https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91 en-us 2018-04-18 19:13:46 UTC 2018-04-24 19:23:02 UTC hello@padlet.com alexanderc427 https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254230833 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

]]> 2018-04-23 03:25:01 UTC https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254230833 alexanderc427 https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231017 The meaning of freedom of speech under the first amendment allows for the citizens of the United States to express their opinions, judgements, characteristics, etc. freely without punishment. There are of course limitations to this based on things such as school boundaries, incentivising the harm of individuals, making or distributing dangerous things such as drugs, and the advocation of illegal drug use, among other things.

]]> 2018-04-23 03:26:36 UTC https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231017 alexanderc427 https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231148 The idea of freedom of speech dates back to the ancient Greeks and was seen as a foundation for democratic expression amongst civilizations. People in Athens especially were allowed to openly voice their opinions on possible corruption within the government as well as other topics in politics, as well as religion. This would make sense as many of the things that have been instituted into our democracy came from that of the Greeks. It is also important to remember that freedom of speech also protects that of symbolic speech, with things like burning the American flag. Including this in the bill of rights sets the foundation for a free country, as it allows for the basis of the American democracy. With the freedom to express a multitude of ideas, the best interest of the public can be better decided with the voice of the public being allowed to speak freely and help change the ways in which the government caters to civilians.

]]> 2018-04-23 03:27:48 UTC https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231148 alexanderc427 https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231179 The burning of the American flag in Texas vs. Johnson was a major change in how people could use or interpret freedom of speech. With previously this being invited as a terrible action and an unpopular one, with the introduction of symbolic speech being permitted this opens many doors for future ways in which the public can voice its opinions due to the decision of the courts being in favor of that of Johnson.]]> 2018-04-23 03:28:09 UTC https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231179 alexanderc427 https://padlet.com/alexanderc427/kles0p1uyp91/wish/254231250

The advocation of illegal drug use is another prime example with Morse vs. Fredrick. The case here depicted a sign with the phrasing “Bong hits for Jesus”. The principle here asked for the sign to be removed but refused, causing Morse to tear it down. The court in finale ruled in favor of Morse seeing that the promotion of the use of illegal drugs cannot be promoted on school grounds. This is important since it shows that despite opinions being able to be voiced, if it comes to the case of something illegal, it must be spoken in a political manner rather than just a subjective one, which in the case of Frederick was not political.

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 In Tinker vs. Des Moines, at a public school in Des Moines, Iowa, a few students organized a silent protest against the Vietnam War. Students planned to wear black armbands to school to protest the fighting but the principal found out and told the students they would be suspended if they wore the armbands. The court ruled in favor of the students in a 7-2 vote, and stated that “students don’t shed their constitutional Rights at the school gates.

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Employment division vs Smith (1990)  United States Supreme Court case that held that the state could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote, even though the use of the drug was part of a religious ritual. 6-3 decision in favor of Employment division

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Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, in 2000, led to a 2002 ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance are an endorsement of religion and therefore violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Unanimous vote in favor of Elk Grove.

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