<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rss version="2.0">
   <channel>
      <title>Multiple outbreaks of Norovirus by Donna Lacap-Bugler</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2015-09-29 07:32:56 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-11-19 03:16:08 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
      <image>
         <url></url>
      </image>
      <item>
         <title>case definition</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395382993</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> A case was defined as a person who consumed food provided by the catering company and subsequently developed diarrhoea or vomiting and at least one other symptom (i.e. nausea, fever, chills, abdominal pain, backache and muscle aches). </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:51:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395382993</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Epidemiological Investigation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383012</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>6 events over 3 days all catered by the same company<br>Events 1 and 2: Retrospective cohort studies done to determine risk factors, questionnaire sent out<br>Events 3-6: Ill attendees were asked to confirm via email</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:51:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383012</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Host population</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383317</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> event attendees and the convalescent food handler. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:53:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383317</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Outbreak description</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383597</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Who? Catering company employees (chefs, delivery assistant, kitchen hand) and event attendees<br>What? recombinant norovirus GII.e/GII.4<br>Where? Auckland, New Zealand<br>When? September 21-24th 2010</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:54:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383597</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Surveillance</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383894</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Passive surveillance <br><br>Strategy focused</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:56:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395383894</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>PH importance </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384577</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- demonstrates the impact that a sole infected food handler may have in the catering setting, and <br>- catering companies to adopt food safety programmes that enable workers who are recovering from gastrointestinal illness to cease food handling until at least 2 days have elapsed following cessation of symptoms. <br><br>- challenges: food service employees are typically required to draw down on their sick leave entitlement while stood down from work, and those on casual contracts may receive no income while absent from duties. <br>- effective hand hygiene should be practised by catering company workers. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:59:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384577</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Microbiological Investigation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384587</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Faecal samples taken from ill lunch attendees and all food handlers<br>Environmental samples taken from interior of food preparation premises<br>All samples tested for bacterial and viral presence - bacterial negative, RT-qPCR confirmed norovirus was responsible</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 01:59:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384587</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Aim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384900</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>To detect future outbreaks of norovirus</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:00:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384900</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hypothesis</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384962</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>It was hypothesised that the norovirus was spread from the food handlers</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:00:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395384962</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Possible control and prevention</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395385289</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Prevention:<br>- good hygiene<br>- enforce policies to stand-down sick handlers until free of gastroenteritis symptoms for at least 48 hours <br>Control: <br>- remaining away from work until symptoms have been resolved<br>- taking a sick leave if sick<br>- using appropriate cleaning products for toilet surfaces</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:02:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395385289</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Surveillance</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395385440</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>systematic data collection<br>data analysis <br>stat analysis<br> interpretation analysis <br>provide info <br>distribute info <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:03:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395385440</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Environmental Investigation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395385527</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Staff who worked during time of events questioned about if they had been ill within the last 10 days<br>Food safety assessment undertaken<br>Cleaners employed at venue asked if they had cleaned up vomitus in last 10 days</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:03:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395385527</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Attack rate</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395386777</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>overall =(38/158) = 0.2405<br>Event 1 (20 Sept)<br>Poached chicken sandwich = 0.4583<br><br>Event 2 (20 Sept)<br>Italian sushi = 0.6<br>Spiced chicken on cucumber noodle salad = 0.7272<br>Venison with tomato = 0.7<br><br>Event 2 (21 Sept)<br>Club sandwiches = 0.66<br><br>Event 1 &amp; 2 combined <br>0.3243<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:10:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395386777</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395387052</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/417658799/2d01015f87f7b6996c71d0660532f24e/epi_curve.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:11:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395387052</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395387327</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Overall Attack Rate: <br>24.1% (events 1 and 2)<br>27.1% (all events)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/269760388/4f97228fec0e4d22650aeed17a6785fe/Screen_Shot_2019_10_09_at_3_11_04_PM.png" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 02:12:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395387327</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>:)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395422300</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-10-09 05:56:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/donna_lacap/norovirus/wish/395422300</guid>
      </item>
   </channel>
</rss>
