1. Grasshoppers and Crickets
2. Ants
3. Termites
4. Grubs
5. Woodlice
6. Earthworms
7. Stinkbugs
8. Scorpions
9. Earwigs
10. Aphids
11. Maggots
12. Dragonflies

• Antiseptic wipes
• Antibacterial ointment
• Assorted bandages
• Gauze pads in various sizes
• Medical tape
• Moleskin or another type of blister treatment
• Ibuprofen (or another preferred pain-relief medication)
• Insect sting treatment
• Antihistamine for allergic reactions
• Non-stick pads
• Butterfly bandages
• Tweezers
• Safety pins
• Multitool
• First-aid cards that include instructions on how to use the items if you are not familiar

• Witch hazel: Witch hazel naturally reduces the swelling and irritation of any type of insect bite and also works well for bee and wasp stings.
• Baking soda: Mixing baking soda with water to make a paste to put on the sting site is one of the most common remedies and is very effective. It alleviates pain and itching.
• Nail polish remover: This is my personal go-to for treating stings. Nail polish remover helps draw the stinger out — if one is stuck — and also pulls some of the venom out of the wound to limit its effect.
• Ice: It’s an obvious method to reduce swelling at a sting site, but also helps with pain and itching.
• Mud: This is more of a last-resort method. When there’s nothing else around to put on a bee or wasp sting, mud can alleviate the immediate effects of being stung.
• Onion: A sliced yellow onion, juicy side down on a sting wound, can detoxify the wound and neutralize the venom to help reduce inflammation.
• Garlic cloves: Crushed garlic cloves pressed against a sting is one of the best methods for pain relief.
• Peanut butter: Peanut butter helps soothe bee stings, especially.
• Herbs: Both basil and parsley have been known to relieve pain associated with bee and wasp stings.
• Honey: Pure honey poured on the sting site can help manage some of the pain and swelling.
• Lemon: Mainly used for bug bites, lemon juice can help soothe bee stings as well.
• Toothpaste: Applying toothpaste will create a burning sensation, which helps alleviate itching. However, it’s not the best for overall pain management or reducing swelling.
• Potato: Like the onion, a potato can soothe the sight of a sting. However, it’s reliefe is not long-lasting or as effective.
• Deodorant: Using deodorant will briefly relieve the initial effects of being stung; however, will not stop your reaction from spreading or do much for pain relief or itching over time.
• Vinegar (wasps, yellow jackets, hornets): Because members of the wasp family have venom that contains acetic acid, dabbing acidic vinegar on a sting site can help neutralize its effects."

1. Find a long fairly straight branch and lean one end against a tree.
2. Place more shorter branches along the length of the long one at 45 degree angles
3. Cover the whole thing with large leaves to make a cover.''

• Easy to camouflage
• Good protection from the elements, including snow
• Adaptable to multiple situations
• Can be made easily with a tarp or with just debris

• Be prepared to share the shelter with bugs from the rotting log!
• Will take some time to gather debris to block off entrance"

• Dig a hole. It is unsafe to drink groundwater near the coast because nearby seawater may have contaminated local surface water. Seawater, or salt water, is toxic due to its high salt content. A solar still can help you to collect fresh water or to desalinate salt water, depending on where you choose to construct your still. Use your hands or a shovel to dig a hole roughly two to three feet down into moist sand or mud (for example, in a dry river bed) until you see water rising from the hole's floor.
• Establish a collection point. Place the water bottle or container at the center and drape a piece of plastic over the hole. You can place weights around the perimeter of the plastic sheet to hold it in place and add a small weight of sand on top of the plastic above the collection point.
• Form a tight seal around the edges of your solar still. Create a sealed, greenhouse-like structure above the groundwater source to allow the heat from the sun to evaporate the water below. Water droplets will condensate and collect on the underside of the plastic. These droplets will then run toward the central, low point of the "plastic and drip into your collection container. If you are desalinating salt water, the amount of salt this process removes largely depends on the strength of the sun."

• Ordinary matches
• Cigarette lighters
• Flint and steel strikes
• Torch lighters
• Magnifying glass or prescription glasses
• Flares
• Fire Starter Tools

1. Call 911 if:
2. Stop Bleeding, if Necessary.
3. Splint the Area, if Possible.
4. Reduce Swelling and Prevent Injury.
5. Manage Pain and Inflammation.
6. Get Medical Help As Soon as Possible.
7. Follow Up.

• Identify yourself by talking calmly so the bear knows you are a human and not a prey animal. Remain still; stand your ground but slowly wave your arms. Help the bear recognize you as a human. It may come closer or stand on its hind legs to get a better look or smell. A standing bear is usually curious, not threatening.
• Stay calm and remember that most bears do not want to attack you; they usually just want to be left alone. Bears may bluff their way out of an encounter by charging and then turning away at the last second. Bears may also react defensively by woofing, yawning, salivating, growling, snapping their jaws, and laying their ears back. Continue to talk to the bear in low tones; this will help you stay calmer, and it won't be threatening to the bear. A scream or sudden movement may trigger an attack. Never imitate bear sounds or make a high-pitched squeal.
• Pick up small children immediately. Do not make any loud noises or screams—the bear may think it’s the sound of a prey animal. Slowly wave your arms above your head and tell the bear to back off. Do NOT run or make any sudden movements. Do not make any loud noises or screams—the bear may think it’s the sound of a prey animal.
• Hike and travel in groups. Groups of people are usually noisier and smellier than a single person. Therefore, bears often become aware of groups of people at greater distances, and because of their cumulative size, groups are also intimidating to bears.
• Make yourselves look as large as possible (for example, move to higher ground).
• Do NOT allow the bear access to your food. Getting your food will only encourage the bear and make the problem worse for others.
• Do NOT drop your pack as it can provide protection for your back and prevent a bear from accessing your food.
• If the bear is stationary, move away slowly and sideways; this allows you to keep an eye on the bear and avoid tripping. Moving sideways is also non-threatening to bears.
• Do NOT run, but if the bear follows, stop and hold your ground. Bears can run as fast as a racehorse both uphill and down. Like dogs, they will chase fleeing animals.
• Do NOT climb a tree. Both grizzlies and black bears can climb trees.
• Leave the area or take a detour. If this is impossible, wait until the bear moves away. Always leave the bear an escape route.
• Be especially cautious if you see a female with cubs; never place yourself between a mother and her cub, and never attempt to approach them. The chances of an attack escalate greatly if she perceives you as a danger to her cubs.

• Brown/Grizzly Bears: If you are attacked by a brown/grizzly bear, leave your pack on and PLAY DEAD. Lay flat on your stomach with your hands clasped behind your neck. Spread your legs to make it harder for the bear to turn you over. Remain still until the bear leaves the area. Fighting back usually increases the intensity of such attacks. However, if the attack persists, fight back vigorously. Use whatever you have at hand to hit the bear in the face.
• Black Bears: If you are attacked by a black bear, DO NOT PLAY DEAD. Try to escape to a secure place such as a car or building. If escape is not possible, try to fight back using any object available. Concentrate your kicks and blows on the bear's face and muzzle.

• Care for the wound first before applying a splint. Rinse and cover any open wound.
• An injured body part should usually be splinted in the position in which it was found unless it has been treated by a professional who is a specialist in that body part.
• Find something rigid to use as supports to make the splint, such as sticks, boards, or even rolled up newspapers. If none can be found, use a rolled blanket or clothing. An injured body part can also be taped to an uninjured body part to prevent it from moving. For example, you can tape an injured finger to the finger next to it.
• Extend the splint beyond the injured area to keep it from moving. Try to include the joint above and below the injury in the splint. The added support and stability can help decrease pain.
• Secure the splint with ties, such as belts, cloth strips, neckties, or tape above and below the injury. Make sure the knots are not pressing on the injury. DO NOT make the ties too tight. Doing so can cut off blood circulation.
• Check the area of the injured body part often for swelling, paleness, or numbness. If needed, loosen the splint.
• Seek medical help right away.

1. The best way to do this is to start talking. You can talk to the animal and tell it to go away.
2. Make sure to give the animal space to leave. You don't want to make the animal feel trapped during your encounter, so make sure you give them space to leave. This can be hard because you may be in a place where you are naturally trapped due to things such as a river or rocks. But try your best to guide yourself and the animal where there is space to leave so the animal wanders off on its own.''

• Identify yourself by talking calmly so the bear knows you are a human and not a prey animal. Remain still; stand your ground but slowly wave your arms. Help the bear recognize you as a human. It may come closer or stand on its hind legs to get a better look or smell. A standing bear is usually curious, not threatening.
• Stay calm and remember that most bears do not want to attack you; they usually just want to be left alone. Bears may bluff their way out of an encounter by charging and then turning away at the last second. Bears may also react defensively by woofing, yawning, salivating, growling, snapping their jaws, and laying their ears back. Continue to talk to the bear in low tones; this will help you stay calmer, and it won't be threatening to the bear. A scream or sudden movement may trigger an attack. Never imitate bear sounds or make a high-pitched squeal.
• Pick up small children immediately. Do not make any loud noises or screams—the bear may think it’s the sound of a prey animal. Slowly wave your arms above your head and tell the bear to back off. Do NOT run or make any sudden movements. Do not make any loud noises or screams—the bear may think it’s the sound of a prey animal.
• Hike and travel in groups. Groups of people are usually noisier and smellier than a single person. Therefore, bears often become aware of groups of people at greater distances, and because of their cumulative size, groups are also intimidating to bears.
• Make yourselves look as large as possible (for example, move to higher ground).
• Do NOT allow the bear access to your food. Getting your food will only encourage the bear and make the problem worse for others.
• Do NOT drop your pack as it can provide protection for your back and prevent a bear from accessing your food.
• If the bear is stationary, move away slowly and sideways; this allows you to keep an eye on the bear and avoid tripping. Moving sideways is also non-threatening to bears.
• Do NOT run, but if the bear follows, stop and hold your ground. Bears can run as fast as a racehorse both uphill and down. Like dogs, they will chase fleeing animals.
• Do NOT climb a tree. Both grizzlies and black bears can climb trees.
• Leave the area or take a detour. If this is impossible, wait until the bear moves away. Always leave the bear an escape route.
• Be especially cautious if you see a female with cubs; never place yourself between a mother and her cub, and never attempt to approach them. The chances of an attack escalate greatly if she perceives you as a danger to her cubs.

• Brown/Grizzly Bears: If you are attacked by a brown/grizzly bear, leave your pack on and PLAY DEAD. Lay flat on your stomach with your hands clasped behind your neck. Spread your legs to make it harder for the bear to turn you over. Remain still until the bear leaves the area. Fighting back usually increases the intensity of such attacks. However, if the attack persists, fight back vigorously. Use whatever you have at hand to hit the bear in the face.
• Black Bears: If you are attacked by a black bear, DO NOT PLAY DEAD. Try to escape to a secure place such as a car or building. If escape is not possible, try to fight back using any object available. Concentrate your kicks and blows on the bear's face and muzzle.

• Stay calm. Hold your ground or back away slowly. Face the lion and stand upright.
• Do not approach a lion. Never approach a mountain lion, especially one that is feeding or with kittens. Most mountain lions will try to avoid a confrontation. Give them a way to escape.
• Do not run from a lion. Running may stimulate a mountain lion's instinct to chase. Instead, stand and face the animal. Make eye contact. If you have small children with you, pick them up, if possible, so they don't panic and run. Although it may be awkward, pick them up without bending over or turning away from the mountain lion.
• Do not crouch down or bend over. Biologists surmise mountain lions don't recognize standing humans as prey. On the other hand, a person squatting or bending over looks a lot like a four-legged prey animal. If you're in mountain lion habitat, avoid squatting, crouching, or bending over, even when picking up children.                 Do all you can to appear intimidating.
  • Attempt to appear larger by raising your arms and opening your jacket if you are wearing one. Wave your arms slowly and speak firmly in a loud voice."

• Reddened skin that may be followed by a blister that forms at the bite site.
• Mild to intense pain and itching for 2 to 8 hours following the bite.
• An open sore (ulcer) with a breakdown of tissue (necrosis) that develops a week or more following the bite. This may take months to heal."

• If there is no shelter nearby, go to a low-lying area such as a ditch or ravine and lie flat. Protect your head and neck with an object or with your arms. Avoid areas with many trees."

1. Stay calm. Make sure the wolf knows you are there. ...
2. If the wolf approaches or acts aggressively, wave your arms, yell and make yourself look larger. ...
3. In the incredibly rare event that you are attacked by a wolf, fight back

1. Size up the scene
2. Identify life threats
3. Do a focused exam: head-to-toe check, vital signs and patient history
4. Make a problem list and care plan, which includes an evacuation decision
5. Treat the patient, providing both medical and emotional support
6. Monitor how the patient is doing"

• Hand-picked free campsites 
• Pre-saved to your phone
• The best in all 50 states

1. Push things over.
2. Collect bugs."

• Don’t feed the animals. Any animals. It’s not great for them, and it can be potentially dangerous for you. From a slight nip to an all-out attack, giving food to wild animals can set you up for an injury or worse.
• Don’t try to pet the animals. That beautiful baby moose walking across the road probably has a mama moose nearby who’ll attack. Don’t even go near any cute and cuddly animals. Avoid touching any wildlife you see. It’s not safe for you or them.
• Don’t get too close. Believe it or not, you’re in their territory. Most wild animals don’t love it when you invade their space.
• Don’t provoke, sneak up on, or scare animals. Wild animals are unpredictable and that innocent-looking deer will protect itself at all costs. Trying to provoke them is a recipe for disaster.
• Don’t wander off the trail after dark.
• Don’t surprise a mother who’s with her babies.
• Do make noise. It’ll let animals know you’re nearby so you don’t startle them.
• Do watch for animal tracks and poop. They can let you know what might be around.
• Do carry bear spray if you’re in an area known to have bear.
• Do tell a park ranger if you have an encounter with a wild animal or have a close call or sighting.

• Snake: back away. The most common snakes in Utah are rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths. Give it as much space as possible. Be calm and quiet and move away from the area where the snake is located. If you’re bit, seek medical attention as quickly as possible. You can avoid snakes by checking logs and rocks before you sit down. Don’t stick your hands inside logs or large piles of rocks. When you step over a log, do so carefully.
• Moose: give it space. Unless it has a baby nearby, it’ll likely leave you alone. Moose will usually give you warning signs before charging like urinating, tossing its head, or smacking its lips. When a moose charges, run. Try to put a tree between yourself and the moose as that will deter it. If you get knocked down, get up and run again. A moose’s hooves are much more dangerous than their antlers.
• Deer or elk: give it space. Much like a moose, deer and elk would rather run away than deal with humans. They’ll only charge if provoked. Run away or climb a tree. If a deer is attacking you and you can’t run away, play dead. If you get knocked down by an elk, get up and keep running.
• Bear: back away slowly if it hasn’t seen you. If it has, talk to it in quiet tones. If it charges, use bear spray and stand your ground. Act like the predator and not the prey. Often, a bear charge will be a bluff. If the bear makes contact with you, drop to the ground and play dead by covering the back of your neck with your hands and your face with your elbows. Play dead longer than you think, as a bear will try to sniff you. Getting up too early will catch the bear’s interest again. In the rare case a bear starts biting you, fight back with all you have.
• Mountain lion: stand tall and make loud noises while backing away slowly. Again, you don’t want to give the lion any reason to think you’re prey. You must act the part of a predator. Don’t turn your back, run way, or crouch down to pick anything up in front of a mountain lion. If a mountain lion attacks, fight back and protect your head and neck.

1. To catch them, first find their dens. They’ll be low to the ground, burrowed under overhanging rocks or logs.
2. Dig a hole right in front of the burrow, large enough to accommodate an open-mouthed jar, water bottle with the top cut off, or cup.
3. When the scorpion emerges at night, it will fall into the jar and be unable to climb out.
4. Kill it with a stick or a knife while it’s still in the jar.
5. Cut off the stinger.

1. Roast over a fire or coals until it’s well browned".

• Stay calm. Hold your ground or back away slowly. Face the lion and stand upright.
• Do not approach a lion. Never approach a mountain lion, especially one that is feeding or with kittens. Most mountain lions will try to avoid a confrontation. Give them a way to escape.
• Do not run from a lion. Running may stimulate a mountain lion's instinct to chase. Instead, stand and face the animal. Make eye contact. If you have small children with you, pick them up, if possible, so they don't panic and run. Although it may be awkward, pick them up without bending over or turning away from the mountain lion.
• Do not crouch down or bend over. Biologists surmise mountain lions don't recognize standing humans as prey. On the other hand, a person squatting or bending over looks a lot like a four-legged prey animal. If you're in mountain lion habitat, avoid squatting, crouching, or bending over, even when picking up children."

1. Dig a hole in the ground that conforms to the size of the nuisance animal, making it deep enough so the animal theoretically can’t climb out.
2. Cover the hole with brush to disguise it.
3. Place the appropriate bait for the animal on top of the brush.
4. Wait for the animal to take the bait and fall into the hole.
5. Remove the captured critter from the hole.

1. "Locate a clear view of the sun with few obstructions. Areas with tons of trees or buildings can obscure your view of the horizon. Without being able to see the horizon, you cannot get an accurate measurement. If you can find a field with no tall objects nearby, you will get a more accurate reading.^[1]
   • This technique will tell you approximately how much daylight is remaining. Use this method on sunny days, with minimal or no clouds in the sky. If you cannot see the sun at all, you cannot track its position.
   • Being aware of the approximate time of day might be helpful if you’re trying to estimate the time.

1. Line up your hand with the horizon. Hold up your arm with your wrist bent so that your hand is horizontal and your palm is facing towards you. Line up the top edge of your index finger with the bottom of the sun. Your bottom (pinky) finger should be between the ground and sky, but if your bottom finger is below the horizon, then the sun will set within the next hour. Hold your hand in this position.^[2]
   • Either hand can work, but you may feel most comfortable starting with your dominant hand.
   • Keep your thumb out of the way. Because thumbs are thicker and angled away from your fingers, they will ruin your timing.
2. Warning: Do not look directly at the sun as this can cause serious eye damage! Look just below the sun as you position your first hand.

1. Stack one hand below the other towards the horizon. If you still have space between your hand and the sun, stack your other hand under the first one. Press the index finger of your other hand against the pinky finger on your first hand. ^[3]
   • Continue stacking one hand under the other until you reach the horizon.

1. Count the number of hands it takes to get to the horizon. Keep track of how many hands it takes to go from the bottom of the sun to the horizon. The number of hands it takes is the number of daylight hours remaining, or the hours left until sunset.^[4]
   • For example, if you count 5 hands, then there are 5 hours remaining in the day or 5 hours until sunset.

1. Total your finger counts for a more accurate estimate. Once you've reached the horizon, you can also count how many fingers could fit in the space between the sun and horizon if you can’t fit a whole hand there. This is also helpful if you cannot fit your whole hand between the sin and the horizon. In this case, you will only need to count the fingers between the sun and horizon instead. Each finger that will fit in this space represents 15 extra minutes before sunset. Multiply the number of fingers by 15 and add this to the number of hands you counted.^[5]
   • For example, if you counted 4 hands and 2 fingers, then you have approximately 4.5 hours left until sunset.
   • Keep in mind that this will still only give you a rough estimate of the remaining time in a day."

• Remain calm and do not panic. Stay at least 5 feet from the snake. Make sure to give it plenty of space.
• Do not try to kill the snake. Doing so is illegal and greatly increases the chance the snake will bite you.
• Do not throw anything at the snake, like rocks or sticks. Rattlesnakes may respond to this by moving toward the person doing the throwing, rather than away from them.
• Alert other people to the snake's location. Advise them to use caution and to respect the snake. Keep children and pets away from the area.
• Keep your dog on a leash when hiking or camping. Allowing your dog to roam around increases the chance the dog will find a snake and get bitten.
• If you hear a rattle, don't jump or panic. Try to locate where the sound is coming from before you react, so you don't step closer to the snake or on top of it.

• Reduce the number of places that provide snakes with shelter. Brush, wood, rock and junk piles are all things you should eliminate from your yard.
• Control rodent populations. Bird feeders and water are two of the main items that draw rodents to yards, which in turn can attract snakes.
• Avoid scaring away harmless snake species, such as gophersnakes. Having other snake species on or near your yard may deter rattlesnakes.

• Morse code for the letter A is • ─
• Morse code for the letter B is ─ • • •

• To symbolize dots, turn your light on for 1 second.
• To symbolize dashes, turn your light on for 3 seconds.

1. The time gap between dots and dashes is 1 unit of time—or the same length as one dot.
2. The time gap between full letters is 3 units of time—or the same length as one dash.
3. The pause between complete words is 7 units of time.

1. The time gap between dots and dashes is 1 second with the light off.
2. The time gap between full letters is 3 seconds with the light off.
3. The pause between complete words is 7 seconds with the light off.

Zombies at the tower
─ ─..  ─ ─ ─   ─ ─  ─…  ..  .  … / . ─  ─ / ─  ….  . / ─  ─ ─ ─  .─ ─  .  .─.

1. Get medical help immediately. Call your doctor, hospital, or poison control center.
2. Remain calm. ...
3. Apply ice to the bite area.
4. Do not apply a tourniquet. ...
5. Try to positively identify the spider or catch it to confirm its type.

• 
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  Best BBQ in Houston
  
  
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  The Big Texas Guide to Cooking Steakhouse Quality Steak"

1. Grasshoppers and Crickets
2. Ants
3. Termites
4. Grubs
5. Woodlice
6. Earthworms
7. Stinkbugs
8. Scorpions
9. Earwigs
10. Aphids
11. Maggots
12. Dragonflies
13. Edible Bugs You Probably Want to Avoid Eating

• Citronella
• Clove
• Cedarwood
•  Lavender
• Eucalyptus
• Peppermint
• Rosemary
• Lemongrass
• Geraniol

• Empty water that has collected in children’s toys, garden pots, buckets, trash can lids, wheelbarrows, or other items lying around that could collect water.
• Inspect gutters for clogs and clean them regularly to prevent water collection.
• If you have a birdbath, change the water regularly.
• Walk your property and address any low spots in the lawn that collect water or areas that have poor drainage.

• Citronella (and other scented geraniums)
• Lemongrass
• Rosemary
• Catnip
• Bee balm
• Ageratum
• Peppermint
• Basil
• Sage

• Identify yourself by talking calmly so the bear knows you are a human and not a prey animal. Remain still; stand your ground but slowly wave your arms. Help the bear recognize you as a human. It may come closer or stand on its hind legs to get a better look or smell. A standing bear is usually curious, not threatening.
• Stay calm and remember that most bears do not want to attack you; they usually just want to be left alone. Bears may bluff their way out of an encounter by charging and then turning away at the last second. Bears may also react defensively by woofing, yawning, salivating, growling, snapping their jaws, and laying their ears back. Continue to talk to the bear in low tones; this will help you stay calmer, and it won't be threatening to the bear. A scream or sudden movement may trigger an attack. Never imitate bear sounds or make a high-pitched squeal.
• Pick up small children immediately. Do not make any loud noises or screams—the bear may think it’s the sound of a prey animal. Slowly wave your arms above your head and tell the bear to back off. Do NOT run or make any sudden movements. Do not make any loud noises or screams—the bear may think it’s the sound of a prey animal.
• Hike and travel in groups. Groups of people are usually noisier and smellier than a single person. Therefore, bears often become aware of groups of people at greater distances, and because of their cumulative size, groups are also intimidating to bears.
• Make yourselves look as large as possible (for example, move to higher ground).
• Do NOT allow the bear access to your food. Getting your food will only encourage the bear and make the problem worse for others.
• Do NOT drop your pack as it can provide protection for your back and prevent a bear from accessing your food.
• If the bear is stationary, move away slowly and sideways; this allows you to keep an eye on the bear and avoid tripping. Moving sideways is also non-threatening to bears.
• Do NOT run, but if the bear follows, stop and hold your ground. Bears can run as fast as a racehorse both uphill and down. Like dogs, they will chase fleeing animals.
• Do NOT climb a tree. Both grizzlies and black bears can climb trees.
• Leave the area or take a detour. If this is impossible, wait until the bear moves away. Always leave the bear an escape route.
• Be especially cautious if you see a female with cubs; never place yourself between a mother and her cub, and never attempt to approach them. The chances of an attack escalate greatly if she perceives you as a danger to her cubs.

• Brown/Grizzly Bears: If you are attacked by a brown/grizzly bear, leave your pack on and PLAY DEAD. Lay flat on your stomach with your hands clasped behind your neck. Spread your legs to make it harder for the bear to turn you over. Remain still until the bear leaves the area. Fighting back usually increases the intensity of such attacks. However, if the attack persists, fight back vigorously. Use whatever you have at hand to hit the bear in the face.
• Black Bears: If you are attacked by a black bear, DO NOT PLAY DEAD. Try to escape to a secure place such as a car or building. If escape is not possible, try to fight back using any object available. Concentrate your kicks and blows on the bear's face and muzzle.

• Leave the snake alone.
• Identify it by species.
• Continue to leave it alone so long as it is not venomous and not inside a house or building."

• washing the affected area with soap and water
• placing a cold compress (a flannel or cloth soaked in cold water) over the area to reduce swelling

1. Time: It’s a long way to the doctor’s office and wilderness search and rescue personnel simply can’t respond as quickly as when we dial 9-1-1 in the city. In the backcountry it could be hours or days until your patient gets professional care, so you need to be ready to render emergency aid and to care for that person for an extended period of time.
2. Environment: You may face extremes of weather and different types of physical hazards than you would encounter in the city.
3. Resources: When you’re administering aid in the backcountry, you’re limited to what’s in your pack and what you can use from your surrounding environment. A good wilderness medicine class should cover what to carry in your first-aid kit.
4. Communication: Even with expanding cellphone coverage, your ability to call for help from the backcountry is limited; that means your providing care might be the patient’s only option."

• Numbness all over your body.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Thick tongue, excessive salivating and drooling.
• Slurred speech.
• Restlessness.
• Seizures.
• Roving eye movements.
• Muscle twitching (myoclonus).
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
• High blood pressure (hypertension).
• Abdominal pain.

• Clean the site of the sting with soap and water.
• Apply ice or a cold compress to the area.
• Elevate the area so it’s at the same level as your heart.
• Use an antihistamine or corticosteroid on the affected area.
• Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to reduce the pain.

• Wear protective footwear when you’re in an area where scorpions live.
• Use caution when moving logs, lifting rocks or collecting firewood.
• Don’t handle scorpions with your bare hands.
• While camping, avoid sleeping directly on the ground.
• Carry an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen®) if you know you have an allergy.

• Minimal to sharp pain followed by swelling and redness at the site of the bite.
• One or two small fang marks like tiny red spots.

• Muscle cramps and spasms that start near the bite and then spread and increase in severity for 6 to 12 hours.
• Seizures.
• Chills, fever, nausea, or vomiting.
• Sweating.
• Severe belly, back, or chest pain.
• Headache.
• Stupor, restlessness, or shock.
• Severe high blood pressure.

• Get medical help immediately.
  Call your doctor, hospital, or poison control center.
• Remain calm.
  Too much excitement or movement will increase the flow of venom into the blood.
• Apply ice to the bite area.
• Do not apply a tourniquet.
  It may cause more harm than benefit.
• Try to positively identify the spider or catch it to confirm its type.

• Medicine for pain and spasms. Pain and spasms may be severe enough to require benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam (Ativan) or diazepam (Valium), or opioids, such as morphine or fentanyl. Calcium may also be used.
• Antihypertension medicines for high blood pressure.

• If the weather forecast calls for thunderstorms, postpone your trip or activity.
• Remember: When thunder roars, go indoors. Find a safe, enclosed shelter. Safe shelters include homes, offices, shopping centers, and hard-top vehicles with the windows rolled up.
• If you are caught in an open area, act quickly to find adequate shelter. The most important action is to remove yourself from danger. Crouching or getting low to the ground can reduce your chances of being struck but does not remove you from danger. If you are caught outside with no safe shelter nearby, the following actions may reduce your risk:
  • Immediately get off elevated areas such as hills, mountain ridges, or peaks.
  • Never lie flat on the ground. Crouch down in a ball-like position with your head tucked and hands over your ears so that you are down low with minimal contact with the ground.
  • Never shelter under an isolated tree.
  • Never use a cliff or rocky overhang for shelter.
  • Immediately get out of and away from ponds, lakes, and other bodies of water.
  • Stay away from objects that conduct electricity (such as barbed wire fences, power lines, or windmills).
• If you are in a group during a thunderstorm, separate from each other. This will reduce the number of injuries if lightning strikes the ground.
• If you are out in the open water and a storm rolls in, return to shore immediately.
• Avoid open vehicles such as convertibles, motorcycles, and golf carts.
• Avoid open structures such as porches, gazebos, baseball dugouts, and sports arenas. These structures won’t protect you from lightning.
• Stay away from open spaces such as golf courses, parks, playgrounds, ponds, lakes, swimming pools, and beaches. Seek shelter immediately.
• Stay away from tall structures, such as telephone poles and trees; lightning tends to strike the tallest object around.

• Avoid contact with water during a thunderstorm. Do NOT bathe, shower, wash dishes, or have any other contact with water during a thunderstorm. Lightning can travel through plumbing.
• Avoid using electronic equipment of all types. Do NOT use anything connected to an electrical outlet, such as computers, laptops, game systems, washers, dryers, or stoves. Lightning can travel through electrical systems and radio and television reception systems.
• Avoid using corded phones. Corded phones are NOT safe to use during a thunderstorm. However, cordless or cellular phones are safe to use during a storm.
• Do NOT lie on concrete floors or lean on concrete walls during a thunderstorm. Lightning can travel through any metal wires or bars in concrete walls or flooring.

• Do not walk, swim, or drive through flood waters. Turn Around, Don’t Drown!
  • Just six inches of moving water can knock you down, and one foot of moving water can sweep your vehicle away.
• Stay off of bridges over fast-moving water.
• Determine how best to protect yourself based on the type of flooding.
  • Evacuate if told to do so.
  • Move to higher ground or a higher floor.
  • Stay where you are.

• Cutaway clothing if it cannot be removed without moving the injured body part.
• Stop any bleeding by applying gentle pressure. Cover open wounds with a clean dressing before splinting.
• Pad the injured joint with jackets, sleeping bags or clothing.
• Include the joint above and below the injury in the splint.
• Make a splint with two straight objects, ski or hiking poles, tree branches, canoe paddle, etc., and position them around the fracture.
• Tighten the splint using a belt or ropes or whatever is available.
• Keep the injured limb tied tightly to begin the long, slow hike out.
• Check the splint ties frequently to be sure they do not hinder circulation.''

1. Size up the scene
2. Identify life threats
3. Do a focused exam: head-to-toe check, vital signs and patient history
4. Make a problem list and care plan, which includes an evacuation decision
5. Treat the patient, providing both medical and emotional support
6. Monitor how the patient is doing

• One puff -- Sending a single plume of smoke would commonly be an attention signal. This meant that something unusual was going on, but there's no cause for alarm or imminent danger. It was commonly a sign to watch for further signals.
• Two puffs -- A two puff signal meant that all was well and that camp was established and safe. It indicated that they would stay at their current location until further notice. If the camp was more permanent, a continual two puff message was sent to let neighboring bands know that permanent camp was near and safe. It was an important message, as Native American tribes often moved camp according to the seasons, the availability of resources and for safety.
• Three puffs -- This was an alarm signal, just as it is with Boy Scouts today. Indians warned of approaching enemies or marked the beginning of a battle with this signal. Continuous single columns of smoke indicated greater danger and a call for help.

• One puff -- Sending a single plume of smoke would commonly be an attention signal. This meant that something unusual was going on, but there's no cause for alarm or imminent danger. It was commonly a sign to watch for further signals.
• Two puffs -- A two puff signal meant that all was well and that camp was established and safe. It indicated that they would stay at their current location until further notice. If the camp was more permanent, a continual two puff message was sent to let neighboring bands know that permanent camp was near and safe. It was an important message, as Native American tribes often moved camp according to the seasons, the availability of resources and for safety.
• Three puffs -- This was an alarm signal, just as it is with Boy Scouts today. Indians warned of approaching enemies or marked the beginning of a battle with this signal. Continuous single columns of smoke indicated greater danger and a call for help.

1. Control the bleeding: Apply direct pressure or use a pressure dressing to stop bleeding.
2. Clean the wound: Scrub and irrigate the wound to remove contaminants that could possibly cause infection.
3. Dress and bandage the wound: Use sterile gauze and a bandage to cover the wound.
4. Monitor the wound for infection: Even a minor cut can become infected so you need to keep an eye out and respond quickly if you see redness, pus or swelling at the site of the injury."

• Immediately get off elevated areas such as hills, mountain ridges, or peaks.
• Never lie flat on the ground. Crouch down in a ball-like position with your head tucked and hands over your ears so that you are down low with minimal contact with the ground.
• Never shelter under an isolated tree.
• Never use a cliff or rocky overhang for shelter.
• Immediately get out of and away from ponds, lakes, and other bodies of water.
• Stay away from objects that conduct electricity (such as barbed wire fences, power lines, or windmills)."

1. Erratic animal behaviours such as scared or confused pets or birdcalls not usually heard during the night.
2. Sudden water level changes in wells or artesian bores.

1. Stay calm. Hold your ground or back away slowly. ...
2. Do not approach a lion. Never approach a mountain lion, especially one that is feeding or with kittens. ...
3. Do not run from a lion. Running may stimulate a mountain lion's instinct to chase. ...
4. Do not crouch down or bend over."

• Cutaway clothing if it cannot be removed without moving the injured body part.
• Stop any bleeding by applying gentle pressure. Cover open wounds with a clean dressing before splinting.
• Pad the injured joint with jackets, sleeping bags or clothing.
• Include the joint above and below the injury in the splint.
• Make a splint with two straight objects, ski or hiking poles, tree branches, canoe paddle, etc., and position them around the fracture.
• Tighten the splint using a belt or ropes or whatever is available.
• Keep the injured limb tied tightly to begin the long, slow hike out.
• Check the splint ties frequently to be sure they do not hinder circulation."

1. If you're at an elevation below 6,500 feet, put the water in a container over a heat source, such as a campfire or propane stove, and bring to a rolling boil for 1 minute.
2. If you're at an elevation over 6,500 feet, bring the water to a rolling boil for 3 minutes."

Finding Exceptional Wood for A Survival Bow

The first piece of this puzzle to consider is the bow. The bow is a stick with a string tied between both ends, which propels the arrow to its target. Each limb (the section of the bow from the tip to the handle) must bend equally and gradually over its length. Also, the material must be flexible with the ability to snap back into position quickly. In the field, where you may or may not know the identity of the trees around you, you can do a simple test to determine whether the wood is suitable for a bow. Take a branch that’s the size of your pinky. Bend it slightly and let it snap back. Does it respond quickly, or does it sluggishly move back to straight? Now, bend the stick into a c-shape. Does it snap, or is it strong enough to stay intact? Next, break the twig. If it snaps in two, it is of poor quality. If it instead kinks, forming a fibrous fracture that refuses to break all the way through, it is suitable for a bow.

Find a sapling of this type of tree, about a half inch at the small end. This is your bow stave (the piece of wood you make a bow from). It should also have a gradual taper from one end to the other. An absence of knots and branches is also a plus. Because one end is bigger than the other, the stave must now be modified so that both limbs bend equally.

Find the middle of the stave and mark where you want your handle. On either side of the handle, whittle away wood from the belly of the bow (the side that will face you), tapering it gradually. Keep from cutting into the back of the bow (the side that will face away from you); preserving this unbroken layer of wood will help keep the wood from splintering when put under tension. Place one of the bow’s tips on the ground and push into the handle with one hand while holding the other tip in you other hand. This will show you how well the limb touching the ground bends. Flip it over and test the other limb. You want them both to bend equally. At the tip of each limb, cut two knocks on either side. These are the notches that will keep the string from sliding of the tips.They are cut in at a 45-degree angle, pointing toward the handle and deep enough to accept the bow string.

Creating the Bow Cord

Next, fashion a cord made of strong material. Any synthetic cordage with a small diameter will work. The less stretchy, the better, because this will help transfer the snap of the bow to the arrow more effectively. If you are without synthetic cordage, a cord can be made from natural materials such as dogbane, milkweed, yucca or nettle. When the bow is strung, the cord should stand off the bow by about 5 inches. This is the brace height, and also helps with the snap of the bow.

Making Your Arrows

Arrows are the last and most important part of this weapon. Survival arrows can be made out of many materials. Straight shoots from trees such as maple, willow or dogwood all work well. They should be as straight as possible, clear of branches and knots, and taper gradually end-to-end. The small end, which will be notched for the string, should be large enough for this knock without compromising the strength of the wood to either side. The bark is scraped from the shoot with a knife or stone, and then the shaft is held over a fire to straighten.

To straighten, heat up a crooked spot, and then bend it backwards, slightly past straight. Upon cooling, this spot will set up where it’s been bent to. Look down the length of the arrow periodically to check on its straightness. The large end of the arrow can simply be sharpened to a point, or notched to accept a point of bone, stone, or steel.

The small end is notched to form the knock, which should fit snugly to the string. Lastly, the arrow should be fletched (adding feathers or other materials to the arrow shaft) in order to stabilize the arrow in flight. Fletchings can range from a bundle of pine needles lashed to the end of the arrow nearest the string, to a couple of feathers with their quill tips tied to the shaft. Another method is to spit the knock end of the shaft, insert a feather, and wrap either end of the split to keep the feather in place. A wrap should be tied behind the point and before the knock to keep the shaft from spitting from the various forces applied. Sinew, plant fiber, rawhide or synthetic threads all make great wrapping cordages.

You now have a quickie survival bow and arrow. Use your pointer finger—on the hand that holds the bow—as your arrow rest, and hold your bow at a 45-degree angle to your body to keep the arrow in place. With a bow made of green wood and a quickly fletched arrow, you must get closer to your prey to make sure of a kill. As the bow dries, it will increase in snap, but never will be as fast shooting as a well-designed bow of seasoned wood. Nonetheless, you now have an advantage over using rocks or sticks to take down game, and this hastily made tool will buy you time as you prepare to make finer and more effective weapons."

Things You Need: Hands, a stick if you want to make things easier on yourself

Method: 

1. Just scan the ground, and you’re sure to eventually find a skittering battalion of ants. They march in straight lines, so they’ll lead you straight to their home base.

2. One good way to collect them is to hit an anthill or other habitat (like a rotting log) with a stick a of couple times, then put the end of the stick in the opening.

3. As ants rush to bite the stick, dunk it into a container of water—ideally the container you want to cook them in. Repeat until you have a few hundred.

How to Eat them

1. Capture as many as you can, putting them straight into the water so that they drown while you catch more. Once you’ve caught a sizeable portion, boil them for about six minutes. This will neutralize the acid in their bodies. If you have to eat them raw, just make sure they’re dead first so they don’t bite you"

Also called “sow bug”, “potato bug”, or “pill bug,” the wood louse is actually not a bug at all. Andy Reago / Flickr

How to Catch Them

When and Where: They are extremely easy to collect. Overturn rocks and logs or sift through dead leaves, and you’re sure to find some.

What You Need: Hands, something to collect them in

Method: 

1. Push things over.

2. Collect bugs.

How to Eat Them

1. Drop them in boiling water, and leave them there for a while. They can carry nematodes (better known as parasitic roundworms—things you don’t want freeloading in your intestines), so be sure they’re thoroughly cooked.

2. When they’re done, strain the water out and eat.

2.Get the big stick

3.Take all the leaves off of the plant so its just the stem

4.Rest the bottle on the side of the stick then use the plant stem to securing the bottle to side of it.

5.Lay the stick in the right postition so the bottle faces the sky and will catch rain

6.i recommend to have two setups just in case one fallls

2. Collect acorns from ground and tree

3. Put in storage unit

-Talk to the different groups about it

-try to convince them to combine resources

-create rules for sharing resources

-gather it all

-ask/convince shelter to create food pantry

-put all of the resources into the pantry

1. Check how much water we have

2. Count people in your tribe

3. Make rough estimation on how much water we have

4. Split equally

Find land for a shelter (ADDIE)

Collect sticks for building (EMERY)

Build shelter (ADDIE)

Collect grass and leaves (EMERY)

Add grass and leaves to the inside of the shelter (ADDIE)

Repeat with other shelters (EMERY)

2.find a tree

3.place the sticks

4.make a roof

5.insulate it

6.see if people fit

7.make it comfy

1) make sure everybody knows what is happening

2) make it an official rule

3) tell everybody the rules of this rule - You start making a more noticeable area of yours so that people know that it's yours. Don't have anything super wanted at the moment out of some sort of area. if something is stolen the thief will be punished

4) put the punishment into action - you lose your rations for a day and no shelter for 2 nights.

2.find a good tree to start building a shelter

3.put the sticks on the tree

4.make a roof with the sticks

5.make it insulated and sturdy

6.see if the people will fit inside it

7.make it semi-comfortable

• Explore more parts to find food Ex: acorns, plants, mushrooms, and bugs

• Tell others to gather food

• Take food to storage

• Add to map where the new sources are

2. find emptied water bottles

3. patch up water bottles so none is lost

4. after water is collected, find something to close it with

5. put altogether and mark where it is so you don't lose them

1. Find potential spots covered by trees and hidden

2. Search the spots for things that could steal the food

3. Pick the best 2 areas

4. dig holes to put the food in

5. Line the inside of hole with rocks

6. Find big rocks to seal the holes

7. Mark it on the map

8. Put in food

9. Guard the hole

1. Get collected water

2. Find a way to boil water (to purify it)

3. Have fresh water to drink

1. Tell people not to eat each other

2. Help people find food so they don't want to eat each other

1. Find sticks

2. Add the sticks to the top of the walls to make the base of the roof

3. Find grass

4. Add the grass on top of the sticks

5. Find leaves

6. Add them on top of the grass

7. Make sure it sturdy

8. And make sure it covers the whole space and is the right length

First, Take a clear plastic bag, and tie it tightly to the tree.

Next, wait four to six hours.

Then, pour the water from the bag into a cup or other items that hold water.

Finally, drink and enjoy!

(Note: The branch you pick should be green and leafy.)

1 Don't be pushy

2 Get to the point

3 Maintain a sincere tone

2.ask what their doing

3.if their doing nothing then ask what group their in

4.talk to their group to see what they could do

5.then give them the job.

1. contain flat rocks-Landon

2. build fire place with structural integrity, it needs to have a round shape that is at least 2 feet tall-Ayden and Landon

3. collect dry kindling and bark-Landon

4. put kindling and bark in the built fireplace-Ayden

How to start a fire

1. gather some flint and some flat rocks-Landon

2. hit (at a angle) them together on and at the fire_ayden

3. when you see a spark,direct on or more to the dry plants in the fireplace-Ayden

4. when you see smoke, drop the rocks and steadily blow on the spark until the fire/smoke/heat grows. -Landon

5. you have successfully made and started a fire-both

6. If you want to keep the fire going, you want to add kindling every 6-8 minuets-Ayden

First, put water in a heat resistant container.

Next, bring water to a full rolling boil.

Then, let it sit like this for one minute.

Finally, drink and enjoy!

When you are in the woods insulation helps. Insulation helps with keeping the inside of the shelter warm and it also helps keep the shelter dry so that if it rains, most of your stuff will stay dry and you will stay dry. If you don't have good insulator, then your shelter will not be protected from the rain and it will get really cold and hard to live in. Without insulation life in the woods would be really hard.

2: go get food from food storage

3: put food in container

4: get some water

5: put water in container

6: cook food safely

7: serve food

8: eat food

9: not starve

😁

Weeping willows,

Bald cypresses,

Ash trees,

White cedars,

Oriental arborvitaes,

Black gum trees.

Other trees to mention that work well too are- Freeman's maples, water tupelos, and magnolias.

With this information i can find an oak tree and look in the leaves to find if it is producing acorns then label it food source on the map.

2) don't be super pushy kinda show the idea instead of pushing it into their faces

3) use positive hand motions to get them more engaged

4) get to the point don't just wander around the point

5) keep a sincere tone

6)ask very engaging questions or detailed questions

one way to cook is cooking over a open fire with a stick.

small animals and bug can be skewerd and cooked easily.

fish and snakes are great to cook with this method.

1. Filter required amount

2. add drops/tablets

3. shake/stir water for 10-20 seconds

4. Let water rest for 20 minutes

Also tie the rope around a rock to keep the rope up.

*this helps us not look for these types of bugs.

you can cook on a leaf.

fast cooking cuts of meat do well when wrapped in leaves and allowed to cook. You can use any leaf you want as long as it is from a tree or plant that is not toxic.

Use a big leaf

In spring wild garlic and ramps can be found, which belong to the mint family and can even be eaten raw. In the summer prickly pear, Texas prairie parsley, yaupon holly berries, and more! There is an abundance to choose from! Going foraging in Texas uncovers a lot of mushrooms, including chanterelles, morels, porcinis, and oyster mushrooms. These mushrooms can all be found in wooded areas or near streams.

1. Be guided by values.

2. Tweak the rules to suit you.

3. Simplify.

4. Conclusion.

Brooklyn and Charlotte

Rabbits can be killed by many methods, here are two. The main way to kill a rabbit is dislocation of their neck. The bunny is held by the back legs and head, it is stretched out. Then with a hard, sharp pull, the head is broken. The rabbit can also be hit with a hard, swift blow to the skull behind their ears. A stick or side your hand is used to immobilize the rabbit. Both methods make the rabbit Dead.

Dandelions and clovers are examples of edible flowers and weeds.

In the forest there are lots of cacti and we may be able to find prickly pears. There are also dandelions and other plants that we can eat to survive.

I feel this is important because we may find some of these plants. And, if we do we can label it on the map for the gatherers.

make a square made of logs and put dry leaves or grass to insulate the ground.

make sticks meet at the top so it makes an A shape and put them all around the frame.

Add thick debris all over the outside of the shelter \.

Put piles off dry leaves , sticks, and dry grass and make it 4-5in long.

To find food in the wild, you can search under rocks for insects.

You also have to harvest your food sources responsibly so you dont run out in the winter.

Materials for building a shelter:

1. sticks

2. mud (insulation)

3. debris

4. soil

sourced from: https://www.filson.com/blog/how-to/build-wilderness-survival-shelter/