Psychology Study Guide by sam https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1 Made with a creative frenzy en-us 2018-02-21 17:28:41 UTC 2018-03-05 23:43:52 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Beartoy.png What is the function of the frontal lobe? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233873880 *regulates impulsive behaviour
*process complex thoughts
*allows us to predict outcomes for actions]]> 2018-02-21 17:34:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233873880 Are there any alternative explanations for Gage's change in behaviour? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233875698 - Correlation does not mean causation. Just because the events correlate, does not mean they caused each other. Life changes and mental illness may have effected his behaviour.]]> 2018-02-21 17:37:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233875698 What is the difference between "processing", "judgement" and "decision making"? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233880031 -Processing: a system series of actions directed to some end.
Judgement: make a decision or to form an opinion.

]]> 2018-02-21 17:44:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233880031 How might have processing been influencing the decision making of children in the marsh mellow study? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233882303 -Since the children were so young, it can be argued that the vmPFC was not developed fully, which processes decision making skills.]]> 2018-02-21 17:47:49 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233882303 Can you apply these cognitive processes to other situations? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233884674 - When criminals commit the crimes they do, their vmPFC may have been damaged or possibly undeveloped.]]> 2018-02-21 17:51:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233884674 How does Phineas Gage’s case show that damage to the frontal lobe can affect behaviour? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233886857 - Phineas Gage's frontal lobe was severely damaged and following the incident, his personality changed. For example, he was now rude to women. The doctor's observations linked brain damage to our personality, our "sense of self" and also our ability to regulate our behavior. Biological basis for influencing behavior.

]]> 2018-02-21 17:54:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233886857 What is the amygdala’s relationship with emotion? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233898693 The amygdala is known as the “emotional centre”. It activates our stress response and also correlates to how we identify and recognize fears. Since its function is connected to the stress response, this determines our emotional response as well. It activates stress before our conscious brain is aware of it which also interlaces with how we express our emotions as well. ]]> 2018-02-21 18:14:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233898693 How could a lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233899236 A lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence at times because we would be unaware towards our actions more. It would leave us to unconsciously carry out harmful actions because we would not be emotionally aware. We would not be able to recognize the danger or consequences of those actions and are more likely to go through with it. 

]]> 2018-02-21 18:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233899236 Can a lack of response and emotion explain all types of violence? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233899810 No, many people do violent things BECAUSE of their emotions. Many people commit violent acts either because their emotional impulses compel them to do it, or do it with the knowledge they will feel more positive emotionally after doing it.]]> 2018-02-21 18:16:39 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233899810 What were some of the methods and results of SM’s case study? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233900250 They exposed her to snakes and spiders, took her to one of the world’s scariest haunted houses, and had her watch a series of horror films. They also had her fill out questionnaires probing different aspects of fear, from the fear of death to the fear of public speaking.]]> 2018-02-21 18:17:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233900250 What were the methods and results of Albert et al.’s rat experiment on testosterone and social dominance? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233901003 They studied the alpha males from different rat colonies. Divided the rats into 4 groups: castration, castration with empty tubes, castration with testosterone-filled tubes, a “sham” castration (placebo). The results showed that castration decreased aggression, but having tubes filled with testosterone returned it to normal. The study suggests testosterone, aggression and social dominance are closely linked.]]> 2018-02-21 18:18:36 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233901003 How does this study suggest a causal relationship between testosterone and behaviour? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233902376 Testosterone is shown to have an effect on behaviour through the castration of the rats. Castration to remove testosterone seemed to decrease aggression but on the other hand, castration with testosterone-filled tubes returned the rats to the normal state, as of being aggressive the same way. Castration also resulted in the alpha males losing their alpha status and subordinate rats taking their place. This study suggests testosterone, aggression and social dominance are closely linked. ]]> 2018-02-21 18:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233902376 How could a lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233903744 The person may not think of the future repercussions.]]> 2018-02-21 18:22:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233903744 Can a lack of response and emotion explain all types of violence? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233904271 The inability to use system two processing will hinder the ability to think of long term consequences, leading to making a decision on impulse.]]> 2018-02-21 18:23:20 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233904271 What is neuroplastcity? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233905510 It allows the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment. ]]> 2018-02-21 18:25:04 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233905510 What were the methods and results Rosenzweig and bennets rat experiment? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233907093 The method that was used were rats  that were place into a stimulated. The results of the study of the study that the anatomy of the brain was different in the EC and IC they found that there was an increased  thickness and higher weight of the cortex.]]> 2018-02-21 18:27:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233907093 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233910209 2018-02-21 18:31:52 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/233910209 How does SM’s case demonstrate the role of the amygdala in experiencing fear? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238379803 When SM’s amygdala was removed, she stopped feeling fear, so, we’re pretty sure that the amygdala has a role in whether we experience fear or not.]]> 2018-03-05 22:13:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238379803 What is one or more reasons why SM’s case might not be generalizable? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380068 Because she suffered from an extremely rare genetic condition that forced her to undergo a surgical procedure that has only been performed 376 times.]]> 2018-03-05 22:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380068 What are the physiological processes involved in the threat response? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380242 The endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems are activated when there is a threat and the body receives a shot of adrenaline in order to fight or to take flight. This causes increased blood flow, respiration, pupil dilation, and suppression of non essential bodily functions.]]> 2018-03-05 22:15:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380242 How can perception lead to physiological arousal with fear? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380447 When a threat is perceived, the brain sends a signal to the endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems to trigger the fight or flight response.]]> 2018-03-05 22:15:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380447 Can this explanation of fear be applied to all situations? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380610 No, with conditioning with the stimulus, it is possible for the individual to no longer have fear of this perceived threat. ]]> 2018-03-05 22:16:23 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380610 What were the methods and results of Albert et al.’s rat experiment on testosterone and social dominance? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380779 They studied the alpha males from different rat colonies. Divided the rats into 4 groups: castration, castration with empty tubes, castration with testosterone-filled tubes, a “sham” castration (placebo). The results showed that castration decreased aggression, but having tubes filled with testosterone returned it to normal. The study suggests testosterone, aggression and social dominance are closely linked.]]> 2018-03-05 22:17:00 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238380779 How does this study suggest a causal relationship between testosterone and behaviour? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381022 Testosterone is shown to have an effect on behaviour through the castration of the rats. Castration to remove testosterone seemed to decrease aggression but on the other hand, castration with testosterone-filled tubes returned the rats to the normal state, as of being aggressive the same way. Castration also resulted in the alpha males losing their alpha status and subordinate rats taking their place. This study suggests testosterone, aggression and social dominance are closely linked. ]]> 2018-03-05 22:17:50 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381022 What is the amygdala’s relationship with emotions? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381302 It is the “emotional centre” of the brain, is it a part of the limbic system which is responsible for emotions, survival instincts, and memory. ]]> 2018-03-05 22:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381302 What is the amygdala relationship with emotion? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381610 It is the emotion centre of the brain, therefore controlling all of one's emotions. ]]> 2018-03-05 22:19:50 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381610 How could a lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381852 The person may not think of the future repercussions.]]> 2018-03-05 22:20:45 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238381852 How could a lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382081 The person may not think of the future repercussions, thus leading them to commit crimes or acts of violence.]]> 2018-03-05 22:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382081 Can a lack of response and emotion explain all types of violence? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382313 The inability to use system two processing will hinder the ability to think of long term consequences, leading to making a decision on impulse.]]> 2018-03-05 22:22:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382313 What are the research findings on correlations between the MAOA variant (MAOA-L) and the brain? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382504 The MAOA gene variation produces less monoamine oxidase A enzyme, so the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain are affected. The Caspi. Et. al. study showed that the presence of the variation of the MAOA gene coupled with abuse as a child increased the likelihood of displaying antisocial behavior.]]> 2018-03-05 22:23:27 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382504 Why might people with an MAOA-L gene be more prone to impulsive violent reactors to threat? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382678 People with a variation of the MAOA gene shows greater activity in their amygdala during emotional arousal and they also show less activity in their ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to people with the normal MAOA gene.]]> 2018-03-05 22:24:04 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382678 What are the counter-arguments for saying that the MAOA gene causes aggression? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382858 In the Meyer-Lindenburg et. al. study variations of the MAOA gene will only show if it was paired with emotional arousal such as seeing an angry face or a fearful one.]]> 2018-03-05 22:24:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238382858 How are twin studies conducted? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383027 In twin studies, researchers gather multiple identical and fraternal twins and measure a particular behavior. They see how similar the identical and fraternal twins are to each other and calculate the overall average.]]> 2018-03-05 22:25:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383027 What were the methods and results of Raine and Baker’s study? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383190 The researchers gathered data through questionnaires from the twins, their parents, and their teacher on antisocial behavior from the twins. The study showed that antisocial behavior in twins are half a product of genetics and half of environmental factors.]]> 2018-03-05 22:26:08 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383190 How can twin and adoption studies show that antisocial behavior is influenced by genetics and environment? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383359 By studying identical and fraternal twins, researchers can learn how genetics and environment influence antisocial behavior. By studying identical twins separated at birth, researchers can learn how environment influence behavior. Groves et. al. showed that heritability of antisocial behavior is only 28% in adults and 14% in children.]]> 2018-03-05 22:26:44 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383359 How could triangulation influence the validity of this research? sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383521 By using multiple methods of research, researchers can gain more quantitative data that can be used for more analysis that will apply to the general population. Researchers from the Raine and Baker’s study could conduct an observational study on the twins to see how they behave instead of relying on people in the twins’ life.]]> 2018-03-05 22:27:18 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238383521 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238384768 2018-03-05 22:32:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238384768 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385269 2018-03-05 22:33:42 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385269 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385422 2018-03-05 22:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385422 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385733 2018-03-05 22:35:15 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385733 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385912 2018-03-05 22:35:55 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238385912 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386099 2018-03-05 22:36:32 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386099 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386183 2018-03-05 22:36:52 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386183 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386434 2018-03-05 22:37:57 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386434 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386677 2018-03-05 22:39:07 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238386677 sammypoolson https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238398136 2018-03-05 23:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/sammypoolson/l0upikf9nhg1/wish/238398136