https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier By Hannah Corrigan and Olive Twum-Danso en-us 2018-10-29 15:31:55 UTC 2025-11-24 14:26:14 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Balance.png otwumdanso19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298108550 by Lyndon B Johnson
March 15, 1965]]> 2018-10-29 16:09:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298108550 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298337286 by Martin Luther King Jr.
August 28, 1963 in Washington, D.C ]]> 2018-10-30 02:52:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298337286 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298337838 December 5th 1955 -December 20th 1956]]> 2018-10-30 02:55:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298337838 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298347187 April 12-May 2, 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama]]> 2018-10-30 04:01:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298347187 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298347399 May 17, 1954 in the Supreme Court]]> 2018-10-30 04:03:18 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298347399 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298347648 May 4th 1961 started in Washington, D.C. to end up in New Orleans, Louisiana ]]> 2018-10-30 04:05:35 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298347648 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298348144 July 2, 1964 it passed at the White House ]]> 2018-10-30 04:09:20 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298348144 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298532768 <sub>President Johnson gave a nationally televised address to a joint session of Congress to persuade Congress to pass his Voting Rights Act and to the people of the United States and African Americans for them to know he is fighting for the rights of African Americans and to let the people to eliminate the hate and discrimination they’re giving to African Americans.

 The SCLC was focused mainly on the voting rights for African Americans. A group of 600 African Americans began a 54 mile march to Selma where they were blocked by police and fought through tear gas, police attacks with clubs, and electric cattle prods. This violence towards them was nationally televised. King led a new march, a controversial decision, to Montgomery where they were promised protection. A week after the deadly violence in Selma, Alabama President Johnson gave a nationally televised speech “At times history and fate meet...to shape a turning point in man’s unending search for freedom.” Johnson said it was wrong to deny any of our fellow Americans a right to vote. Johnson’s Voting Rights Act broke down one of the largest barriers that African Americans faced, the  act took away states’ rights to impose restrictions on who could not vote like the literacy test. 

Within three weeks this act was put into action and African Americans in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama registered to vote. This was a huge stepping stone for African Americans goal to freedom they suffered through violence and discrimination for so long and Johnson was able to see that an American right such as voting should not be taken away from any citizen. This was a huge part of the movement because although many states and people weren’t happy with the act, African Americans were being seen as people and rightfully getting the rights they deserve. Voting for many people is a big honor and right to have and for African Americans to gain that right was a huge turning point for their search for freedom and equality.</sub>  ]]> 2018-10-30 14:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298532768 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298537503 <sub>Martin Luther King gave this speech for all the Nation’s people to hear and to know he and the many other activists will keep fighting for their rights and equality. 

During the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which was to build support for the civil rights movement, Martin Luther King Jr. and other activists who attended. This march was planned by African Americans who created their demands that they wanted to result from this march. African Americans wanted meaningful civil rights, full and fair employment, federal works programs, decent housing, adequation integrated education, and the right to vote. More than 250,000 people of all races showed up to support. Martin Luther King Jr. then gave a speech, putting aside his prepared remarks, from the heart that became the famous “I Have A Dream” speech.

This speech impacted the American people due to the issues that we still prevalent but not resolved. He talked about the struggle African Americans have been through and are yet not equal. He states, “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but the content of their character.” From this heartfelt, unscripted part of his speech people could see the real issue here and soon President Johnson took the initiative to make a change.  Even though Congress did not want to, Johnson was able to sign the civil acts bill making the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which banned discrimination in employment and in public accommodations. This was a huge step for African Americans because it was finally being put into law the rights they deserved.</sub> ]]> 2018-10-30 14:45:32 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298537503 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298541426 <sub>Thurgood Marshall, a case involving Linda Brown of Topeka Kansas, and Chief Justice Earl Warren were all a part of this monumental supreme court case to end segregation in schools.

The NAACP’s early plan was focused just on graduate school and only affected a small amount of people. Thurgood Marshall and members of the NAACP started to focus on elementary and high schools, they needed cases to support their cause and they found two, the Briggs and Brown cases. Throughout the court case they considered effects of American kids and how being in segregated schools made them feel inferior. The court ruled that segregation violated the Constitution's guarantee of equal protection under the law and all nine justices agreed that separate schools for African Americans and whites violated the U.S constitution. The Supreme Court decided that segregation was unconstitutional but the court didn’t give any schools guidance as to how or when they needed to desegregate schools some states quickly acted upon it while other states that opposed it didn't react well to it.

This was a big turning point in the Civil Rights movement because like Chief Justice Earl Warren said education is important and “Such an opportunity …  is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.” This case brought out hope for African Americans that their voices were being heard. Now that schools were desegregated it gave African American children the access to a quality education that the white kids were receiving. Brown vs. Board of Education made separate but equal unconstitutional providing equal treatment and protection and gave students like the Little Rock Nine a chance to go to schools that were all white and although they suffered through abuse and threats they showed the nation how dangerous and strong racism was in some parts of the nation.</sub> ]]> 2018-10-30 14:51:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298541426 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298545907 <sub>People who participated included Rosa Parks, who set the effect to start this boycott, NAACP, and any African American who rode the buses. 

Bus facilities were still segregated where African Americans would have to pay the fee at the front of the bus and then leave the buss, and enter again through the rear doors. If all seats were filled in the front, African Americans were expected to move back or give up their seat to a white person so they can sit. One day a woman named Rosa Parks, NAACP member, was sitting in the section reserve for African Americans and when seats in the front were full she would not give up her seat to white riders. She was then arrested which caused this boycott. Soon some African Americans came together to form this bus boycott where they refused to ride the buses for this period in time which put a strain on them due to having to get around. But it also hurt the bus system and other white business which resulted in whites attacking African Americans boycotting.

This helped the CRM because it was eventually ruled by the Supreme Court that segregation on buses was unconstitutional. African Americans were able to make an impact without using violence to get what they wanted. Soon this inspired African Americans around the nation to organize boycotts of their own. Montgomery Improvement Association and several other groups met and formed a new group, with leader Martin Luther King Jr., called Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This group was inspired from this event to use nonviolent protesting to achieve freedom.</sub> 

]]> 2018-10-30 14:57:50 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298545907 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298547001 <sub>Inspired by sit ins, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) designed this nonviolent action that consisted of whites and blacks.

CORE wanted to start a nonviolent protest so gathered both whites and blacks to participate as freedom riders. What this meant was the African Americans would test the whites by waiting in the white-only waiting room and other segregated facilities when at stops. Through this racism was shown by the whites when they would start to beat up African Americans. Since CORE knew the African Americans would be harassed, the white people of the group were trained that when an African Americans were being attacked they’d step in and take the beating from the people. One day 13 voltmeters who were trained for this protest, white and black, took on a bus trip from Washington to New Orleans, Louisiana. But on one of their stops in Alabama mob started to beat the freedom riders and set fire to their bus. Another bus had got to Birmingham, Alabama but were stopped by whites armed with baseball bats and metal pipes. Soon the bus companies refused to sell the freedom riders tickets so CORE had to disband the movement. 

The Freedom Rider movement was inspired by sit-ins. Sit-ins helped businesses to change their policies to now serve African Americans because of the chaos and loss of business during them. Sit-ins marked the shift in the CRM and soon would inspire other types of nonviolence protests like the freedom riders. The freedom riders at the time it may not have seemed, but succeeded in making a contribution to the CRM. By traveling from place to place it inspired other African Americans to be brave and stand for what they know is right. It even inspired SNCC to have their own freedom riders to set out and test the bus system and segregation laws.</sub> ]]> 2018-10-30 14:59:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298547001 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298550559 <sub>Martin Luther King focused his efforts on Birmingham, Alabama a place that was well known for its strict enforcement of segregation. King started off with adults protesting but after the great amount of  arrests the adult protestors didn’t want to join in the next one because they didn’t want to lose their jobs by going to jail. An SCLC leader urged King to use children in the campaign. Kids from ages six to eighteen chanted and sang as they marched in lines, more than 900 were arrested and jailed. When they gathered for another march the protestors were hosed down with water by firefighters and attacked by dogs and all of this was televised by the press. The campaign ended with a victory because soon after many local officials compromised taking down “White Only” and “Black Only” signs. 

This campaign was important to the Civil Rights movement because it showed that nonviolent protest can get the message across. The children simply marched and sang and although they were attacked they stayed strong and their voices were heard with a compromise from local businesses. This began the many other campaigns such sit-ins, marches, and boycotts of businesses allowing the African Americans to have a voice on their journey to freedom. African Americans gained national attention from Birmingham campaign and their cry for equality could no longer be ignored.</sub> ]]> 2018-10-30 15:04:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298550559 hcorrigan19 https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298552630 <sub>The people who took part in this event included Johnson, Congress Senate and House, and even Martin Luther King Jr. attended.

After Martin Luther’s “I Have a Dream” speech, a month later a bomb was planted in a Birmingham Church, killing four African American girls. This causes attention to finally be drawn to the civil rights bill. Once president Johnson came into office, he was very much invested in getting thi bill signed. Even though southerners in Congress fight for the bill to not go into effect, it was signed into law by Johnson on July 2nd, 1964 in the White House. This act banned discrimination in employment and in public accommodations.

This was a big part of helping the CRM because African Americans were finally being heard. Even though they still have trouble voting after this, it still shaped its way into them to achieve the Voting Act later on. The Civil Rights Act showed other Americans that it was time to see all as equal and that it is morally right. It was wrong to punish someone based off their color, sex, religion, ethnicity, etc.. This gave African Americans the feeling that true equality is possible and gave them hope.</sub> ]]> 2018-10-30 15:07:21 UTC https://padlet.com/hcorrigan19/kmqzqq7odier/wish/298552630