Founded by Sundiata Keita in 1230, he ruled the Empire until 1255. The Empire Controlled the trans-Saharan trade, obligated soldiers to become farmers, mostly focused on agriculture, and developed the most prosperous farming regions in W. Africa. It is a big trading and financial center.

Led by Mansa Musa from 1312-1332, the empire was the most famous because it established large empires in the world and was famous in the Muslim world.

Led by Askia Muhammed from 1443 to 1538, it was based more on commerce and military. The Songhai Empire's economic strength derived from its control of trade routes, while its military prowess enabled it to protect these routes and expand its influence across West Africa.

Reigning from around 1062 to 1076 CE. Tunka Menin is remembered for his efforts to defend the empire against external threats, grant Muslims political power; Treat Muslims justly and allow them to practice Islam, establish peace, and increase trade with Muslims in the north, Tunka Menin's reign marked the final chapter of the Ghana Empire before its decline and eventual collapse.

One thing we should always remember about Africa from 1581 to 1663, is the history of the powerful Queen Nzinga. She fought against European enslavement and conquest, she resisted Portuguese invasion and enslavers for 30 years. Such a power.