Reflexive verbs are incorporated when the subject and object within a given sentence are the same.

Example: Ella se peinarse antes de ir a la escuela. (She brushes her hair before going to school).

Reflexive verbs with emotions symbolize the subject having an emotional/mental response to something.

Example: Me alegro de verte. (I'm glad/pleased to see you).

Examples of common reflexive verbs:

Calmarse

Cansarse

Enojarse

Asustarse

Emocionarse

Reflexive verbs with emotion are conjugated by choosing the reflexive pronoun (yo=me, tú=te, ustedes=se, etc.) and conjugate the verb.

Example: Ustedes se enojan.

Despite being similar, "por" and "para" are used in different ways. "Por" is used when describing the reason for something, the duration of something, and how something is done. "Para", on the other hand, is incorporated when describing the purpose of something, who something is for, describing a destination, a time in the future, and the effect something has.

Examples of "Por":

Caminamos por el jardín.

Gracias por tu regalo.

Pagué $15 por el libro.

The preterit is incorporated when describing actions that have already taken place/have been completed.

To conjugate verbs into the preterit tense, the "-ar, -ir, or er" ending are removed and replaced with "-é, -í, amos, -imos, etc.)

Examples of the preterit tense:

Yo hablé con ellos.

Ayer, comí arroz con frijoles.

La semana pasada, viajamos a España.

Tú estudiaste para la examen de mañana.

Ella escribió una carta ayer.

The preterit tense is conjugated differently when irregular verbs (estar, hacer, ser, ir, etc.) are incorporated. They include different stems/endings.

Examples of preterit tense with irregular verbs:

Fui al supermercado ayer.

Puse la caja en la mesa.

Ellos pudieron terminar la tarea la semana pasada.

El estuvo en la casa.

Tuviste una semana divertido.

The rule of Personal A is used when the direct object of a verb happens to be a person, it can also be used if it is a pet.

The rule states that the personal A is incorporated before the direct object is stated within a sentence.

Examples of Personal A:

Yo conozco a Martin.

Quiero a mi gato.

Visito a mis primos cada invierno.

La niña abraza a su mamá.

Escuchamos a la profesora en clase.

The rule of personal A only applies to specific people and animals, but not to non-specific, inanimate objects.

Direct object pronouns take the place of the noun that is receiving the action of the verb directly.

Direct object pronouns include: me, te, lo, la, nos, lo/a.

Examples of sentences turning into direct object pronoun sentences:

Invitamos a Pablo. = Lo invitamos.

Yo veo las flores. = Yo las veo.

Ella come las frutas. = Ella la come.

Tengo el papel. = Yo lo tengo.

La niña compra la pluma. = Ella la compra.

Different from the regular preterit, the irregular preterit incorporates the irregular verbs (ser, ir, dar, estar, ver, hacer, tener, poner, and querer) and others with different endings such as "-car" and "-gar".

Irregular verbs can be conjugated in the preterit by changing the endings based on the verb and pronoun.

Examples of the irregular preterit tense:

La semana pasada, yo tuve un examen.

Ella puso las tazas en la mesa.

No pude terminar la película.

Other irregular verbs, when changed into the irregular preterit tense, need a change in the root or spelling, which must be memorized.

Examples:

Mis primos vinieron temprano.

Quise ayudarte ayer.

Ella cayó al suelo.

Verbos como gustar (meaning like) describe someone's feelings or emotions towards something and how something affects someone.

Examples of verbs like gustar:

Interesar

Encantar

Molestar

Fascinar

Preocupar

Verbs like gustar are conjugated based on the subject of the given sentence

Examples of conjugated verbs like estar:

A ellos les duele la cabeza.

A Marcos le fascinan las plantas.

Le molesta el ruido alto.

Nos encantan la música.

Me duele la espalda.

"To become" has several iterations in Spanish, each of which has slightly different meanings that can be applied in different contexts.

Examples of different forms of "to become":

Hacerse

Ponerse

Convertirse

Volverse

Quedarse

Examples of different forms of "to become" in sentences:

Me puse feliz.

Se volvió bien triste.

Llegó a ser profesora.

Se quedó orgulloso.

Se hizo abogado.

The imperfect tense is incorporated when describing past actions that have been repeated or are habitual.

The imperfect tense can also be used when setting the scene and adding background information.

The endings for conjugating the imperfect tense follow only verbs ending in "-ar", "-er", and "-ir".

Examples of sentences using the imperfect tense:

Cuando era pequeña, jugaba con mis amigas.

Hacía frío la semana pasada.

Siempre comíamos sopa los domingos.

Estudiaba cuando tuve un examen.

Vivíamos en un castillo hermoso.