• Human health
  • unsegregated wastes may attract insects and germs that spread disease (typhoid, cholera)
  • the bulk of mosquitos can be vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue, etc.
  • emissions of air pollutants can affect one's health
• Environmental
  • Mismanaged waste is a threat to stray animals and wildlife as animals may try to consume waste that contains food residue or scraps.
  • Waste incineration produces emissions of black carbon that may impact regional air quality and global climate. 
  • waste disposal sites release methane which contributes to climate change.
• Socioeconomic
  • Improper solid waste management missed opportunities for economic growth.
  • The decreasing number of tourists is obviously visible.
• Others
  • clog drainages, flood, water pollution, air pollution,  soil pollution, 

• to address the looming garbage problems in the country
• to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological SWM program
• for public health, environment, and alleviating poverty
• National SWM Commission (coordinating body) & SWM Board (LGUs)

• Waste Characterization and Segregation
  • to separate compostable, non-recyclable, recyclable, and special waste; applicable to household, commercial, industrial, agricultural sources
• Source reduction
  • to divert solid waste disposals through reusing, recycling, and composting
• Collection and Transport of Solid Waste
  • provision of containers, hauling and transfer of wastes, provision of properly trained officers and workers (*PPE)
• Recycling Program
  • DTI: to publish an inventory of existing recyclable materials, product standards, and  a proposal to stimulate production Of recyclable materials and products; establish coding system; to strictly  prohibit non-environmentally acceptable packaging 
  • Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in each barangay or cluster; sanitary landfill
• Composting
  • DA: inventory of markets and demands for composts; composts for commercial distribution ust conform to DA standards for organic fertilizer
• Incentive Scheme
  • to encourage the community to develop outstanding and innovative projects, technologies, processes and techniques in 3 Rs
  • rewards: 10 yr tax exemption, and duty exemption on imported products used for SW ; 50% nat’l internal revenue taxes and custom duties; extension of financial incentives to individuals, enterprises or private entities engaged in SWM and grant entitlement to LGUs
• Penal provisions
• Financial SWM
  • SWM fund from from fines and penalties, proceeds of permits and licenses, donations, endowments, grants and contributions, and amountt allocated under General Appropriations Act
  • to be utilized to finance projects for SWM, awards and incentives, research programs etc.

• Plan what you will eat for the following week, and list what you will buy when you shop (*if you can)
• Buy what you need.
• Be brave to buy the “ugly” fruits and vegetables as long as they are still edible.
• When eating out, ask for smaller portions

• Know how to store your fruits and vegetables. Fruits five off natural gases as they ripen so its better if you keep each type in different bins.
• Prepare your meats before you freeze.

• Cook and eat what you have at home before buying more.
• FIFO: First in, First out—Organize your storage so that the older stocks are at the front so you can use them first.
• Maximize the edible parts of your fruits and vegetables, even the ones that you don’t usually eat.
• Be mindful of the expiration dates of your goods (“sell-by”, “use-by”, “best-buy”)
• Minimize leftovers, and eat the leftovers. Take home leftovers when you eat outside.
• Segregate food wastes, compost, and use them for your plants.
• Donate if you can.

• Save money when you buy less.
• Reduce methane emissions from landfills and lower your carbon footprint.
• Conserve energy and energy resources by minimizing production of products and crops, and also transportation.
• Support your community by donating excess untouched food that could have gone to waste.

• Buy only what you need
  • Plan your meals
  • Avoid impulse buys
• Create shopping list
• Start your home garden
• Check the storage
• Pick ugly fruits and vegetables
  • Before ending up in the trash
• Store food wisely
  • The old product should be in front
• Understand food labeling
• Support local food producers
• Put your food waste to use
  • Instead of throwing leftover foods, compost them
• Sharing is caring
  • .Donate food that would otherwise be wasted.

• Save money
• Reduces greenhouse gases emission.
• Lots of energy and resources
• Reduces pollution

• All citizens and different infrastructure shall undertake the cleaning of their own surroundings, their yards, and gardens, as well as the canals, roads, or streets in their immediate premises. 
• Any person who throws their garbage in public places (canals, roads, parks, etc.) shall suffer imprisonment of not less than 5 days nor more than one year  or  not less than PhP100.00 or more than PhP2,000.00 

What we can do as community researchers is to provide a mental incentive to the masses by gradually shifting our protection and endorsement strategies of our plans and projects from a philosophy of “protect, prohibit, and punish” to “protect, participate, and profit".

1. Protection of public health environment;
2. Utilization, conservation and of valuable resources;
3. Waste avoidance and volume at source;
4. Adoption of environmental management practices;
5. Conduct of national research development on improved solid waste management and resource conservation techniques;
6. Encouragement of private and public sector participation in solid waste management;
7. Enforcement and responsibility for solid waste management with LGUs, NGOs and the private sector; and
8. Integration of ecological waste management into the academic curricula to promote environmental protection awareness.

• Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, such as roads, sidewalks, canals, "esteros" or parks, establishments (fine: P300 - P 1,000)

•  Causing or permitting the collection of no segregated wastes (fine: PI,OOO P3,OOO)

• Establishment or operation of dumps (fine: 0,000 + 5- 10% of net annual income)

• Transport and dumping in bulk of collected domestic, industrial, commercial and institutional wastes in areas other than centers or facilities prescribed in the Act (fine PIO,OOO - P200,OOO)

• Manufacture, distribution or use of Non-Environmentally Acceptable packaging materials (fine: P5,000 + 5- 10% of net annuaI income)

• Importation of consumer products packaged in NEA materials (fine: P5,OQO + 5 - 10% net annual income)

• Mixing of source-separated recyclable materials with other solid waste (fine P5,OOO + 5- 10% of net annual income)

• Importation of to resented as "recyclable" or "with recyclable content" (fine: PIO,OOO - P200,OOO)

• Mandating all graduating elementary, high school and college student to plant at least 10 trees each as a prerequisite for graduation.
• The trees shall be planted in forestlands, mangrove and protected areas, ancestral domains, civil and military reservations, urban areas under the greening plan of the local government units, inactive and abandoned mine sites, and other suitable lands.

• plan your meals and list what you need
• buy local
• buy less
• be brave to buy the "ugly" goods

• FIFO - first in, first out
• understand food labels
• store food properly

• make a home garden
• compost
• consume what you have
• share

• In 2020, the projected annual waste of the Philippines is at 18.05 Million Tons.