U.S. War on Terror

Invasion of Afghanistan (2001)

Invasion of Iraq (2003)

Bush Doctrine / preemptive warfare

U.S. relations with the Middle East after 9/11

NATO involvement post-9/11

boarder shift in foreign policy

Martin Indyk contended that reducing the terrorist threat

Kenneth pollack urged that the United States “invaded Iraq, eliminate the present regime, and pave the way for successors”

Engaged and complicated its mission

the attacks turned the us on its side

This was the first time NATO when the latter invoked article 5

The invoked article 5 because they said that the attack on US was an attack on all of the US was an attack on all of nato members

The us took the advantages to construct the global war on terror

dealing with terrorism led to structural changes

Patriot act was established -> this was a indication of a new order for internal security

Authorization to use military force gave the executive power which they were able to send the US forces into the new world

America grew its military and its intelligence presence

forge in policy was reserved

When barrack was elected his goverment sought to cycle out the policy’s of massive intervention and focus on more multilateral relations and alliances

The pivot to Asia’s approach cause a shift in their priories

trumps abrupt rejection of the past approaches to internationalism

His administration followed a transactional and sovereignty foreign policy

Emphasis on the Americas first echos

Significant changes are -> tariffs, the exit of numerous internal agreements, Paris climate agreement, the rejoin of Iran nuclear deal. Decreased participation in international organizations

https://nycfpa.org/09/11/from-unity-to-isolation-transformation-of-us-foreign-policy-since-9-11/

old allies started to becoming doubtful of the US commitments

NATO members agreed about how much the military was spending

The Russian aggression in Ukraine and Syria

Abandonment of the strategic leadership positions

unity isolation becasue a new debate concerning the basics of the Us involvement in the world

The Biden administration took steps to renew their relationship with other country’s

Internal politicking still influences the foreign policy

budget cut effects the us department of defense

Most of the budget shifted to technological modernization

Transformation is the step towards shifting image of power projection between in solitary of 2001 and the isolationism of the years after it illustrates an even greater conflict

The Role of Cable News in Shaping Public Opinion After 9/11

How 9/11 Influenced the Rise of Political Talk Radio and Punditry

The Spread of Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories After 9/11

Media Censorship and Self-Regulation in the Wake of National Tragedy

Department of homeland security is shorten to DHS

DHS is made up of 22 different federal department agencies

This office oversaw and coordinated a comprehensive nation strategy to safeguard

Eleven days Pennsylvania governor tom ridge was appointed as the first director of the office of homeland security in the White House

In November of 20023 the DHS came into being as a stand alone

The presidents most important job is to protect and defend the American people

The responsibility’s for homeland security’s are dispersed among more than 100 different federal department

Pathway of the goverment activities into one single department whose primary missions

Border and Transportation Security

Emergency Preparedness and Response

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures

Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection

TSA is short for transportation security Ty administration

TSA was created after 9/11 to overseeing security in all modes of transportation and completed federalization of security operations

TSA has been apart of DHS since march of 2003

TSA makes up a quarter of DHS workforce

commercial and general aviation

Mass transit systems

Freight and passenger rail

Highways

Pipes and ports

65,000 employees

50,000 transportation security officers

TSA screens more than 2 million passengers each day ay 440 airports nationwide

There are over 350 explosives specialist

More than 1,00 transportation security inspectors are in compliance of standard operations

Inspectors over see more than 40,00 transportation operators in aviation

Prior to 9/11 security was almost invisible

Several hijackers were flagged by CAPPS at the other airports but none fo them were questioned and they were allowed to board

The hijacker’s carried knives and razor blades in their attack

Even if these weapons were defaced it would of matter because they wouldn’t of matter

The FAA allowed knives up to 4 inches in length on an air craft during that time

After 9/11 the federal aviation administration order all commercial aircraft’s still until September 14

Once planes were allowed to fly again many people didnt fly

The best time for people to stormy he cockpit 10-15 minutes after take off

In 2018 congress approved a measure to required secondary Barrie’s but only on newly built planes only

https://nypost.com/2022/09/03/21-years-after-9-11-secondary-barriers-for-cockpits-still-not-mandatory/

Ice stands for Immigartion and Customs Enforcement

Ice was created in march of 2003 by the homeland security act

Congress harbored ice a unique combination of civil and criminal authorities to better protect nation security and public safety

Ice primary mission is to promote homeland security and public safety through the criminal and civil enforcement of federal law governing border control

ERO upholds US immigration Law

ERO work is critical to the enforcement of immigration law against those who present danger to our national security

ERO targets public safely threats such as convicted Criminal undocumented aliens and gang members

ERO manages all aspects of the immigration enforcements process

ERO removes undocumented aliens for t he US from more than 150 countries around the world

Ice is in charge of detecting and dismantling transnational criminal network that targets the American people and threaten our industries

Ice investigates the criminal enterprises that engage in a broad range of illicit activity including narcotics smuggling, human tracking, gang violence, money laundering and other financial crime. Intellectual property theft, customs fraud

Ice has more than 20,000 employees

400 offices around the US and abroad

ERO officers alone have doubles from 3,00 to 6,00

HSI has 8,500 employees

The ice budgets have inception was only 3.3 billion to 7.5 billion

Tens of millions Americans and people from around the world stood around there tv watching the terriost attacks that was happening on their own soil

Viewers and readers relived the attacks everyday with watch the tv and newspaper and magazines

https://www.brookings.edu/events/running-toward-danger-how-the-news-media-performed-on-9-11-and-beyond/

when the attacks first happened coverage immeditaely began coverage

Major media organizations were essential in addressing confusion and grief following 9/11 on a national scale

the only source of information for days following the attack was through the media

Confronted with a level of violence deemed unspeakable, allowing the media to do the talking

“television cable news was the primary way that we got news about what was happening then” Patrick Moos ’02

“cell phones were really just for voice then,” Katherine Boas ’02

us administration launched a new series of military operations in reaction to the new waves of terriost attacks

Terriost attackers that stroked the east coast of the United States leaving nearly 6,000 dead

The attacks on 9/11 sparks new and more difficult debate over balancing national security, free speech, and patriots

The press comments had several occasions provoked the fury of authorities, along with the interest of the American public

American and foreign media, including the Internet, have been subjected to since 11 September

Many journalists and foreign observers have already cast doubt on the objectivity and independence of the American press, particularly the TV channels, in this period of "war effort"

several voices have been raised within the United States warning the public about a decline in freedom of expression and opinion

freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, in exchange for tightening security

United States warning the public about a decline in freedom of expression and opinion, freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution

We have to be sure that we remain an open society, in which individual freedoms are respected," said Strobe Talbott

US counter-attacks, remain in a minority

critical appear weakened by the emotion produced by this dramatic terrorist act

critical appear weakened by the emotion produced by this dramatic terrorist act

"The shock of 11 September seems to have stifled the most militant of people, giving way to a de facto tolerance towards tougher than usual stances on the part of the military and the judiciary," said journalist Sylvie Kauffman

climate of media coverage devoted to covering the aftermath of the attacks, the preparations and continuing US counter-attacks, remain in a minority

Critical appear weakened by the emotion produced by this dramatic terrorist act, the death of thousands of innocent people and the suffering of their bereaved families

They consider that it is still too soon, even inappropriate, to be raising the alarm over events considered largely

secondary

stances on the part of the military and the judiciary

While countries throw themselves into a fresh military operation, the vigilance of organisations defending human rights and individual freedoms are all the more needed

umber of regimes find the temptation too great to exploit the genuine emotion produced by these attacks on the United States on 11 September to restrict freedom of the press and more generally to silence domestic opposition under the cover of the struggle against terrorism

affecting press freedom in the United States between 11 September and 7 October 2001

Most of them have been reported and commented on by the American press or by specialist Internet sites

Territories under Palestinian Authority or Liberia

Record several incidents of press freedom violations directly linked to the events in America. While avoiding all linkage with these regimes

Series of episodes affecting press freedom in the United States between 11 September and 7 October 20001, the date of the American military counter-attack.

Unprecedented scale of the attacks on New York and Washington, and the presumed use by the terrorists of advanced computer technology, prompted fears among internet users of a tightening of web surveillance, as called for by the security services

A number of sources report that a few hours after the attacks on 12 September, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

obtain information on possible email exchanges between the terrorists. Technicians working for these companies have said off the record to the American online magazine Wired that FBI agents wanted to install the electronic bugging system "Carnivore

https://rsf.org/en/between-pull-patriotism-and-self-censorshipthe-us-media-torment-after-11-september?utm_source=chatgpt.com

promised to pick up the tab for all the costs of installation and use". Another one working for Hotmail said that the FBI had asked for, and obtained, from company executives all information on accounts, whose names included the word Allah.

installed at an Internet access provider Carnivore can record and save all information exchanged between users

The "Combating terrorism Act" voted through after a half-hour debate in the Senate on 13 September, barely two days after the attacks, exempts the security services from judicial approval for the use of Carnivore

This procedure allows internet-users to enjoy confidentiality when exchanging information on the Internet with the use of encryption software.

Law this act has still to be approved by a joint commission of members of the Senate and House of Representatives

This procedure allows internet-users to enjoy confidentiality when exchanging information on the Internet with the use of encryption software

Already last March the head of the FBI Louis Freeh said he was convinced that terrorist networks were using encryption

13 September the Republican senator Judd Gregg called in a speech to Congress for a worldwide ban on encryption software unless public authorities had been given the means to decode the messages

The FBI took ten months to decode the files, the majority of which had been encrypted with PGP software

Defenders of encryption say to this that intelligence has already shown its weakness in this area in as much as the terrorists appear to have already used methods that avoid electronic surveillance

The creator of PGP, David Zimmerman, who was nearly jailed in the United States during the 1980 for distributing his programme

together we have decided that society has more to gain than to lose from effective encryption