• Pruritus

• Erythema

• Scaling

• Waxy exudation

• Lichenification

Diagnosis:

• Malassezia pachydermatis is commensal.

• Skin cytology from tape prep or impression smear ("peanut")

Treatment:

• Topical therapy: Antifungals, keratomodulating agents

• Systemic if severe or unresponsive

• Combo therapy better outcome

Most common: Staph. pseudointermedius (comensal oportunistic bacteria)

Clinical signs:

• Papules, pustules, epidermal colorretes

Dx:

• Impresión smear of the pustule (if there Is a bacilli needs culture the skin)

Tx:

• Superficial: topical treatment (Clorhexidine + antibiotic)

• Deep infection: systemic antimicrobials (cephalexine/amox-clav) for 3 to 4 weeks or 1 to 2 weeks past a cinical cure.

Factors:

• Genetic

• Breed (english bulldog, french bulldog boxer, labrador)

• Enviroment

• Climate / Seasonal

• Diet

• Age (6 months -3 years)

Clinical signs: Pruritis (Licking, scratching, biting, rubbing, head shaking), brocken hairs (trichogram)

Skin lesions: Crusting, lichenification, erithema

Afected areas: Muzzle, periocular areal, concave pinae, axila, interdigital and inguinal area

Diagnosis: Clinical criteria and exclusion of other disseases (ectoparasites, flea allergy, pyoderma, malassezia). Make all dermatologic basic tests.

*Intradermal skin testing and IgE serology are not very stadarized or specific. A lot of false positive.

Treatment:

¡MULTIMODAL TREATMENT!

Flea prevention, treat other signd like malassesias, steroids but not for long term,cyclosporine, oclacitinib, lokivetmab

Intradermal skin testing when you want to se the specific allergen to start inmunotherapy.