On the day of the uprising, tension quickly escalated, and the locals within the pueblo sought refuge inside the church for safety.

They carried clothes and provisions, along with the children, for safety, knowing that the Spanish troops were heavily armed.

tipping point, and a protest was organized by

Pedro Maeteo and Salarogo Ambaristo

that began in Pidding, Norte.

They sought to reclaim their right to produce and trade

Basi independently, without the interference of the spanish goverment

In the Spanish version, the event of 1872 was premeditated, and was part of a big conspiracy among the educated leaders, mestizos, lawyers, and residents of Manila and Cavite. They allegedly plan to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers, then kill the friars. When the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, the Caviteños allegedly mistook the fireworks as the signal to commence with the attack leading to the defeat of the 200-men contingent led by Sergeant Lamadrid after attacking Spanish officers at sight and seized the arsenal. This revolution was then pinned on the three priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.

The Filipino version, however, emphasized the incident was merely a mutiny by Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from the draconian policies of the then Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo, such as the abolition of privileges and the prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades for Filipino, which the General saw as a smokescreen to creating a political club.

Primary Sources:

     • Spanish Version

            1. Historia General de Filipinas by Jose Montero y Vidal (Madrid, 1895, Vol. III, pp. 566-595)

            2. Official Report on the Cavite Mutiny by Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo, in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide's Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 7 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990, pp. 281-286.

      • Filipino Version

             1. Filipino Version of the Cavite Mutiny Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History , Volume 7 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990, p. 274

             2. L'archipel des Philippines by Edmund Plauchut, in Revue des Deux Mondes (France, 1877, Vol. 20, p. 232)

Leader: Martin de Goiti (under the orders of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi) & Rajah Sulayman

Place of Origin : Bangkusay Channel in Tondo, Manila

References:

(The Battle of Bangkusay A Paradigm of Defiance against Colonial Conquest)

https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-battle-of-bangkusay-a-paradigm-of-defiance-against-colonial-conquest/

TravelswithCharie(Filipino Struggles in History - Carlos Botong Francisco)

https://www.travelswithcharie.com/2019/05/filipino-struggles-in-history-carlos.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR3rixvm0Szvh3hYPX6a5vPtMXInMBUYFthPpsBdX3JEaBZZGzTcji3yVeQ_aem_ATuL2utJcCjWtDXWDSxAKagzHgFKgE_CTvHG3eqRggKWvyV9cOdUNr3e69nAZZQpLzSyXlG5jeGk2H-_VcO38C4R

-Regie N. Viajante

1823, in particular, was nothing short of noteworthy. A wave of libertarian ideals from Europe swept through Latin American colonies to revolt against Spanish rule. As a result, the Spanish government replaced all creole officers of the army in the Philippines with peninsulars as a preventive measure. Disgusted by the racist policy, Novales recruited discontented creole and mestizo officers and Filipinos for the revolt. In total, they were 800 people.

The revolutionaries seized Intramuros and killed all Spanish officers they encountered including former governor-general Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras. They were only stopped at the gates of Fort Santiago because his brother, Lieutenant Mariano Novales, refused to open the gates due to his loyalty with Spain. Eventually, reinforcements lead by Governor-General Juan Antonio Martinez from Pampanga arrived to quell the revolt.

Primary Sources:

      1. Account of the Rebellion in the Philippine Islands in the Year 1823 by J. Taylor and John Scott (The London Magazine, 1826, Vol. 14, pp. 512-516)

In 1626, Governor-General anjanette de Silva sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Isnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.

Leader: Miguel Lanab and Alababan

Place of Origin: Capinatan

Governor-General Fernándo de Silva devised a tactic that instead of a direct combat, he fall Itneg’s resources in ruins and compelling them to surrender.

References:

(Philippine revolts against Spain)

https://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/Docs/CxP-Philippine_Revolts_Against_Spain.htm

-Regie N. Viajante

The revolt was sparked by several factors, including abuses by Spanish officials, forced labor, and the imposition of tribute on the local population. The Kapampangan leaders, known as Lakans, rallied their people to resist Spanish authority and fight for their rights and independence.

The revolt lasted for several months and spread to other parts of Luzon, gaining support from other indigenous groups. However, the Spanish were able to suppress the revolt through a combination of military force and diplomacy.

After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial, since dueling is excommunicable by the Church. The refusal of the priest eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacin y Abarca, failed to stop the revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 foot soldiers to Bohol, which was defeated by Dagohoy's followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well. Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new Boholano villages: namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian, and Sevilla (Cabulao).

was quelled by the superior Spanish colonial forces.

Place of Origin Ilocos Norte

Filipino Leaders: Pedro Mateo, Salarogo Ambaristo, and two unamed other instigrators

Ambaristo and other leaders

were captured, and the insurrection was quelled.

particulary on the four leaders of the short-lived movement.

Pedro Mateo, Salarogo Ambaristo, and two other instigators were

hanged and decapitated.

References:

Alice G. and Santiago A. (Basi Revolt)

https://epa.culturalcenter.gov.ph/3/82/2142/

Staff Writer(The Basi Revolt in Ilocos Norte)

https://filamtribune.com/the-basi-revolt-in-piddig-ilocos-norte/

-Regie N. Viajante