Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) by

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) by https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3 Gabrielle Robens and Alyssa Post en-us 2020-03-25 15:28:52 UTC 2023-03-17 02:26:00 UTC hello@padlet.com http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rCCZCfrEKO8/UuYhKzbQHOI/AAAAAAAAAHk/MdJ8Q-bDL7k/s1600/brain-injury-lawyer-traumatic-brain-injuries-causes-and-symptoms-infographic.jpg What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI)? grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475413385 Traumatic brain injury is characterized by alteration to brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology caused by an external force]]> 2020-03-25 20:57:19 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475413385 Difficulties in communication and social relationships: grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475414996 The negative effects of TBI on a person's interpersonal and social functioning include impaired empathy, poor relationships, low social participation, and high family stress.]]> 2020-03-25 20:58:39 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475414996 Problems with emotion perception grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475430040 Specifically facial recognition. People with a TBI have a harder time recognizing facial expressions and emotion perception which contributes to the social problems related to this disability.

]]> 2020-03-25 21:10:51 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475430040 Sleep Related Problems grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475430655 People who have a TBI have reported differing sleep related problems. Difficulty with sleeping or more sleeping than usual have both been reported.]]> 2020-03-25 21:11:23 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475430655 Mood Changes or Mood Swings grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475432353 Behavioral problems have been associated with people with TBI. These behavioral or mood problems can present themselves in the form of anxiety and depression or in the form of angry outburst or frequent changes in mood.]]> 2020-03-25 21:12:45 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475432353 Sensory Problems grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475433203 Blurred vision, ringing in the ears, a bad taste in the mouth, or changes in the ability to smell]]> 2020-03-25 21:13:27 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475433203 Memory Problems grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475433632 One of the main symptoms associated with this disability. People who are experiencing a TBI often have to undergo memory restorative therapy to help increase their memory. Some of the problems with memory can stem from lack of attention which is also a symptom of the disability]]> 2020-03-25 21:13:51 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475433632 Direct Instruction: grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475436667 Provide clear and consistent directions for your students that can only be interpreted in one way.
Give the student clear directions on what they need to accomplish and how they will be assessed. ]]> 2020-03-25 21:16:38 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475436667 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475438527 Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the principle that self-talk and self-belief influences one's mood and behavior. This form of intervention is specifically for the symptom related to mood is and used to allow for a student to self-regulate their mood in the classroom. ]]> 2020-03-25 21:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475438527 Social Skills Training grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475440260 This type of intervention is used to assist a person with a TBI in their social skills. Similar therapy has been seen in people with autism and is used to help recognize and interpret facial expressions and emotions in others. ]]> 2020-03-25 21:19:46 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475440260 Memory and Organization Training grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475446183 Something that can be extremely beneficial for teachers to implement in a classroom to accommodate their students with TBI is external reminders. This has been shown to help memory in people with this type of disability. External reminders can include posted lists, labeled file cabinets, of passive cues such as alarms, timers, and computer-based reminder programs.]]> 2020-03-25 21:24:59 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475446183 Frequent Breaks and Naps grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475449279 Since one of the symptoms of a TBI is problems with sleep and attention it has been recommended to allow the student to have frequent breaks or even scheduled naps to optimize their work habits. It is also important for a teacher to schedule classwork at a time when the student is most awake or able to focus]]> 2020-03-25 21:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475449279 Attention Process Training (APT) grobens https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475453856 This is training specifically geared towards improving attention and memory in a person with a TBI. These specific interventions are designed to improve attention and lend themselves well to a cognitive behavioral framework of treatment delivery]]> 2020-03-25 21:31:32 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475453856 Frequent Assessment agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475666415 It is important to frequently assess students with TBI to track any student progress. This allows teachers to be aware of any accomplishments and for changes in the intervention when needed. Frequent assessment may be done through Routine Probing.]]> 2020-03-26 02:20:38 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475666415 Use of IEP agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475667902 IEPs are very helpful when assessing students with TBI. They can evolve with the child and are frequently reviewed and changed to accommodate the student best.]]> 2020-03-26 02:23:33 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475667902 Neuropsychological Assessments agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475668582 Standard educational assessments are not accurately able to assess students with TBI. Neurological assessments are the best option when assessing TBI in students. These types of tests assess students on many different areas. Below is each area a neuropsychological assessment tests and an example of each:

Intelligence- Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
Achievement- Woodcock Johnson Achievement Tests
Language- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
Memory- Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning
Attention- Continuous Performance Test
Mental Flexibility and Concept Formation- Stroop Color and Word Test
Visual Functions- Motor-Free Visual Perception Test
Motor Functions- Grooved Pegboard Test
Social and Adaptive Behavior- AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scales
Personality- Personality Inventory for Children

]]> 2020-03-26 02:24:58 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475668582 Timing agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475682343 Timing is the most important part of assessment. It is crucial to assess a student as soon as possible after traumatic brain injury. The sooner the assessment, the better the plan to accomodate.]]> 2020-03-26 02:51:12 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475682343 Other Common Problems Teachers May See in the Classroom agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475685895 -Teachers may see students have problems with motor, language, cognitive, health and achievement skills.
-Students may be falling behind in class and often times be placed into special education programs in order to better fit their needs.]]> 2020-03-26 02:57:27 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475685895 Behavioral Disturbance agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475689630 This is a major problem teachers may see in students who have traumatic brain injury. The more severe the injury, the more likely students will see behavioral problems.The most common behavioral problems shown in children are aggression and noncompliance.
The two types of aggression shown are:
-Impulsive, unprovoked aggression or episodic dyscontrol. This is when a student randomly acts in a violent way.
-Overreactions to situations due to poor emotional control is also common. Students seem more irritable and the behaviors are more provoked. Situations seem to be more emotionally responsive.
Students may be more noncompliant with their teachers and struggle to follow directions or listen in class.]]> 2020-03-26 03:03:42 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475689630 Most Commonly Shown Through agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475696419

Increased loss of consciousness

Any loss of memory from after the traumatic event took place

Neurological deficits (EX: vision change, loss of balance, weakness, paralysis, sensory loss etc)

Any alterations to a person's mental state of mind (EX: confusion, disorientation etc)

Typically caused by trauma to a person's head (EX: being hit in the head by an object, running into an object head on, etc)

]]> 2020-03-26 03:17:24 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475696419 How common is TBI? agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475698459 TBI is a serious public health problem and is estimated to affect approximately 10 million people worldwide per year.
TBI is also one of the most common long-term disabilities in children.]]> 2020-03-26 03:21:17 UTC https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475698459 agpost https://padlet.com/grobens/kk9joe47foe3/wish/475710750 Glang, Ann, et al. “Validated Instructional Practices: Application to Students with Traumatic Brain Injury.” Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2008, www.researchgate.net/profile/Ann_Glang/publication/51424340_Validated_Instructional_Practices/links/59fe9437aca272347a27f349/Validated-Instructional-Practices.pdf.

Kehle, Thomas J, et al. Interventions for Students with Traumatic Brain Injury. 2016, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1004.1297&rep=rep1&type=pdf .

Menon, David K, et al. “Position Statement: Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2010, www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(10)00650-7/fulltext.

Goldman L, et al., eds. Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 24, 2020

Katz, R., & Kennedy, M. R. T. (2002). Evidence-based practice guidelines for cognitive-communication disorders after traumatic brain injury: initial committee report. (ANCDS Bulletin Board). Journal of Medical Speech - Language Pathology, 10(2), ix+. Retrieved from https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A94207649/HRCA?u=fl_program&sid=HRCA&xid=191f579d

Mateer, C., & Sira, S. C. (2002).
Cognitive and emotional consequences of TBI: Intervention Strategies for vocational rehabilitation. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Claire_Sira/publication/6446283_Cognitive_and_emotional_consequences_of_TBI_Intervention_strategies_for_vocational_rehabilitation/links/55da8f9908aec156b9ae7c53.pdf

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