■A freelancer  /ˈfriːlɑːnsə(r)/ (n)  

■To have a steady job /ˈstedi/ (v)  

■A temporary work /ˈtemprəri/ (n)  work done for a limited time only

Ex: In the past I had a steady job but now I’m working as a freelancer. To me, it’s just a temporary work to earn a living. 

■To meet a deadline: to finish a job on time

■A heavy workload: to have a lot of work to do

■ Supportive work colleagues

Ex: Luckily, I have worked in a good team and I have ….. even though we just meet each other online. 

Ex: ….. is something a freelancer have to do to earn more money. 

Ex: Sometimes ….. really makes me tired. 

■Working conditions:

■Promotion opportunities: 

■Job satisfaction: the feeling of enjoying a job

Ex: When I graduate, I want to find a job that can give me good working conditions such as high salary, supportive colleges and promotion opportunities. All of them will bring me job satisfaction. 

■Flexible working time

■Pursue higher education

Ví dụ: Để mô tả những người thuộc nhóm tuổi từ 18 – 24, ta có những cách nói sau:

•people who were between 18 and 24 years old 

•people who were aged 18 to 24

•the 18-24 age group

•from 1998 to 2008 =  between 1998 and 2008 = over a period of 10 years 

•every year → each year = per year = yearly = annually

•every day → each day = per day = daily = on a daily basis

•every week → each week = per week = weekly = on a weekly basis

•Nếu đề bài có nêu tên các quốc gia cụ thể, ví dụ “…in India, Vietnam and Korea” → “in three different countries/nations“.

•Ngược lại, nếu đề bài không đề cập tới các quốc gia cụ thể mà chỉ nói “in three different countries” → nêu tên các quốc gia cụ thể.

•Không quên dùng “the” trước 1 số nước như “the UK“, “the USA“,…

•the production of A=  the number of A produced= A production ( danh từ đếm được)

•the production of A = the amount of A produced= A production   ( danh từ không đếm được) 

•the consumption of A = the number of A consumed= A consumption ( danh từ đếm được)

•the consumption of A =  the amount of A consumed = A consumption ( danh từ không đếm được) 

 5. Paraphrase người dùng/ người sử dụng

•Đơn giản nhất, ta dùng động từ ‘use’ hoặc user

•

•people who use the Internet = Internet users = people who have access to the Internet 

•

•people who travel by cars/ drive to work by cars = car users

•

•People who go to school = people who have access to education 

•Unemployment rate = Levels of unemployment = Levels of joblessness

•The proportion of people who were unemployed = The proportion of people who were jobless = The proportion of people without job

•

•The proportion of = the rate of = the percentage of 

I.New words
1.Casual clothes /ˈkæʒ.ju.əl/ /kləʊðz/

2.Tearing jeans: quần bò rách

3.Light-colored clothes

4.Smart clothes

5.Formal clothes

6.‘Uniform

8. Vintage clothes:

9. Accessory /əkˈsesəri/

( i.e. bracelet, necklace, watch, tie, …) 

10.Hand-me-down(s): quần áo anh chị để lại 

Ex: I often wear my sister's hand-me-downs. 

11.Must-have items

 Ex: I only buy must-have items such as bags or jeans.

12.Look sharp

I want to look sharp with pretty accessories. 

Ex: I don’t waste money buying clothes but  I still want to be on trend. 

Ex: My sister spends time thinking about what to wear every day and she really has a sense of style. 

 

Ex: My best friend knows how to mix and match different items of clothing , so she always seems to be on trend. 

 

Ex: I am a slave of fashion but I don’t have much money to keep up with the latest fashion trend. 

 

Ex: Young people tend to keep up with the latest fashion trend. 

Ex: My sister has a sense of style. She knows how to mix and match items, so she even looks good in casual clothes. 

 

Although my ‘sister likes to get dressed up every day, she needs to wear ‘uniforms when she goes to works. 

 

 

Since last year, baggy jeans have come into fashion. Everyone is wearing them nowadays.

 

If flared jeans ever go out of fashion, I will have no pants to wear.

 

 

■go shopping 

■go window-shopping  

■hit the shops / stores ( hit/go: văn nói)

■try on clothes

■buy / purchase st

■haggle with sb to get st /ˈhæɡl/: 

=> mặc cả

■save up money : tiết kiệm tiền

■

Tobe on sale

Tobe expensive  

Tobe inexpensive/cheap

Tobe af’fordable: có thể chi trả. 

Afford : mua cái gì trong tầm khả năng chi trả được.  

chain store /tʃeɪn/: => chuỗi cửa hàng

a shopaholic /ˌʃɒpəˈhɒlɪk/: => 

a workaholic => 1 người nghiện mua sắm

Ex: I don’t usually try to catch on new fashion trends but whenever I have an eye for an item, I will buy it without a second thought.

2. Pick up a ‘bargain : nhặt được món hời ( mua cái gì đó với giá rẻ) 

Ex: She picked up some great bargains in the sale.

3. St tobe ‘value for ‘money – to be worth the cost: tiền nào của nấy, xứng đáng với đồng tiền mình bỏ ra. 

Ex: My new laptop was quite expensive but has all the latest features so I think it was good value for money.

4. Be out of my price range 

Ex: I don’t go shopping often – it is out of my price range – but I did go when my brother was getting married to look for shoes. 

5. Blow money on something: spend large amounts of money

Ex: I know some men who like to keep up with the latest fashions and are capable of blowing money on sneakers and jeans. ( be capable of = be able to 

Ex: Women seem to be more obsessed with fashion and shopping than the rest of the population, but there are ex’ceptions.  

 7. take pleasure in (v) cảm thấy hài lòng, thích thú, ..

Ex: Those who love spending time and money on beautiful pieces of clothing pay great attention to their appearance and take pleasure in the act of shopping. 

8. indicators of personalities (introverted: hướng nội >< extroverted: hướng ngoại)

Ex: outfits are visual indicators of personalities. 

Ex: shopping is not only for the sake of fashion but also an effective means of relaxation

 

 

 

 

1.Facing: đối diện với,

2.left-hand side: bên tay trái 

3.right-hand side: bên tay phải

4.turn right: rẽ phải

5.to your right: phía bên phải bạn

6.pass through: đi qua

7.on the other side: ở phía còn lại 

8.beyond: vượt qua

9.along: dọc theo 

10.corner: góc 

11.go straight: đi thẳng

12.beside: bên cạnh

■Map Vocabulary – Set 2

1. to the north / to the south …: 

về phía Bắc/ về phía Nam, ..

2. in the northeast / in the southwest …: 

ở khu vực phía Bắc/Nam…

ở khu vực phía ……

■

■Map Vocabulary – Set 3

1.opposite: đối diện

2.across the road: qua đường

3.same side: cùng phía

4.before you get to: trước khi bạn tới

5.junction: ngã tư 

6.dead end: cuối đường,

■

1.first / second turning: lối rẽ thứ nhất/ lối rẽ thứ 2

2.on the left: bên trái

3.straight ahead: đi thẳng

4.bend: đoạn rẽ, đoạn đường cong, ..

5.just past: đi qua 

6.alongside: dọc theo

7.carry straight on: đi thẳng

Ex: I find it challenging to maintain focus while confronting several tasks at once

■To hold one thought at a time (v)

Ex: it's tough for me to hold one thought at a time

■To keep popping into my head (v)

Ex: When I try to focus on one task, a number of unrelated ones keep popping into my head

■Multitask (v)

Ex: I can multitask by doing my work and watching netflix at the same time.

■To get distracted (adj) 

Ex: I get distracted by my phone.

■A regular part of my routine

Ex: If I want to be more focused, I know I need to make meditation, yoga, and basic exercise a regular part of my routine. 

■To recall information

Ex: People's ability recall information to recall information decreases as they age 

■Sleep deprivation /ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn/

Ex: Things like age and sleep deprivation might make it difficult to focus

■Facilitate more concentration

Ex: A quiet place will facilitate more concentration, and you'll be able to understand the story better

Ways to facilitate more concentration

■Ear plugs or noise cancelling headphones 

■Go for a walk or take a break 

■Create an hourly plan 

■Set an alarm

■ Have a to-do list 

■Set deadlines for yourself 

■Avoid social media 

Ex: To stay healthy, people should do exercise and have a balanced diet. 

2. have a sweet tooth 

Ex: Dave eats candy all the time. He must have a sweet tooth.

3. calm the hunger pangs /pæŋ/

Ex: After school, I have a habit of eating quick snack to calm the hunger pangs. 

Ex: I try to cut down on meat consumption on my daily meals. 

Ex: My mouth is watering every time I think about my grandmother’s apple pie.

6. to be dying of hunger: 

Ex: I haven’t eaten all day. I’m dying of hunger!

7. a fussy eater  /ˈfʌsi/

Ex: E.g. My husband is a fussy eater, and he's never pleased with my cooking.

8. home cooked meals /homemade food 

Ex: Preparing home-cooked food is a good way to make a balanced meal.

Ex:  Try to avoid processed foods like flavored nuts and cereal bars. It is much healthier to eat organic food.

10. nutritious products /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ : products rich in calories.

Ex: A nutricious breakfast is a great way to start the day, as it gives your body the nutrients and you get enough energy.

11. rich in calories/ st high in …: giàu …( chất gì đó)

Ex: People shouldn’t eat too much snack that is rich in fat. 

Ex: Several ice cream shops offer a wide selection of flavors and toppings,

Ex: The creamy texture and wide range of flavors of ice cream give me a sense of excitement.

15. a tub of ice-cream: bình đựng kem

Ex: I find it too sweet for my taste and often opt for healthier alternatives

*opt for + N = choose

•To be situated/ located/ positioned: nằm ở …

•

VD: The company is located to the south of the river. 

VD: The university is situated in the centre of the city 

•Giữ nguyên : “S + remain unchanged/ still exist”

VD: the university remained unchanged during 10 years. 

•Mở rộng:

VD: The company was slightly expanded.

VD: The university became bigger between 2010 and 2015. 

• Kéo dài:

•

-S + Be + lengthened

Ví dụ: The industrial complex was significantly lengthened. 

•Thu hẹp/ Rút ngắn

•

- S + be + narrowed

VD: The car parking became smaller during 2 years. 

VD: The company was dramatically narrowed over the period of 2 years. 

Ví dụ: The railway line was slightly shortened during 5 years. 

Ví dụ: The university was relocated to the south of the city.

-Xuất hiện:

S + appear 

S + be + built/ constructed/ erected

Ví dụ:

-Bị thay thế

S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + to make way for + nơi mới.

S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + and replaced by + nơi mới.

Ví dụ:

•S + tobe + V-ed (bị động)

=> Ví dụ: At the beginning of the process, clay is dug from the ground.

•Being + V-ed (mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn với thể bị động)

=> Ví dụ: After being heated, the bricks are moved to the cooling chamber.

•Bắt đầu process:

+. To begin with,

+. First of all,

+. In the first step,

•Các steps tiếp theo:

+Following that,

+The second stage is that…

+In the next/ subsequent step,

+…… followed by…..

+After that,

•Các steps diễn ra cùng lúc:

+At the same time,

+ Simultaneously,

•

•Kết thúc process:

•

+Finally,

+the last/ final process is that…

■An avid runner/ gymer..

■An avid reader 

Ex: I was an avid swimmer as a child, but I gave that up after high school, as it was quite time-consuming.

■Physical activities (n) 

■Outdoor activities (n) 

Ex: I’m really into physical activities because it helps me to improve my health. 

■go to the gym (v)

■go trekking(v)

■go hiking (v)

Ex: Nowadays, I enjoy going to the gym, running around the lake by my house, and going on mountain treks.

■play tennis (v)

■do martial arts (v)

Ex: Apart from this, many people enjoy playing tennis and doing martial arts.

■extreme sport (n)

■personal boundaries (n)

Ex: Extreme sports help me overcome my fears, expand my personal boundaries and helps me handle physical threats in life.

■the sport of the world (n)

Ex: As soccer is the sport of the world, that would be the most popular sport in my country

■release stress (v)

■get rid of depression (v)

■improve my general health (v)

Ex: Playing sport is the only way for me to release stress and improve my general health. 

■teach sb discipline (v) /ˈdɪsəplɪn/

■socialize with my friends

Ex: Sport not only give me a chance to socialize with my friends, but it also teaches them discipline.

■increase endurance (v) /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/

Ex: I mainly do aerobic exercises such as running or swimming in order to increase endurance. 

■sound of rain 

■sip some hot tea/ sip a hot tea : nhâm nhi, uống chậm…

Ex: I love rainy days when I'm at home because I enjoy the sound of the rain while sipping some hot tea. 

■experience continue rainfall from…. to ….

Ex: My city experiences continue rainfall from June to September every year.

■freshen up the atmosphere (fresh) 

Ex: Rain freshens up the atmosphere, everything looks refreshing and amazing

■bucket down = rain cats and dogs (văn nói) : trời mưa tầm tã.

■troublesome (adj) phiền phức

Ex: On rainy days, it's troublesome to move from one place to another, especially when it's bucketing down

■bothersome = annoying: khó chịu,

Ex: Rainy days are bothersome to me since it's hard to go from place to place. 

■jump out of bed 

Ex: It’s very challenging to jump out of bed and prepare to go to work on a rainy morning. 

■(walk on) muddy roads (mud: bùn, muddy: sình lầy) 

Ex:  I hate the feeling of walking on muddy roads as my clothes surely are spattered /ˈspæt.əd/ with mud. 

■a couch potato = refers to a person who watches TV a lot; having an inactive life

Ex: if it rains on a weekend, I'm usually a couch potato as I can't go out and do something.

■take my umbrella out of my bag 

Ex: If it's only drizzling (mưa bụi, mưa phùn), I take my umbrella out of my bag and simply head to the place where I need to go.

■stuck in traffic

Ex: On rainy days, it's bothersome for people as they get stuck in traffic or arrive late at work or school. 

■reschedule (my plan/ many of my meetings or trips…): làm lại kế hoạch,…

Ex: I had to reschedule many of my meetings or trips before because of rain

Make me unbale to go out 

1.bilingual  /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ (adj) song ngữ 

2.multilingual /ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/ (adj) đa ngữ 

Ex: She is bilingual in English and Chinese.

4.ac’quire their mother tongue = take in their mother tongue : tiếp thu ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ

5.find it challenging to + Vnt  = find it difficult to + Vnt : thấy khó để làm gì

6. attempt to Vnt= try to = put much ‘effort into + Ving: đặt sự cố gắng vào 

Ex: I put much ‘effort to learn a new language. 

7. pick up a few basic words or phrases: học các từ/ cụm từ cơ bản. 

Ex: During watching a foreign film, you should pick up a few basic words or phrases to use in communication. 

8. have an (innate) ability to do something (n) có khả năng thiên phú làm gì

9. encounter/face language barriers: gặp phải những rào cản ngôn ngữ

10. misunderstanding and miscommunication: sự hiểu lầm và nhầm lẫn

11. bridge/ connect people (together): kết nối mọi người

12. early ex’posure to st (n) : sự tiếp xúc từ sớm

13. get exposed to a language: tiếp xúc ngôn ngữ 

14. gain/get a better understanding of other culture : hiểu biết hơn về các nền văn hoá khác. 

15. proficiency in something/in doing something /prəˈfɪʃnsi/: (n)sự thành thạo trong việc làm gì

 

- Sentence 1: Introduce the topic ( paraphrase lại đề) 

- Sentence 2: Give your answer ( đồng ý view nào?) 

People have different views about + N ………… .

While others believe that ….. ( view 1) , I would argue that …………….( view 2) 

Question: Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas others argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

=> Introduction 1: People have different views about the setting of homework. While others believe that teacher should not give homework to their students, I still believe that it plays an essential part in educating children. 

Topic Sentence: On the one hand, there are several reasons why people think that …...( view 1) 

- Idea 1: Firstly, …

- Supporting ideas: This is because/ In fact/ For example, …

- Idea 2: Secondly, …

- Supporting Ideas: This is because/ In fact/ For example, …

Topic Sentence: On the other hand, I argue that Such events pose a negative influence ( view 2) 

- Idea 1: Firstly, …

- Supporting ideas: This is because/ In fact/ For example, …

- Idea 2: Secondly, …

- Supporting Ideas: This is because/ In fact/ For example, …

3.Conclusion

-Paraphrase lại mở bài.

Suggested phrases: 

=> In conclusion, although there are convincing arguments that……, I tend to agree with the opinion that ………