Example 1: Eren Yeager from "Attack on Titan" transforms dramatically from an idealistic boy to a complex antihero. His growth symbolizes his conflict with fate, freedom, and morality, making him one of the anime's intriguing characters.

Example 2: Harry Potter from the Harry Potter series, Harry evolves from a timid boy into a confident young man.

1. Person vs Self: A character struggling with itself.

2. Person vs Person: A character against another character.

3. Person vs Society: A character or group of characters against a community or society.

4. Person vs Nature: A character against the force of nature.

For example:

1. An example of Person vs Self appears in the movie "Inside Out", when Joy struggles with the idea that Sadness is an obstacle to Riley feeling loved and happy. However, she eventually learns that all emotions are important. 

2. An example of Person vs Nature appears in the movie "The Fault in Our Stars", when Augustus was unable to control that he got cancer for the second time, even though he dealt with it positively until the very end, he was defeated by the conflict (cancer).

Some examples could be:

-“Me Before You” – Jojo Moyes: The theme of this movie is love and personal choice.

-“The Great Gatsby” - F. Scott Fitzgerald: the theme of this book is the illusion of realization of the American Dream. It shows how wealth and status doesn’t guarantee happiness.

For example:

-John Wick’s Dog (John Wick)

Is a flat character who doesn't evolve or have complexity. However, as a symbol of John's last connection to his late wife, its death becomes the motive that triggers the entire plot and his vengeful rampage.

-Uncle Ben (Spider-Man)

Uncle Ben is a flat character because his entire purpose is to motivate Peter by delivering the 'responsibility' speech. While we recognize him as a father figure, he lacks a deep backstory or character development.

Examples:

Achilles

In "The Song of Achilles" by Madeline Miller, we see Achilles as a well-rounded character. While he’s often seen as the heroic and nearly unbeatable warrior from Greek mythology, we see his vulnerabilities. He’s not just a powerful warrior; he’s a young man struggling with the fear of death.

Jon Snow

"In A Song of Ice and fire" by George RR Martin, we see Jon Snow is a round character. As the illegitimate son of Ned Stark, he starts with feelings of isolation, but he grows into a strong, honorable leader. Jon experiences a range of emotions: fear, love, loyalty, and doubt that make him relatable.

Example 1: Darth Vader from "Star Wars" is a static character who maintains his personality, behavior, and flaws throughout the story.

Example 2: The Joker from "Batman The Dark Knight" Unlike Batman, who deals with his moral code, the Joker remains chaotic and nihilistic, never evolving or modifying his viewpoint.

Verbal irony is when someone says the opposite of what they actually mean.

Situational irony is when the outcome is the opposite of what’s expected.

Expectation and fulfillment: a gap between expectation and reality.

• Examples

Dramatic Irony

Movie The titanic: A character says "It's so beautiful I could just die" right before the ship hits the iceberg

Verbal Irony

Book Pride and Prejudice “From the very beginning, from the first moment, I may almost say, of my acquaintance with you, your manners, impressing me with the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others, were such as to form the groundwork of my dislike.”

Situational Irony

Movie Romeo and Julieta:

“Here’s to my love! O true apothecary!

Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die.”

Expectation and fulfillment

Book Wizard of Oz:

“You have plenty of courage, I am sure. All you need is confidence in yourself.”

The Lion expected to receive courage, but the fulfillment is that he already had it all along—he just needed to realize it.