ATOMIC PHYSICS by Sukesh Kamath

1. The structure of an atom in terms of a positive nucleus and negative electrons.

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-17 23:55:53 UTC

Atom consist of a positive and small nucleus.
Mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
The nucleus is surrounded by electrons moving in different orbit.
Most of an atom is empty space.
The nucleus consists of positive (protons) and neutral ( neutrons) particles.

2. The structure of an atom in terms of a positive nucleus and negative electrons

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-17 23:59:53 UTC

The experiment to show alpha particle scattering by a gold foil, also known as Rutherford scattering. Alpha particles from the source strike the gold foil. Most alpha particle pass straight through the gold foil, because they do not pass close to the atomic nucleus. The closer they get to the nucleus, the more they are deflected or scattered. Only those which score a direct hit are reflected straight back.

Gold Foil Experiment

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 00:02:05 UTC

3. The composition of the nucleus in terms of protons and neutrons

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 00:03:02 UTC

The number of protons in an atom is called its PROTON NUMBER or ATOMIC NUMBER (Z).
Protons and neutrons are called NUCLEONS.
The total number of nucleons ( protons + neutrons) in a nucleus is called the NUCLEON NUMBER. or MASS NUMBER ( A)
In General A = Z + N ( N = neutron number)

4. The meaning of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:11:25 UTC

Nuclear Fission

The process of splitting a nucleus is called nuclear fission.

Atoms with relatively large nuclei are easy to split, especially when hit by neutrons.

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion involves two atomic nuclei joining to make a large nucleus. Energy is released when this happens.

The Sun and other stars use nuclear fusion to release energy. The sequence of nuclear fusion reactions in a star is complex, but overall hydrogen nuclei join to form helium nuclei.

Nuclear Fission

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:15:52 UTC

Nuclear Fusion

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:21:26 UTC

5. Balance equations involving nuclide notation

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:23:15 UTC

Each different form of nucleus is called NUCLIDE.
Atomic nuclides are sometimes represented by symbols.

Atomic Structure

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:27:43 UTC

Nuclide Notation

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:40:41 UTC

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:46:41 UTC

Balanced Equation using Nuclide Notation

sukeshkamath — 2016-01-18 01:50:43 UTC