-Actualization:

• example: the moms instinct to protect

• explanation: taking in this boy to her home and motivating him to stay in school and football.

drive-reduction theory

• example: wanting to be better for his adoptive family

• explanation: feeling a sense of giving back to his family for everything they have done.

arousal theory:

• example: the high of success and playing the game

• explanation: feeling of accomplishments for Big Mike.

incentive theory

• example: getting in university with a scholarship from football.

• explanation: feeling good about himself about getting into college with a scholarship.

cognitive theory

• example (extrinsic) : praise and recognition from his family.

• explanation: personal satisfaction

• example (intrinsic) : him genuinely enjoying playing football.

• explanation: enjoying the game.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:

• Big Mike started of being homeless and later throughout the movie slowly starts getting ahead in situations rather than moving backwards.

• feeling safe having shelter food and water.

• having a home, loving family, food, water.

• finding a loving family and finding a sense of belonging.

• realizing his potential and what a good player he actually is and how smart he is.

• getting that lack of confidence from playing football.

• Instinct Theory:

  • Example: When the Games begin, Katniss immediately runs toward the forest instead of fighting at the Cornucopia.

  • Explanation: When the Games start, Katniss doesn't hesitate, and instead, she runs straight for the forest instead of fighting at the Cornucopia, which is a perfect example of instinct theory. Rather than making a calculated decision, she follows her natural survival instincts, which have been shaped by years of hunting and living in District 12. Her gut reaction to avoid immediate danger instead of chasing weapons or supplies shows how deeply ingrained her instinct for self-preservation is.

    
    

• Drive-Reduction Theory:

  • Example: Katniss becomes extremely dehydrated in the arena and, out of desperation, searches for water. When she finally finds a small pool, she drinks from it immediately.

  • Explanation: Drive-reduction theory states that biological needs create an internal drive that motivates behavior to restore balance. Katniss experiences this when she becomes dangerously dehydrated in the arena. Her body is out of balance, and the overwhelming thirst drives her to search for water. The moment she drinks, that need is satisfied, and she feels relief, so her body is back in balance.

    
    

• Arousal Theory

  • Example: Even though she knows how dangerous it may be, Katniss doesn't hesitate and immediately steps forward to take her sister's place in the Hunger Games when her name is called.

  • Explanation: This theory states that people naturally look for the right balance of excitement or challenge. While most would be too scared to move, Katniss stays calm under pressure. She doesn't just volunteer to protect Prim; she can also handle intense, life-or-death situations, which keep her alert and focused.

    
    

• Incentive Theory:

  • Example: Katniss performs the "star-crossed lovers" act with Peeta to win the audience's favor and earn sponsors.

  • Explanation: Incentive theory suggests that behavior is motivated by external rewards. In this case, she's motivated by survival and the potential for rewards like food, medicine, and supplies from sponsors. Her act with Peeta is a strategic move that increases her chances of receiving these external incentives, which can help her survive in the Games.

    
    

• Cognitive (Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic):

  • Example of Intrinsic Motivation: Katniss volunteers for the Hunger Games to protect her sister, Prim, because she genuinely wants to save her.

  • Explanation: This is intrinsic motivation because Katniss is driven by an internal desire to protect her sister, not by any external reward. Her actions are solely motivated by personal values and emotions, such as love and the need to keep her family safe, rather than seeking recognition or external benefits.

  • Example of Extrinsic Motivation: Katniss participates in the Hunger Games with the hope of winning fame, wealth, and the rewards that come with being the victor.

  • Explanation: This example represents extrinsic motivation because Katniss is motivated by external rewards like the promise of fame, money, and a better life for her family. These incentives are what push her to engage in the Games.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

  • Character: Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games

  • Describe how their actions reflect their progression (or lack thereof) through Maslow's hierarchy: Initially, Katniss's focus is on survival (physiological and safety needs), but as the story progresses, she starts addressing deeper emotional needs and eventually strives for self-actualization, reflecting personal growth and purpose.

  • Needs Demonstrated (with examples):

    • Physiological Needs: Early in the story, Katniss struggles to find food and water in District 12 and later in the arena. Her primary focus is meeting these basic survival needs. At first, her main concern was satisfying her immediate physical needs, such as food, water, and shelter.

    • Safety Needs: Katniss volunteers for the Hunger Games to protect her sister, Prim, knowing that it is the only way to keep her safe from the Capitol's oppression. She takes action to ensure the safety of her loved ones, particularly Prim, by volunteering in place of her.

    • Love and Belongingness: Katniss builds strong bonds with others in the Games, especially with Peeta, who she connects closely with. She also develops a sense of camaraderie with Rue. As the Games progress, Katniss's relationships with others deepen, showing her need for love, connection, and belonging. Her bond with Peeta becomes especially essential for emotional support, and her alliance with Rue stresses the importance of forming connections in a hostile environment.

    • Esteem Needs: Katniss gains recognition and admiration from the people of Panem after the "star-crossed lovers" act and her defiance against the Capitol. Katniss' actions during the Games lead to her receiving external validation, particularly after she and Peeta threaten to commit suicide in defiance of the Capitol's authority. This not only boosts her self-esteem but also earns her the respect and admiration of others.

    • Self-Actualization: Over time, Katniss realizes that her fight is not just for personal survival but for something greater: the rebellion against the Capitol and the freedom of the districts. Katniss moves toward self-actualization as she finds her purpose in life beyond survival. She becomes the symbol of the revolution, embracing her role as the Mockingjay. Her actions show a growth toward fulfilling her potential, contributing to a cause larger than herself, and living following her values.

Instinct Theory:

Example: Shows people who were implied to have suffered from eczema now living a happy life thanks to dupixent

Explanation: People with eczema will instinctually feel that dupixent will help solve their eczema struggles.

Drive-Reduction Theory:

Example: Shows people who were implied to have suffered from eczema now living a happy life thanks to dupixent

Explanation: People seeing this ad will feel motivated to reduce the drive to itch their bodies by taking dupixent.

Arousal Theory:

Example: Shows people who formerly had eczema (implied) playing out in the hot sun and having a good time.

Explanation: People with eczema would want to have the dopamine arousal of being able to play in the sun without breaking out into a rash.

Incentive Theory:

Example: Facts are provided that explain how dupixent can help people deal with eczema.

Explanation: These facts and seeing the people happy gives someone with eczema an incentive to take dupixent.

Cognitive Theory:

Example of Extrinsic Motivation: Seeing people enjoying life in the hot sun which they couldn't do with dupixent

Explanation: Seeing other people happy due to dupixent provides extrinsic motivation to take dupixent.

Maslow's Hierarchy Theory:

Example: Seeing the girl being able to accomplish great things in her soccer team

Explanation: Looking at this ad from Maslow's theory, one can see that the immediate concern for a person with eczema is just being able to live their day-to-day lives with it. Once dupixent comes in to help treat said eczema, a person can focus on achieving their dreams instead of surviving with dupixent.

• Example: Tonya's instinct to balance on the ice rink.

• Explanation: Balancing on the rink is an instinctual reaction to not wanting to hurt yourself by falling on a slippery hard surface. It's also why many people flail their limbs on the ice rank because they're trying instinctually to balance themselves.

Drive-Reduction Theory (Celine):

• Example: Tonya suffered a rough childhood, having an intense need to be the best due to her mother's painful parenting and continuing to skate.

• Explanation: By continuing to skate and improve, Tonya could disprove her mother and everything that she was told she couldn't do.

Arousal Theory (Allyson):

• Example: Tonya's excitement in performing crazy skating moves like the triple axel.

• Explanation: Tonya's drive to push boundaries in skating like attempting moves that no other women have done it shows the high that comes from her challenging herself.

Incentive Theory (Vanessa):

• Example: Tonya ice-skating at the Olympics.

• Explanation: Her factual end goal to win the Olympics to please her mother's high expectations and for public appraisal.

Cognitive Theory (Allyson):

• Intrinsic Motivation: Tonya's passion for skating itself.

• Explanation: From a young age Tonya finds genuine joy and freedom in skating, which motivates her to keep pushing herself despite the obstacles.

• Extrinsic Motivation: Pressure from her mother and the desire for public approval.

• Explanation: So much of Tonya's drive is shaped by pressures to succeed by her mother and the judges' bias against her.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Richard):

From her mother's ridicules and to the judges' biases over the qualities of performance, Tonya continues to improve her talent to make up and find out her real truth that isn't her mother's.

• Physiological Needs: Tonya pees herself on the rink from holding it in too long.

• Safety Needs: Tonya has a bodyguard.

• Love and Belongingness: Her relationship with her boyfriend was smooth-sailing until her mother came along. But she still tried to rekindle her relationship with her mother.

• Esteem Needs: Tonya performed the triple-axel and felt proud, disproving her mother.

• Self-Actualization: Tonya states in the beginning of the trailer, "There's no such thing as truth, everyone has their own truth." Then, she lived her entire life being told she wouldn't amount to anything, but she says "you know what, maybe I would."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jLOOCADTGs

Instinct Theory

Example: Bailey (the dog) has an instinctive drive to protect his owner.

Explanation: The instinctive theory suggests that our motivation comes from instincts. Bailey’s instinctive desire to protect his owner comes from his inner drive for companionship and loyalty, which wasn’t simply learned, but a core aspect of his being.

Drive-Reduction Theory

Example: Bailey has a drive to seek out food and water when hungry or thirsty.

Explanation: Drive reduction theory suggests that our motivation comes from unmet needs. When Bailey is hungry or thirsty, he’s driven to satisfy it (homeostasis).

Arousal Theory

Example: This is shown through Bailey’s excitement and energetic behavior when playing fetch or exploring new environments

Explanation: This theory suggests that our motivation comes from an individual seeking arousal. Bailey’s enthusiasm for activities like playing indicates a desire to seek a stimulating level of arousal.

Incentive Theory

Example: Bailey's eagerness to respond to commands when rewarded with treats or praise.

Explanation: Incentive theory states that behavior is motivated by external rewards. Bailey is clearly influenced by incentives like food and affection, which reinforce his obedience and positive behaviors. The rewards incentivize the behaviors.

Cognitive Theory (Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic)

Example of Intrinsic Motivation: Bailey's joy and satisfaction from simply being with Ethan and making him happy.

Explanation: Intrinsic motivation comes from within, driven by internal rewards like pleasure and satisfaction. Bailey's inherent desire to be near Ethan, regardless of external rewards, demonstrates intrinsic motivation.

Example of Extrinsic Motivation: Bailey's response to commands when offered a treat.

Explanation: Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or punishments. The treats given to Bailey are an example of this.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Character: Bailey/Ethan's dog

Needs Demonstrated (with examples)

Physiological Needs: Eating, drinking, sleeping, and seeking shelter. Bailey's constant search for food and water, and his need for rest, are fundamental physiological needs.

Safety Needs: Seeking protection from danger, finding a safe place to rest. Bailey's reactions to loud noises or potential threats, and his desire for a secure home, show his need for safety.

Love and Belongingness:

Esteem Needs:

Being recognized and valued by his owners, performing tasks that make him feel useful. Bailey's pride in performing tasks like retrieving objects or protecting his family, and his positive response to praise, reflect his esteem needs.

Self-Actualization:

Fulfilling his "purpose" by reuniting with Ethan and providing him with happiness. Bailey's journey is about understanding and fulfilling his purpose, which is to love and protect Ethan. This ultimate goal is a form of self-actualization, as he achieves his own personal best.

Instinct theory:

Example: The desire to land hits in his match

Reasoning: The motivation to survive compels him to land hits in the match

Drive reduction theory :

Example His desire to provide for his family by getting back into boxing

Reasoning: his desire comes from being able to provide food for himself and his family

Arousal theory:

Example: His desire to fight in the ring 

Reasoning: the ring provides an excess in arousal which Rocky desires.

Incentive theory:

Example: Rocky wanting to prove his first win wasn’t just a fluke

Reasoning: This is an example of incentive theory because rocky is motivated by his desire to prove himself granting him respect from others

Cognitive theory:

Intrinsic:

Ex: desire to prove himself in the ring 

Rs: the is intrinsic because he is doing it simply for himself

Extrinsic: 

Ex: Desire to provide for his family

Rs: this is Extrinsic because he is doing it for his family an external factor

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:

Physiological needs: Rocky's desire to provide for himself and his family

Safety Needs: Rocky desire to prove himself in the ring instead of taking care of his health

Love and belonging: Rocky's desire to maintain his relationship with his wife

Esteem need: Rocky’s desire to prove himself in the ring

Self actualization: Rocky proving himself in the ring

Please now take the time to find your own example of motivation in film. Please upload your own movie trailer, and provide your analysis guided by the questions below:

For each theory of motivation, provide an example from the film and explain how it applies:

• Instinct Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Drive-Reduction Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Arousal Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Incentive Theory:

  • Example:

  • Explanation:

• Cognitive Theory (Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic):

  • Example of Intrinsic Motivation:

  • Explanation:

  • Example of Extrinsic Motivation:

  • Explanation:

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

  • Choose a character and describe how their actions reflect their progression (or lack thereof) through Maslow's hierarchy.

  • Needs Demonstrated (with examples):

    • Physiological Needs:

    • Safety Needs:

    • Love and Belongingness:

    • Esteem Needs:

    • Self-Actualization: