1596-1650

His basic strategy was to consider false any belief that falls prey to even the slightest doubt. studied doubt and certainty.

1724-1804

His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology and ethics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. believed that sole feature that gives an action moral worth is not the outcome that is achieved by the action, but the motive that is behind the action. 

Born November 24, 1632

Died February 21, 1677

During his time, Spinoza was highly controversial. However he developed the idea of the social contract.

Found rationalism, a belief that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

1588-1679

political philosophy. believed  humans as being matter and motion, obeying the same physical laws as other matter and motion things and his account of human nature as self-interested cooperation.

Born November 8, 1848

Died July 26, 1925

He played a huge role in creating modern logic and philosophy.

invented modern logic and created the first fully system for logic.

Born in 1770 

Died in 1881 

Well known for developing "absolute idealism."

Used his system of dialectics to explain history of philosophy and science.

Born: 428/427 BC

Died: 348 BCE

He was important because he was known as the student of Socrates and writer of philosophical dialogue. One of his quote is

"We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.

Born in 1889

Died in 1951

Wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus where he supported logics in philosophy.

He explained philosophy of language.

born May 5, 1818, died march 14, 1883

He was the most influential socialist thinker in the 19th century. Although his beliefs were ignored during his life, after his death they were widely accepted.

1813-1855

best known as a trenchant critic of Hegel and Hegelian-ism and for his invention or elaboration of a host of philosophical categories. role models of Socrates and Christ, takes how one lives one’s life to be the prime criterion of being in the truth.