Brent's Presentation by Brent Nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6 en-us 2017-11-01 18:45:40 UTC 2017-11-01 20:06:09 UTC hello@padlet.com Acidization causes public and environmental harm due to chemical toxins brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202670633 2017-11-01 18:50:51 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202670633 Acidizing was first used in oil exploration (commercial usage) in 1950s brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202671661 2017-11-01 18:53:01 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202671661 There was a problem when they realized that the acid attacked the metal brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202672366 2017-11-01 18:54:30 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202672366 There are three types of acidizations: acid maintenance, matrix acidization and acid fracturing brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202672913 2017-11-01 18:55:43 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202672913 Acid maintenance uses chemical reactions to clear scales (deposits) from the wells brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202674114 2017-11-01 18:58:21 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202674114 The acid is injected into the wellbore but it does not screw up the formation brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202675017 2017-11-01 19:00:21 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202675017 Matrix acidization is used to remove formation damage around the wellbore brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202675592 2017-11-01 19:01:38 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202675592 Damages consists of blocked oil and gas pathways, or in other words to increase its permeability brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202676033 2017-11-01 19:02:46 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202676033 Acid fracturing uses acid to etch the reservoir brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202676890 2017-11-01 19:04:48 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202676890 Solution injected into the surface at pressures low enough to fracture the rocks, but does not screw up the formation brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202677763 2017-11-01 19:06:38 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202677763 Injection rate of solution is higher then fracture pressure, which fractures the formation brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202679228 2017-11-01 19:09:46 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202679228 Acid fracturing uses 6%-18% chemicals whereas Hydraulic fracturing only uses 0.5% chemicals in solution brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202679808 2017-11-01 19:11:05 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202679808 Mainly used in carbonate formations due to the fact that the rocks need to be soluble in order for acid fracturing to work brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202680277 2017-11-01 19:12:16 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202680277 Acidization events are occurring in highly urban areas in LA county brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202681177 2017-11-01 19:14:17 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202681177 200 chemicals used in acidization and there were 28 F graded chemicals that were identified brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202681764 2017-11-01 19:15:36 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202681764 QCAT examines nine different hazardous effects : carcinogenicity (cancer), mutagenicity (mutations), genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity (reproduction), developmental toxicity (development issues), endocrine toxicity ... brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202682879 2017-11-01 19:17:56 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202682879 Future research should be tracking any leakage of these chemicals from the wells or pits so that no harmful effect would endanger the public and environment brent_nagami https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202684495 2017-11-01 19:22:15 UTC https://padlet.com/brent_nagami/kxp4qbj5nkd6/wish/202684495