Rheumatoid Arthritis by Jessica Joseph https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd en-us 2022-10-11 14:31:40 UTC 2025-04-24 12:07:55 UTC hello@padlet.com What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? jjose3388 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2335415690 Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. It eventually affects the fingers first since they are smaller joints but can eventually spread to larger joints such as knees or hips. This disease is very painful for patients because it can cause deformities in their joints, such as their fingers. Ulnar drift is a hallmark sign of RA and that is when the fingers position and point away from the thumb. ]]> 2022-10-11 14:36:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2335415690 Clinical Manifestations jjose3388 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2335419007 People with RA can present with the symptoms:
  • pain/aching in more than one joint
  • soreness/stiffness in more than one joint
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • fever 
  • weakness
It's important to note that the symptoms happen on both sides of the body and not just one.
]]> 2022-10-11 14:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2335419007 Cellular Pathophysiology ttena8644 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336124797 Events for Rheumatoid Arthritis are mediated by inflammatory cytokines and antibodies against self-antigens. These inflammatory cytokines are mainly CD4+ T cells that promote inflammation. Tissue injury is promoted by T cells that produce cytokines, which produce other inflammatory responses. In inflammation arginine, an amino acid can be modified into another amino acid; citrulline. When this modification occurs the structure and function of the protein are changed and these proteins may act as antigens. Rheumatoid factors (altered antibodies in RA) consist of IgM and IgG antibodies; occasionally IgA. RFs bind with self antigens and synovial membrane to form an immune complex. ]]> 2022-10-12 00:23:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336124797 Tissue/Organ level pathophysiology ttena8644 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336167410 The synovial membrane is destroyed and this lines the joint cavity. Cytokines and inflammatory enzymes (interleukins, B cells, collagenase) contribute to an immune response that results in leukocyte infiltration in the synovium. Infiltration develops into synovitis, and the synovium of the joint becomes inflamed which can result in joint damage. This inflammation then can spread to articular cartilage, fibrous joint capsules that surround ligaments and tendons. When this occurs it causes pain, deformity, and loss of function. Tissues of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and skin can be affected by this inflammation. ]]> 2022-10-12 01:00:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336167410 Information on RA ttena8644 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336176528 2022-10-12 01:08:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336176528 Therapeutic management: bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336177266 Medications:
NSAIDs: relieve pain and reduce inflammation
Steroids: reduce inflammation and slow joint damage 
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: slow progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save joints/tissues from permanent damage 

Physical/occupational therapy:
Help keep your joints flexible
Develop new ways to do daily activities to make it easier on joints
Assistive devices can be used to reduce stress on joints 

Surgery: last resort 
removal of inflamed joint
tendon repair from joint damage
joint fusion to stabilize joint for pain relief
joint replacement 

Lifestyle modifications:
Physical activity
Maintain range of motion in joints
Stop smoking
Maintain healthy weight to reduce stress on  inflamed joints 
Changes in diet can reduce inflammation

]]> 2022-10-12 01:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336177266 Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336181583 2022-10-12 01:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336181583 Sources ttena8644 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336183234
Stages of RA picture:
Donvito, T. (2018, November 14). The 4 stages of rheumatoid arthritis progression. CreakyJoints. https://creakyjoints.org/about-arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis/ra-overview/rheumatoid-arthritis-stages-progression/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, July 27). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/rheumatoid-arthritis.html

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, May 18). Rheumatoid arthritis. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353648

Rheumatoid arthritis: Signs & treatment: The hand society. Signs & Treatment | The Hand Society. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.assh.org/handcare/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Rheumatoid arthritis: Medlineplus medical encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000431.htm

Textbook:
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Mosby.]]> 2022-10-12 01:14:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336183234 Risk Factors bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336187907
  • Sex: development is more likely in women than men 
  • Age: occurs at any age, but more likely to begin in middle age
  • Family history: may increase risk
  • Smoking: can increase risk of development and develop greater severity 
  • Excessive weight
    • ]]>     2022-10-12 01:17:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336187907     bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336195646 2022-10-12 01:23:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336195646 New England Journal on Rheumatoid Arthritis bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336202103 2022-10-12 01:28:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336202103 bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336207245 2022-10-12 01:33:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336207245 bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336214538 2022-10-12 01:38:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336214538 jjose3388 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336227434 2022-10-12 01:50:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336227434 Type III: Immune-Mediated Hypersensitivity ttena8644 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336295092 Rheumatoid Arthritis does conform to the definition of hypersensitivity because there is an immunologic response to an antigen. That response results in a disease or damage to the host. Type III hypersensitivity is caused by an antigen-antibody or immune complex formed in circulation that is later deposited into vessel walls or tissues. This relates to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as these responses can aggregate in the joints, which as we know is the main place of RA. The immune complex can change during the progression of a disease, like RA it can go from joint inflammation to inflaming tissues of the heart, lungs, etc. Therefore, progressing the disease and making it much worse. ]]> 2022-10-12 02:47:16 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336295092 Patient education bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336325349 This article from UpToDate gives great information for the patient to educate themselves on rheumatoid arthritis]]> 2022-10-12 03:13:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336325349 John Hopkins Patient Education Videos bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336327155 This link is a series on patient education videos by John Hopkins. ]]> 2022-10-12 03:14:58 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336327155 Etiology on Rheumatoid Arthritis bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336330485 This article goes in depth on the causes of rheumatoid arthritis including genetic and environmental factors.]]> 2022-10-12 03:18:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336330485 X-Ray of Rheumatoid Arthritis bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336337623 This image compares a "normal" hand to one with rheumatoid arthritis. In this image bone displacement and bone erosion can be seen, which indicates later stages. ]]> 2022-10-12 03:25:31 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336337623 Mechanism of Action bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336346539 Müller-Ladner, U., Pap, T., Gay, R. et al. Mechanisms of Disease: the molecular and cellular basis of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 1, 102–110 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncprheum0047

    This image is a broad overview of how rheumatoid arthritis acts on the cellular level.]]>     2022-10-12 03:34:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336346539     Immunology of Rheumatoid Arthritis bmacander10 https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336348835 This is a quick video explaining how the immune system is involved in rheumatoid arthritis. ]]> 2022-10-12 03:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jjose3388/kuv4w9xcrr4tzwqd/wish/2336348835