The report made by the italian team of the research of french students

1) How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

Around 2000 migrants enter illegally.

2)Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

Most illegal immigrants come from Asia.

4)Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

The most legal immigrants come from Romania (28%) 43% of them are aged less than 30 years and 72% are aged less than 40 years.

5)Do they integrate easily?

No, because the prime minister Viktor Orban is against immigrants.

6)What does your country do to help them?

Associations help immigrants like Organisation of humans rights Mahatma Gandhi (MGHRO)

7)Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

Organisation of humans rights Mahatma Gandhi (MGHRO). Slam poet Emi Mahmoud sends a message of solidarity to refugees

1. How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

2021: 740 002

2) Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

Mexico : 14,5% 

Men most of them are not too old 

3)Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

Same 

4)Do they integrate easily?

No it’s very complicated because there are victims of a lot of stereotypes .

5)What does your country do to help them? 

They actually don’t want to help them at all …

• a bigger access to CBPO to come in the USA 

• New process on access but with some conditions for peoples who needs to join their families 

• to open district centers in order to help them 

  
  

  6)Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

Not really.

7)Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

Ilhan Omar: Ilhan Omar is a Somali-American who became one of the first two Muslim women elected to the United States Congress. She represents Minnesota's 5th congressional district.

8)HOW MANY NEW ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE THERE EVERY YEAR?

In 2021, the US admitted 17,692.

9)Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

Because they have better work opportunities. 

Often, the immigrants move to areas with higher wages and a higher number of available jobs.

10)How many people ask for their nationality every year?

Approximately 700 000 people ask for their nationality every year. 

11)How many people get it? 

Approximately 100 000 people.

What are the rules to become a citizen?

First, we need to do the immigrant petition and after the green card application form

12)Are there quotas to limit legal immigration?

Yes, there is like 10-15 quotas to limit legal immigration.

Are illegal immigrants deported?

Today, USA try to restrict the deportation of illegal migrants

13)What are the country’s laws regarding immigration?

The Immigration and Nation Act (INA) allows the USA to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories.

14)Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

The Biden administration has announced plans to increase security and enforcement at the border, to reduce unlawful crossings, and expand “legal pathways for orderly migration”.

15)Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

Several makeshift migrant camps that have sprung up along the 2000 mile southern border, including in California.

16)Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

The country experienced successive waves of immigration, particularly from Europe, and later from Asia and Latin America (immigration began in January 1892).

17)Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

Throughout U.S. history, the country experienced successive waves of immigration, particularly from Europe and later from Asia and Latin America.

18)What is the country’s ideology concerning foreigners?

What are the opinions of the different political parties concerning immigration? 

Some of the starkest partisan divides on political values are seen in views about race and immigration : democrats are substantially more likely than Republicans to say that the country has not gone for enough to give black people what they do not have. Democrats also expressed more positive views of immigrants and the nation’s growing ethnic and racial university. 

19)Is it a controversial topic for the government at the moment?

Congress has failed to agree on how to address immigration challenges, leaving many policy questions up to the courts and executive branch.

President Joe Biden has reserved many of former Donald Trump’s restrictive policies, even as he struggles with a historic influx of migrants.

20)What do some people blame immigrants for?

President Trump’s continual diatribe against immigrants is disheartening : the caravan at our Southern border is replete with gang members, rapists, followers of ISIS and drug dealers. Against this backdrop, it’s not surprising that many Americans blame immigrants for everything, from stealing Americans’ jobs to freeloading on our healthcare system or our high crime rates.

21)Has anything happened recently that made immigration a burning issue?

Immigration continues to be a significant and divisive issue in the United States, with ongoing debates surrounding border security, undocumented immigrants, and policies related to immigration. 

*Polity: unitary, semi-presidential democracy 

*map: Western Europe( next to Spain, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg) 

*area: 674.843 km3

* population: 68.128.000 

*capital: Paris 

*president: Emmanuel Macron 

*prime minister: Elizabeth Borne 

1. How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

2022 → 105 000 illegal migrants by the sea

10% of people are immigrants

2.Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

they come from Tunisie, Pakistan.

48% are women.

3.Do they integrate easily ?

Since 2012, newly arrived immigrants have been obligated to sign the so-called Integration Agreement the moment they obtain their first residence permit. By doing so, they commit to achieving specific integration goals in the following two years.What jobs did most Italian immigrants have?

Italian immigrants helped provide the labor for American factories and mines and helped build roads, dams, tunnels, and other infrastructure. Their work provided them a small economic foothold in American society and allowed them to provide for their families, which stood at the core of Italian-American life.Sectors with the highest number of foreign employees included agriculture (18% of the total workforce), construction (15.5%), and hotels and restaurants (15.3%). The highest rate of foreign workers was recorded in "other collective and personal services": 34.3%.

4.What does your country do to help them? 

It was only during the mid-1990s that the increased salience of the migration issue led to a law to regulate migrants’ integration for the first time. The three-year Document of Migration Policy Planning (Documento Programmatico Triennale) was the first policy instrument. It identified key priorities and planned integration measures in the 1998-2000 period.In 2017, the Italian government adopted the National Integration Plan for Persons Entitled to International Protection, as foreseen by decree 18/2014, which transposed the EU's recast Qualification Directive (Directive 2011/95/EU). The plan, to be funded by EU and national financial resources, set out priorities for 2017-2018, including inter-religious and intercultural dialogue, language training, access to education, labour inclusion and vocational training. The main actors responsible for implementing the foreseen measures are local authorities and local public services, with the support of civil society organisations.

5.Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

Within the European Union, Italy is one of the countries with the highest estimated number of undocumented migrants (UDMs). With its universal healthcare system (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale - or SSN), Italy guarantees MSPs access to comprehensive healthcare.

6.Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

AGRIGENTO, Italy - Feven* kept looking at her feet. The 18-year-old’s voice was a whisper amid dozens of asylum seekers at a reception center on the Italian island of Sicily. Memories of her ordeal are still fresh. 

“We were sharing two toilets for 130 people. We were sleeping all together on the boat’s deck: some areas had shade, others not. We had to take turns,” she said.

“We were malnourished, though not from the days on the boat. That was a consequence of the long time we had spent in the traffickers’ hangars in Libya,” she said.

Feven is one of the lucky ones. 

She was rescued on 1 August by the Open Arms rescue vessel and evacuated from the ship with 13 others to Lampedusa for medical reasons on 15 August. One hundred others, also rescued from international waters off the coast of Libya, remained on the ship for a further six days.

Her ordeal began in early 2017 when she left Eritrea as a 15-year-old. No family members accompanied her. She declined to talk about her journey to Libya or her experience during the 18 months spent there in a hangar run by traffickers. Many women in the centres have experienced violence, rape and torture for the purpose of extorting money from family members back ho“The wooden boat was stranded at sea off Libya for two days. The engine broke. There was water leaking inside the boat. The waves were so strong. We were terrified but we were coming from hell. We were not afraid to die. Then Open Arms saved us,” she said.me. Some have been killed.

7.HOW MANY NEW ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE THERE EVERY YEAR?

Italy refugee statistics for 2022 was 296,181.00, a 104.46% increase from 2021. Italy refugee statistics for 2021 was 144,862.00, a 13.14% increase from 2020.

8.Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

Most of them came from Bangladesh, Pakistan and from Egypt. A total of 45,037 decisions have been made on initial applications. Around 16% of them were answered positively.Officials say a majority of migrants head to Italy for economic reasons and are therefore not eligible for asylum. Past efforts to hold migrants have largely failed, with those detained repeatedly breaking out of centres and often heading straight to wealthier northern European countries.

9. How many people ask for their nationality every year?

How many people get it? 

In Italy, 52,625 applications were examined: 53% (27,385) of claims were rejected, 12% (6,161) were granted refugee status, 13% (6,770) subsidiary protection and 21% (10,865) special protection.

10. What are the rules to become a citizen?

If you legally reside in Italy for five years of residence, you can apply for permanent residence and for Italian citizenship after another five years. You need to permanently live in the country for ten years, receive income and pay taxes. By descent

11.Are there quotas to limit legal immigration?

The new law sets quotas for work permits for the next three years. In 2023, for example, Cutro aims to issue 82,000 visas. And this despite the fact that this year the business sector has already received 250,000 applications for work permits.

12. Are illegal immigrants deported?

In June, 21 European countries agreed to set up a voluntary solidarity mechanism to resettle up to 10,000 asylum seekers from Italy and other Mediterranean countries.

13. What are the country’s laws regarding immigration?

Despite the serious human rights violations perpetrated by the Libyan authorities and militias, Italy has continued to provide support to Libya to keep migrants on its territory. The Libyan authorities intercepted more than 24,000 people at sea during the year, whom they then returned to Libya, with logistical and material support from Italy.

14. Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

In December, the government adopted a decree with immediate effect designed to limit the sea rescue activities of NGOs. NGO crews now had to request a port of disembarkation and return to it after each rescue operation, limiting their ability to save more lives during an operation. They also had to determine at sea whether those rescued intended to seek asylum.

15. Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

Migrants considered illegal will be able to be held in detention centres for longer: the maximum detention period has been extended from 120 to 135 days.

The government also wants to build a "detention centre for repatriation" (CPR) in each of the country's 20 regions. There are currently 10 sites, with a total capacity of 1,500 places.

Rome has also updated its list of safe countries - those to which migrants can be returned more easily. Nigeria, Algeria, Senegal, Morocco, Tunisia and Gambia are now considered safe countries by Italy.

16. Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

17.  What is the country’s ideology concerning foreigners?

The Fascist regime reformed nationality law by including racist and authoritarian elements, as we have seen, but it did not touch the main criteria of acquisition and loss included in the 1912 Law. The co-ethnic attitude, that is the preferential treatment of foreigners of Italian origin concerning the preservation, acquisition and reacquisition of the status of citizen, was paradoxically much more reinforced during the republican period, even when Italy was fast becoming a country of immigration, and the political elite was well aware of this turn. 

18. What are the opinions of the different political parties concerning immigration? 

Is it a controversial topic for the government at the moment?

What do some people blame immigrants for?

Has anything happened recently that made immigration a burning issue?

Other information :

1. How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

There are between one and two million immigrants who enter illegally in the country.

2.Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

They come from Syria and from Afghanistan. There are more men. 

3.Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

They come from Turkey and from Poland. There are more men.

4.Do they integrate easily?

Yes because the country has made a new law.

5.What does your country do to help them? 

The country has made a new law for double nationalities.

6.Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favor of refugees?

Yes there are a lot of associations like “ German catholic service”.

7.Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

A man who has immigrated from Syria to Turkey and after to Germany where he finds a job and where he can be happy to help other people in similar situations.

8.HOW MANY NEW ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE THERE EVERY YEAR?

There are 217 000 asylum  applications.

9.Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

Because of the war, the persecution and hunger.

10. How many people ask for their nationality every year?

1. How many people get it? 

There are around 400 000 asks for German nationalities but only 168 545 get it.

11. What are the rules to become a citizen?

To be a German citizen we must have a permission of etablissement, be in the country for 8 years, speak German, and have an ID paper.

1. How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

45 000 persons crossed the english Channel in the 2022 year.

2.Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

They com from Asia ( 52  %) the sub saharan africa ( 20 %)

There are childrens, teenagers, and adults, all the age. but the most are adults ( between 20 and 24y).There are approximately,as many woman as men who comes in uk as a immigrant

3. Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

They come from Sudan, Iraq,Somalia, and Pakistan. Like the illegal immigrants, all the age are present . For instance,over the past 6 years, 300,000 immigrants were between 15 and 19 years old and 750,000 were between 20 and 24 years old.

4. Do they integrate easily?

First and foremost, England is one of the ideal host countries for migrants in terms of language: the national language is English, and it's an international language too! Migrants integrate mainly thanks to the companies that hire them, which enables them to find a job and integrate into the life of the country. 

5. What does your country do to help them? 

The Uk accept a lot of them, compared with other countries.

In the UK, the vast majority of immigrants, as residents of Commonwealth countries (India, Pakistan, Hong Kong, Bangladesh, etc.), are entitled to British passports on arrival, and enjoy significant prerogatives in terms of cultural and religious rights.

6. Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

The Scottish Refugee Council was set up in Edinburgh in 1985 with the support of Refugee Action and the British Refugee Council, two refugee aid organizations in England, in response to the immediate needs created at the time by the arrival of 1,200 mainly Vietnamese and Chilean refugees.

7. Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

I always knew we’d have to leave Afghanistan. My older brother, Hussein, was desperately ill with a heart problem, and we were told that two places could save his life: the US and the UK. It took almost two years to reach the UK. We were robbed twice and had no food for days and we barely slept. To distract us from the horror of the moment, Hussein played the clown. We learned to join in too, bantering, messing around, trying to distract our parents. Trying to make things seem normal. For me, this isn’t a refugee story; it’s a family story. It’s a love story – three boys with a love of football, a parent who wants to sacrifice everything for their kids. Tell me which parent wouldn’t want to do that? Sadly, Hussein did pass away aged 31. But we are so grateful to the NHS for the 17 years we got with him. To honor him, I wrote the ‘Boy with two hearts’, which was turned into a play. Writing it was hard, but it means Hussein will never be forgotten.

8. HOW MANY NEW ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE THERE EVERY YEAR?

There is 43372 new asylum seekers per year on average from 2001 to the first quarter of 2023 

9. Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

How many people ask for their nationality every year?

How many people get it? 

What are the rules to become a citizen?

11. Are there quotas to limit legal immigration?

with its exit from the European union

, the UK implemented a broad reform to it's immigration

system, putting and end to free movement and introducing a 

points-based system, that took effect on the 1st of January 2021. The new system is more open to skilled migration. 

12. Are illegal immigrants deported?

deportation is a statuary power given to the Home Secretary. Under section 3(5) of the immigration act 1971 a person who is not a British citizen (referred to as a "foreign national" is liable to be deported from the UK if the Home Secretary deems it to be "conductive to the public good" 

13. What are the country’s laws regarding immigration?

British immigration policy is under the purview of UK Visas and Immigration. With its exit from the European Union, the UK implemented a broad reform to its immigration system, putting an end to free movement and introducing a points-based system, that took effect on 1 January 2021.

14. Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

EU, EEA and Swiss citizens and other non-visa nationals do not require a visa to enter the UK when visiting the UK for up to 6 months. All migrants looking to enter the UK for other reasons (such as work or study) will need to apply for entry clearance in advance.

15. Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

The disused RAF Wethersfield base near Braintree, Essex, will accept its first 120 migrants directly from crossing the Channel before expanding to its capacity of 1,700 men. It is the first camp of its kind before an asylum barge is towed to Portland, Dorset, within two weeks, and RAF Scampton opens in mid-August. People are detained in detention centres known as 'Immigration Removal Centres' (IRCs), Short-Term Holding Facilities (STHFs) and prisons. There are seven IRCs in the UK. Harmondsworth, near Heathrow, is the largest detention centre in Europe, holding up to 630 people at any one time.

16. Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country? 

Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

In the year before Census 2021, the most common non-UK long-term migrant arrivals to England and Wales were from India, Romania and China for both country of birth and passports held; most recent arrivals from India and China are much younger than the typical resident population. Another major source of immigrants was continental Europe. For much of the nineteenth century, Germans were the second largest group of immigrants in Britain after the Irish, with 33,000 living in England and Wales in 1871.

17. What is the country’s ideology concerning foreigners?

The UK (55%) ranks fourth for the belief that immigrants have a very or quite good impact on the development of the country – ahead of other western nations such as Norway (49%), Spain (47%), the US (40%) and Sweden (39%).

however, existing evidence clearly shows that levels of opposition to immigration in the UK are moderately high.

18. What are the opinions of the different political parties concerning immigration? 

Is it a controversial topic for the government at the moment?

What do some people blame immigrants for?

The Conservative party’s ‘Get Brexit Done’ and ‘Unleash Britain’s Potential’ manifesto contains a pledge to ‘fix our immigration system’. 

They intend to do this primarily by introducing a ‘firmer and fairer Australian-style points-based immigration system’ so that decisions on who can come to the UK will be made ‘on the basis of the skills they have and the contribution they can make’. The Labour party’s ‘radical, hopeful…people focused’ manifesto contains a pledge to put an end to the ‘hostile environment‘. Labour’s key theme is to create a more ‘humane immigration system’. In contrast to the other parties, the Liberal Democrat manifesto outlines an ambition to revoke Article 50 of the Treaty of the European Union which would ‘Stop Brexit’. The Liberal Democrats want the UK to remain in the EU and maintain the current free movement rules.

Many of the party’s further immigration policies, included in its manifesto and detailed further on its website, focus around reform to create a ‘compassionate and effective immigration system’. 

Favourable laws make it easier for foreigners to make Britain their home and take on Brtish nationality. The British Council studied how easy it was for immigrants to build their lives in the 25 European Union countries plus Norway and Switzerland. therefore, even though all political parties have different opinions about migration as well as other subjects, the country keeps a rather positive stance as far as the matter is concerned. 

By this definition, immigrants experience stigma because they are constantly being labeled “foreigners” or “outsiders” and stereotyped as undocumented or criminals. This separates them and gives them a lower status than that of White Americans in a society where they have less political power.

19. Has anything happened recently that made immigration a burning issue?

Four men who smuggled 29 Vietnamese people into Britain on a small yacht before forcing them into the back of a van have been jailed.

1. How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

15000 immigrants enter the country illegally, especially Ukrainians.

2. Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

a third of ukrainian immigrants are minors,98% of women and 7% of men

3. Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

3500 migrants get in poland legally. a third of ukrainian immigrants are minors,98% of women and 7% of men

4. Do they integrate easily?

yes

5. What does your country do to help them? 

make schools

6. Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

wonder foundation, Ryan Reynolds and blake lively

7. Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

anastacia kozmina, Oleksiyy Danko

8. HOW MANY NEW ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE THERE EVERY YEAR?

close to 8000 applicatons

9. Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

because of the war

10. How many people ask for their nationality every year?

How many people get it? 

11. What are the rules to become a citizen?

you need to apply for the polish citizenship

12. Are there quotas to limit legal immigration?

Poland refuses to impose the EU quotas

13. Are illegal immigrants deported?

yes

14. What are the country’s laws regarding immigration?

non-europeans can’t stay in poland for more than 90 days without a pemit

15. Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

you have to be at least B1 level in polish to stay more

16. Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

there are refugee camps in poland and detention camps

17. Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

poland has been accepting refugees since 1608. poland is not a host a host country
Yes, the war in ukraine has led ukrainians to migrate to poland

18. What is the country’s ideology concerning foreigners?

poland is willing to accept ukrainians in their country

19. What are the opinions of the different political parties concerning immigration? 

Is it a controversial topic for the government at the moment?

What do some people blame immigrants for?

In Poland, the leader of the ruling party wants a referendum on accepting refugees in Europe. 

yes the USA and brussels are comdeming any reform of the polish immigration laws

people blame immigrants for crime and missing jobs.

20. Has anything happened recently that made immigration a burning issue?

yes the ukrainian war

Morocco : Colin, Lucile, Thanos, Eleonora

1. How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

specific numbers regarding illegal immigration can be difficult to ascertain accurately. The number of immigrants leaving Morocco illegally can vary from year to year and is influenced by various factors, including socioeconomic conditions, political instability, and immigration policies.As of mid-year 2020, the number of emigrants from Morocco reached 3.3milions This was an increase from the previous year, when three million emigrants were registered in the country. Overall, the number of people emigrating from Morocco increased over the five-year periods examined.(ELEONORA)

2. Where do most illegal immigrants migrate to? What is their gender?

Considerable Moroccan populations can be found in France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands; with smaller notable concentrations in other Arab states as well as Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.The share of female migrants has declined from 49.4 per cent at mid-year 2000 to 48.1 per cent at mid-year 2020, whereas the proportion of male migrants grew from 50.6 per cent at mid-year 2000 to 51.9 per cent at mid-year 2020.Male migration is much higher than that of women. (ELEONORA)

Four out of ten Moroccans would emigrate if they could, according to a survey by Moroccan marketing agency Sunergia and news outlet L’economiste. Especially the young people want to migrate in order of a better future. A convoluted blend of the absence of social security and limited economic opportunities, coupled with a lack of sense of belonging, peer pressure, and an immigration mindset is what creates the desire of young Moroccans to move away from their homeland.(ELEONORA)

4. Do they integrate easily?

Moroccans and depend on several factors, including the destination country's policies, cultural differences, language barriers, and individual circumstances. Some may integrate smoothly, while others may face challenges adjusting to a new environment. Successful integration often involves a willingness to adapt, learn the language, understand local customs, and engage with the community. (ELEONORA)

5. What does your country do to help them? 

Spain provides various support and assistance to Moroccan immigrants to facilitate their integration and settlement. This includes:1Legal Support

2Language Courses 3Employment Assistance 4Social Integration Programs 5Healthcare and Education Access 6Integration Policies 7Integration Policies.It's important to note that the effectiveness of these initiatives can vary based on individual circumstances, region, and specific policies in place at the time of immigration++++(ELEONORA)

6. Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

there are numerous associations and organizations dedicated to helping refugees in various ways, including providing assistance, support, education, healthcare, legal aid, and other essential services. Some prominent international organizations include:1United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 2International Rescue Committee (IRC) 3Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) 4Amnesty International 5 Save the Children 6 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (ELEONORA)

For the most up-to-date and accurate information, I recommend referring to official sources such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) or relevant government agencies. They regularly publish reports and statistics on asylum seekers globally. (ELEONORA)

8.Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

A convoluted blend of the absence of social security and limited economic opportunities, coupled with a lack of sense of belonging, peer pressure, and an immigration mindset is what creates the desire of young Moroccans to move away from their homeland. (ELEONORA)

9. How many people ask for their nationality every year?

10. How many people get it? 

11. What are the rules to become a citizen?

depending on the specific country's laws, policies, and immigration system. Common steps often include obtaining a visa, meeting residency requirements, demonstrating language proficiency, passing a citizenship test, and showing proof of integration into the society. It's important to research and understand the immigration laws of the specific country you're interested in. In spain the process to become a citizen typically involves several stages. Here's a general outline:Residency,Temporary Residency,Permanent Residency,Naturalization,Language and Cultural Knowledge,Integration,Background Checks(Eleonora)

12. Are there quotas to limit legal immigration?

in September 2021, Spain does not have specific quotas to limit legal immigration. However, like many countries, Spain has immigration policies and laws in place to regulate the number and types of immigrants it admits based on its economic, social, and political considerations. (Eleonora)

13. Are illegal immigrants deported?

It depends the country.  

Spain, like many other countries, has mechanisms in place to address individuals without legal immigration status.

When individuals are found to be in Spain without proper authorization or have overstayed their visas, they may face deportation or removal proceedings. The specific procedures and criteria for deportation in Spain can include factors such as immigration status, criminal record, humanitarian circumstances, and agreements with other countries. (Eleonora)

14. What are the country’s laws 

15. Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

16. Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

Migrant camps, also known as refugee or migrant centers, are facilities where migrants, refugees, or asylum seekers are temporarily accommodated. These camps provide shelter, basic services, and often assistance with legal and administrative processes. The conditions and capacity of these camps can vary widely based on the country, location, and available resources ← in general (Eleonora)

17. Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

18. Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

Morocco doesnt host immigrants(at least they are only few and thats why we cant find enough informatio). Instead moroccans prefer to  leave their homeland for a better quality life! The main reason of this situation is  the country's low economy. (Eleonora)

The moroccans usually megrate to spain, to italy , to france  , to belgium but also to netherlands, germany…Additionally, some Moroccans migrate to Gulf countries like the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia for work opportunities. The United States and Canada also attract a smaller number of Moroccan immigrants.(Eleonora)

1. Has anything happened recently that made immigration a burning issue?

The most important in my opinion is the asylum and refugee crisis   surge in asylum seekers or refugees due to conflicts , natural disasters etc. can draw attention to immigration policies,humanitarian efforts but also the need for 

Spain:

Given its geographic proximity to Morocco, Spain has a notable population of Moroccan immigrants. Attitudes can vary, but generally, Spain has experienced immigration waves from Morocco, and policies aim to balance integration efforts while addressing concerns about immigration's impact on various societal aspects.

France:

France has a significant population of Moroccan immigrants, particularly due to historical ties and migration patterns. Moroccan immigrants often face issues related to integration, discrimination, and socioeconomic disparities. French policies aim to promote integration and combat discrimination.

Belgium:

Belgium also has a community of Moroccan immigrants. Like in other European countries, integration, access to education, employment, and combating discrimination are often key issues. Policies aim to foster social cohesion and inclusion.

Netherlands:

The Netherlands has a diverse population, including a community of Moroccan immigrants. Integration, language proficiency, and participation in society are key themes in Dutch policies aimed at immigrants, including Moroccans.

Italy:

Italy, although not as geographically close as Spain, has experienced immigration from North Africa, including Morocco. Integration, labor market access, and cultural understanding are areas of focus in Italian immigration policies.

 (Question 19)

More than twenty dedicated structures dot its territory

Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

Afghans represent 10 to 20% of irregular migrants apprehended in Türkiye

What is the country’s ideology concerning foreigners?

What are the opinions of the different political parties concerning immigration? 

Is it a controversial topic for the government at the moment?

What do some people blame immigrants for?

In Turkey, part of public opinion considers that foreigners are the source of the country's ills

-How many immigrants enter the country illegally per year?

there are 260 000 illegal immigrants per year

-Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

They come from middle east, asia, africa, syria, afghanistan, iraq, sub-saharan africa

-Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

Unsecured immigrants seem to be concentrated in younger age groups (15 to 30) and in the mature age group (above 51), while secured immigrants are mainly between the ages of 31 to 50. 

-Do they integrate easily?

What does your country do to help them? 

The Greek authorities developed a national strategy for integration of refugees into the labour market and the EU is funding activities to support education, housing and employment in Greece. The EU-funded HELIOS programme supports beneficiaries of international protection to create a new life and home.

-Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

UNHCR : 

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

-Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

-HOW MANY NEW ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE THERE EVERY YEAR?

Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted. Greece refugee statistics for 2022 was 160,761.00, a 34.36% increase from 2021. Greece refugee statistics for 2021 was 119,650.00, a 16.05% increase from 2020. Greece refugee statistics for 2020 was 103,101.00, a 28.15% increase from 2019.

-Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

In response to the 2015 crisis, Greece has taken steps to better welcome migrants who reach its borders. In November 2021, the Minister of Migration inaugurates two new closed centers on the islands of Kos and Leros, adding to the one already in place on the island of Samos

-Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

on the island of Samos, the island of Kos and the island of Leros 

-Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

18- In all, between 1890 and 1940, over 500,000 Greeks left the country. Between 1945 and 1975, over one million left, two-thirds of them for industrial Europe6. This history of migration has led Greece to become a country with a very large community outside its borders.

19- Since the start of 2022, more than 15,000 people have reached the country from various points. The Evros river, the natural border with Turkey, is the place where migrants are most numerous, with over 5,500 people.

2-Preparation of a conference followed by a Role-play debate with ambassadors from different countries

3-Transnational teams (French/ Greek/ Italian to prepare the role play.)

2. Where do most illegal immigrants come from ?How old are they? What is their gender?

3. Where do most legal immigrants come from? How old are they? What is their gender?

4. Do they integrate easily?

5. What does your country do to help them?

6. Are there associations helping refugees? Are there celebrities taking a stand in favour of refugees?

7. Can you find the testimony of a young refugee, whose success story became a source of inspiration?

8. How many new asylum seekers are there every year?

9. Why do they want to leave their country and come to your country?

10. How many people ask for the nationality every year?

11. How many people get it?

12. What are the rules to become a citizen?

13. Are there quotas to limit legal immigration?

14. Are illegal immigrants deported?

15. What are the country’s laws regarding immigration?

16. Are there new policies to change immigration laws?

17. Are there migrants’ camps in the country? Are there detention centers? 

18. Does the country have a history of immigration? Has your country been a host country?

19. Have there been waves of immigration? From where?

20. What is the country’s ideology concerning foreigners?

21. What are the opinions of the different political parties concerning immigration? 

22. Is it a controversial topic for the government at the moment?

23. What do some people blame immigrants for?

24. Has anything happened recently that made immigration a burning issue?

25. Other information :.......................

-Migrants a person who travels to another place or country, usually in order to find work: The cities are full of migrants looking for work.An umbrella term, not defined under international law, reflecting the common lay understanding of a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. The term includes a number of well-defined legal categories of people, such as migrant workers; persons whose particular types of movements are legally-defined, such as smuggled migrants; as well as those whose status or means of movement are not specifically defined under international law, such as international students.

-Legal Immigrant a person who legally comes to a country in order to settle there:

-Illegal immigrant

-Refugees a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

1. Has Europe been a land of immigration?Immigration to Europe has a long history, but increased substantially after World War II. Western European countries, especially, saw high growth in immigration post 1945, and many European nations today (particularly those of the EU-15) have sizeable immigrant populations, both of European and non-European origin.

2. Has the USA been a land of immigrants?Immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of its history. In absolute numbers, the United States has by far the highest number of immigrant population in the world, with 50,661,149 people as of 2019.^[1][2] This represents 19.1% of the 244 million international migrants worldwide, and 14.4% of the United States' population. In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S.-born children of immigrants in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.^[3]

3. What rights do migrants have? What kind of obligations do they have?

4. Under international law, migrants have human rights by virtue of their humanity. International customary law and international human rights instruments are of universal application and therefore set States duties and rights of migrants. There are various other international instruments that specifically  address the protection of migrants and their rights. In addition, recent attention has been drawn to the obligations of States, under international human rights law, towards dead and missing migrants and their families (Grant, 2016).

5. Migrants access to rights may be evaluated by measuring the rights granted to migrants in principle and in practice. The former is relatively straightforward and looks at international and regional treaty ratifications by States and their national law to respect, protect and fulfil migrants’ rights, while the latter requires looking at the implementation of rights, or if migrants’ rights are actually upheld and exercised. Measuring the rights granted to migrants and their effective access in practice is limited by a lack of data, information, resources, and the large number of rights requiring evaluation. 

6. emigrants have to

7. What are the main reasons for migrants to leave their country?Some people move in search of work or economic opportunities, to join family, or to study. Others move to escape conflict, persecution, terrorism, or human rights violations.

8. because of dictators and natural catastrophes

9. Will human migration change in the future ? Why ?

10. Can you find figures about human migration in the future?it will increase because of climate change

Erasmus gave them the chance to meet, to find a way to comunicate, to co operate to build bridges among the cultures expressed by the languages and (this is the WOW!) jump over the cultural, linguistic or social walls. They are ready to prepare a better world.

SPAIN/Catalugna hosted the last mobility of several students from different countries : France, Spain, Italy and Greece.
Here they where offered to learn catalan and practice french, english as well as spanish.