• Women gained voting rights in Nazi Germany 

• Nazi Party formed 

• October 31: Mussolini formed his coalition government and became Prime Minister of Italy 

• Japan signed agreement with USA, Britain and France to limit navy size 

• France occupied Ruhr Valley to collect German debt 

• German inflation spiraled out of control 

• November 8-9: Hitler led the Beer Hall Putsch (failed coup attempt in Munich) 

• Earthquake in Tokyo area killed more than 100,000 people 

• Stalin begins his rise to power 

• Hitler released from prison after failed coup attempt 

• Hitler dictated "Mein Kampf" while imprisoned 

• "Lost Generation" emerged after WWI 

• Scientific advancements accelerated 

• Society transformed rapidly 

• Affordable automobiles became available 

• Improved telephones 

• Radio development 

• Motion pictures gained popularity 

• Washing machines and vacuum cleaners became common 

• Jazz music emerged 

• Nightclub culture flourished 

• Women increased workforce participation 

• Flapper movement gained popularity 

• Women gained new social freedoms 

• Christian fundamentalist opposition to cultural changes 

• Evolution debate heated up 

• Prohibition era & speakeasies flourished 

• Harlem Renaissance bloomed 

• Important literature by Fitzgerald, Joyce, Woolf 

• Art movements (Abstract, Dadaism, Surrealism) developed 

• Atomic research advanced (Curie, Einstein, Fermi) 

• Medical advances (Fleming) 

• Psychology theories expanded (Freud) 

• Ultranationalists in Japan planned to overthrow government 

  - Build up heavy industry 

  - Improve transportation 

  - Increase farm output 

• Beginning of the Great Depression 

• Unemployment rises dramatically worldwide 

• Bank failures across United States and Europe 

• Japan experienced backlash against liberalism 

• People lost faith in democracy 

• Economic suffering widespread 

• Violence breaking out in many countries 

• WWI veterans angry with governments 

• Resentment over Treaty of Versailles intensified 

• Japan subsequently left the League of Nations 

• 5-8 million died in Ukraine alone 

• Stalin's forced collectivization policies at their height 

• February 27: Reichstag Fire 

• March 23: Enabling Act passed, giving Hitler dictatorial powers 

Worst year for unemployment in the U.S.

• Many doctors and professionals targeted 

• At least four million people purged 

• Complete government control established in totalitarian states 

• Police terror used to maintain power 

• Indoctrination of youth became common 

• Propaganda/censorship controlled information 

• Religious/ethnic persecution intensified 

• Fascist movements gained strength with: 

  - One party controlling everything for "national interest" 

  - Extreme nationalism 

  - No belief in equality 

  - Loyalty to leader 

  - Uniforms worn by members 

  - Support from aristocrats, industrialists, war veterans, lower middle class 

  - Government control of economy 

  - Widespread censorship and indoctrination 

• Japanese government forced to accept military domination 

• September 1: Germany invades Poland, starting World War II 

• Great Depression continues to affect global economy 

World War II begins, and economies start recovering