https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av By: Ashlee Manahan en-us 2021-10-30 19:05:49 UTC 2025-11-28 15:35:31 UTC hello@padlet.com almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855832761 1. Protrude your tongue slightly from your mouth.
2. Hold the tongue gently with your teeth. 
3. Swallow while keeping your tongue protruded. 
4. Relax/repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:06:54 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855832761 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855833085 Purpose: To improve airway closure and prevent aspiration. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:07:20 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855833085 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855833167 Types: Tongue Resistance Exercises, Base of Tongue Exercises, Tongue Range of Movement (ROM) Exercises. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:07:25 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855833167 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855833775 Evidence suggests that the Masako maneuver may not benefit patients with increased pressures of the tongue base to the pharyngeal wall. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:08:09 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855833775 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836258 Only a minority of exercises prescribed for patients with dysphagia have sufficient evidence for long-term improvement in swallowing]]> 2021-10-30 19:10:54 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836258 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836491 This study reported that among 17 head and neck cancer survivors, 16 participants showed a continual improvement in their chin tuck, jaw opening, and anterior strength after 6-8 weeks. The researchers assert that this indicates OMEs can provide an effective tool to improve swallowing function long-term. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:11:10 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836491 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836558 2021-10-30 19:11:17 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836558 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836970 2021-10-30 19:11:46 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855836970 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855838599 Purpose: To improve labial strength to keep the bolus in the oral cavity and in preparing the bolus for transfer. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:13:47 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855838599 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844473 A technique to open the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) by extending the duration of laryngeal elevation. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:20:49 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844473 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844665 To produce an effortful swallow patients are instructed to swallow normally while squeezing their throat and tongue muscles very hard throughout the process. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:21:03 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844665 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844813 2021-10-30 19:21:12 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844813 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844881 Effortful and Mendelsohn maneuver swallows significantly alter the pharyngoesophageal pressure profile. Faster opening of the upper esophageal sphincter may facilitate bolus transfer during maneuver swallows; however, reduced proximal esophageal contractility during Mendelsohn maneuver swallows may impair bolus flow and aggravate dysphagic symptoms.]]> 2021-10-30 19:21:17 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855844881 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855850422 Purpose: To improve base of the tongue movement and strength in order to better propel the bolus. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855850422 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855854389 Research finds tongue strengthening exercises to be effective in increasing strength and thickness of oropharyngeal muscles in the elderly population. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:33:08 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855854389 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855854718 2021-10-30 19:33:32 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855854718 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855857676 Research suggests performing swallowing exercises prior to chemoradiation for treatment of head and neck cancer increases improvements in post-treatment swallowing function. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:37:20 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855857676 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855860228 Unassistive use of the tongue pull-back exercise is not any more helpful for improving tongue-base retraction than typical swallowing. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:40:32 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855860228 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855861117 Research suggests the actual effectiveness of the effortful swallow is highly variable among patients. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:41:40 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855861117 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855863455 Tongue-to-palate resistance training has a significant impact on increasing tongue strength and oropharyngeal swallowing function in patients post stroke. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:44:38 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855863455 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855864396 Research findings report that chin-tuck against resistance, jaw opening against resistance, and effortful swallow exercises show a significant increase in mean tongue strength, jaw-opening strength, anterior tongue strength, suprahyoid muscle volume, and maximum mouth opening after 6 weeks of implementation in patients with head and neck cancer. ]]> 2021-10-30 19:45:47 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855864396 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855876625 Tongue strengthening exercises were not found to have any significant improvement in tongue strength or swallowing measures in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for oral/oral pharyngeal cancer. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855876625 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855889589 Research suggests that tongue strength exercises provide a positive effect on tongue motility, bolus formation, tongue to palate contact, premature bolus loss, and oral transit time in post-stroke patients. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:16:32 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855889589 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855895067 Research findings indicate that patients with head and neck cancer should employ the use of jaw, tongue, lips, and larynx ROM exercises for the first 3 months post surgical procedures. This research indicates that ROM exercises improves global measures of swallowing as compared to patients who do not use them. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:23:26 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855895067 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855898728 Research indicates the use of motor swallowing exercises improves dysphagia symptoms such as loss of bolus control, piecemeal swallow, and residue on the tongue, valleculae, and pyriform sinuses in patients with Parkinson's Disease. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:27:53 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855898728 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855907107 1. Take a breath. 
2. Bear down and hold your breath for 10 seconds. 
3. Relax. 
4. Repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855907107 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855909795 1. Place one or both hands under your chair and pull.
2. Hold your breath tightly. 
3. Relax. 
4. Repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:41:50 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855909795 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855910734 1. Turn your head to the left/right. 
2. Hold your breath tightly. 
3. Let go and say "ahhh". 
4. Repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:43:01 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855910734 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855917024 This table consists of popular exercises typically used to increase labial strength and ROM.
Reference: Murray, T., Carrau, R. L., & Chan, Karen M. K. (2022). Clinical management of swallowing disorders. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:50:51 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855917024 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855917718 This table consists of popular exercises typically used to increase tongue and jaw strength or ROM.
Reference: Murray, T., Carrau, R. L., & Chan, Karen M. K. (2022). Clinical management of swallowing disorders. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:51:39 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855917718 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855918471 This table lists specific impairments and the exercises that would be best suited to help improve them.
Reference: Murray, T., Carrau, R. L., & Chan, Karen M. K. (2022). Clinical management of swallowing disorders. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:52:31 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855918471 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920093 Purpose: To improve jaw ROM or to improve upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening during the swallow. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:54:32 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920093 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920378 The purpose of this exercise is to strengthen the muscles that contribute to the opening of the UES and to significantly decrease the hypopharyngeal bolus pressure as it inters the UES which allows for bolus passage with less resistance. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:54:54 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920378 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920872 Research suggests the Shaker Exercise is an effective exercise to improve swallowing function in patients post-stroke. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:55:30 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920872 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920942 Researchers report that the Shaker Exercise can provide effective improvement in the amount of residue, spillage, penetration risk, and aspiration risk in patients with Myasthenia Gravis. ]]> 2021-10-30 20:55:34 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920942 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920987 Results suggest that the use of the Shaker Exercise along with kinesio taping provided an effective outcome in dysphagia symptoms of patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). ]]> 2021-10-30 20:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855920987 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855926852 2021-10-30 21:03:30 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855926852 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855935945 2021-10-30 21:16:51 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855935945 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855940233 Purpose: To improve the tongue control for food and liquid bolus manipulation, mastication, and front to back bolus movement. ]]> 2021-10-30 21:23:12 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855940233 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855941367 Purpose: To improve tongue strength and endurance for food and liquid bolus manipulation, mastication, and front to back bolus movement. ]]> 2021-10-30 21:25:04 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1855941367 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856845194 This research study attempted to examine the effects of dysphagia treatment, including OMEs, for children with neurological impairment, but was unable to produce viable results due to the various disorders among the participants as well multiple other confounds. ]]> 2021-10-31 15:42:58 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856845194 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856856379 These researcher performed a systematic review on the effectiveness of dysphagia therapy techniques including OMEs. Overall, the researchers state there appears to be a positive trend in the use of OMEs for short-term improvements of dysphagia symptoms. However, the researchers note that the sample size of papers was small and results of studies were typically unable to be generalized. Furthermore, the researches expressed the need for studies researching the long-term effects of these treatment plans. ]]> 2021-10-31 15:50:41 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856856379 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856861342 This study acknowledges the different types of dysphasic treatments that are typically incorporated in therapy have limited evidence to support their efficiency, which in turn leaves clinicians feeling unsure about what treatments to provide for their pediatric dysphagia clients. ]]> 2021-10-31 15:54:11 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856861342 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856876526 Although research suggests that OME appear to be an effective treatment for dysphagia in various populations, there are still many limitations to these findings. The majority of existing research is limited due to sample sizes, generalizability, and reducibility among research trials. Many studies note that their results might be heavily impacted by extraneous variables that tend to differ among participants throughout the studies, which is evident in the contradicting outcomes that have been published regarding specific techniques (i.e. masako, effortful swallow, tongue resistance training). Because of these mixed results, when determining whether or not to include the use of OMEs for dysphagia treatment clinicians must base the decision on the patient's specific case history and conduct research regarding the effects of each exercise on patients with a similar population group, if there is research available. ]]> 2021-10-31 16:03:55 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856876526 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856892765 While research regarding the short-term outcomes of OME as a treatment for dysphagia are limited, research regarding the long-term effects is even more minimal. The majority of existing research regarding OME efficacy acknowledges the lack of evidence surround the long-term benefits and express the need for further research. Currently, there is still little to no research that has been brought to light regarding this issue. Other concerning factors regarding the analyses of OME efficacy includes research involving pediatric dysphagia. There is a severe lack of current studies assessing the effectiveness of OME as a therapy technique in pediatric dysphagia. ]]> 2021-10-31 16:16:19 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856892765 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856904592 Research indicates that OMEs might provide beneficial swallowing improvements in select adult dysphagia populations. However, due to the limited studies available to provide the results, as well as contradicting data that has been published, more evidence needs to be provided in order for clinicians to regard OMEs as an efficient treatment technique. Furthermore, due to the lack of research regarding the long-term effects, OMEs cannot be regarded as highly efficient therapy for dysphagia as there is little evidence any progress they provide will be retained. 
Lastly, because there is minimal research regarding pediatric dysphagia and the use of OMEs, this cannot be regarded as an efficient therapy technique until there is any evidence provided that it might work, even in short term trials for the pediatric population. ]]> 2021-10-31 16:24:58 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856904592 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856910220 Oral motor exercises (OMEs) are composed of various exercises involving the tongue, lips, jaw, and larynx to improve muscle strength to provide a safer swallow function. These exercises are commonly used in dysphagia therapy for various population groups. Popular OMEs are listed under this section, along with videos or diagrams to provide visual examples. ]]> 2021-10-31 16:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1856910220 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857028784 Tongue stretch exercises focus on improving the ROM of the lingual muscles. Exercises include:
1. Sticking your tongue out as far as possible and holding it straight for 15 seconds.
2. Stick your tongue out and push to the left/right for 15 seconds . 
3. Stick your tongue out and push it up/down for 15 seconds. 
4. Relax/repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-31 18:11:19 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857028784 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857029353 Tongue stretch exercises focus on increasing the strength of your lingual muscles. Examples of these are provided in the video.  

]]> 2021-10-31 18:11:54 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857029353 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857029802 The jaw opening exercise is used to improve the strength of jaw muscles.
1. Open your mouth as wide as possible. 
2. Feel the muscles under your tongue at the front of your neck and squeeze tightly. 
3. Hold squeeze 10 seconds. 
4. Relax/repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-31 18:12:20 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857029802 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857031603 Tongue range exercises are another form of exercise to increase the lingual range of motion. Examples of these exercises are provided in the video. ]]> 2021-10-31 18:13:57 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857031603 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857032084 The lip strength exercise works to increase strength in the labial muscles.
1. Place a piece of cloth between the lips. 
2. Pull the cloth with your hand while holding down on it with your lips. 
3. Relax
4. Repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-31 18:14:26 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857032084 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857033785 The lip range exercise is used to increase labial muscle ROM.
1. Smile as wide as possible pushing back against any weakness. 
2. Hold position for 5 seconds, then pucker lips. 
3. Hold pucker for 5 seconds then pull back into smile again. 
4. Repeat trials. ]]> 2021-10-31 18:16:07 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857033785 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857034389 Jaw stretch exercises are used to increase the strength and ROM of the jaw muscles. 
1. Place hand in chin.
2. Push your chin down in hand until jaw is open wide and hold for 10 seconds.  
3. Relax.
4. Repeat.  ]]> 2021-10-31 18:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857034389 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857072252 2021-10-31 18:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857072252 almanaha https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857107316 This table provides a list of popular exercises used to improve laryngeal elevation.
Reference: Murray, T., Carrau, R. L., & Chan, Karen M. K. (2022). Clinical management of swallowing disorders. ]]> 2021-10-31 19:27:14 UTC https://padlet.com/almanaha/kv07va08knwq32av/wish/1857107316