1. Academic cooperation and cross-cultural communication:
Universities and research institutions can form partnerships to jointly carry out research projects, academic exchanges and
exchange of faculty visits. This exchange enables educators and students to be exposed to knowledge and perspectives from different countries and cultures, broadening their horizons.

2. Sharing of knowledge resources:

Teachers and students can access teaching materials, teaching resources, research results and scholarly literature from other countries, so that they can get in touch with the latest knowledge and advances in the professional fields. Each country can improve the quality and efficiency of its own higher educational systems. And it also helps to stimulate the innovation ability from higher educational institutions to students of all countries can all be improved by communication between countries.

3. International Student Interaction and Communication:
Many students choose to study at universities in other countries so they can experience a
different learning environment, culture and society. This interaction and exchange of international students helps develop their intercultural competence, interpersonal relationships and international perspective.

4. Cross-border collaborative research projects:
Researchers can unite teams of experts from different countries to solve global problems and
challenges. Such collaborative research projects can promote interdisciplinary applications and accelerate the advancement of science and technology.

5. International career development opportunities:
They can seek employment in other countries or participate in projects of multinational corporations. Such professional experience helps them acquire an international perspective, intercultural communication skills and leadership skills.

C. Examples：

1. One of the examples is that during the exile by the Peruvian government, Mariátegui studied the progressive ideas of French and Italian communism. After that, he suggested that it was necessary to improve his country through applying large-scale political education to the education (Spring, 2014, p.23). 

2. Japanese schools and other educational institutions are being studied by American educators in order to improve the shortcomings of American schools (Spring, 2014, p.11).

3. (Knight, J, 2008, P.95)

D& E. Negative counter-arguments which challenge any of the positive positions above

1. Cultural assimilation and conflict of values:
When the exchange of knowledge between different cultures increases, there is a trend of cultural integration, which may lead to the weakening or disappearance of some traditional cultures and values. In addition, differences in values between different cultures can lead to conflict and friction, and pose challenges to multicultural inclusion.

Concession: 
Although cultural conflict might happen when exchanging knowledge, as long as each country has inclusive mind and absorbs the required and helpful knowledge and experience, cultural conflicts is difficult to occur.

 
2. Unequal distribution of opportunities:
Universities and research institutions in richer countries tend to have more resources and advanced infrastructure, allowing them to engage more actively in knowledge exchange and collaboration. In contrast, developing countries with limited resources may face challenges such as insufficient funds and backward technology, making it difficult to fully participate in the process of global knowledge exchange.

3. Information overload and credibility issues:
However, this can also lead to information overload and credibility issues. Due to the flood of information, it may be difficult for people to identify and distinguish true and reliable knowledge from false information. This can have a negative impact on the quality of education and the accuracy of knowledge.

-The emergence of English as a global language may be a result of the unequal distribution of economic, political and cultural influence.

-By expanding the use and value of English, indigenous languages are at risk of extinction, losing their use and value, and being completely displaced by English 

- The practice of linguistic imperialism results in inequalities and injustices within languages. Speakers of dominant languages tend to have advantages in terms of education, employment, and social status, while speakers of minority languages tend to be at a disadvantage 

-Students from different countries have cultural conflicts

-Impact on educational opportunities for local students

b. Further explanations that outline the cause-effect relationship of an action or phenomena. 

- For example, the spread of English across Scotland and Ireland effectively reducing the celtic language or the traditional language in Finland and Swedish is also declining because of increased use of English (Modiano,2001)

-There is a political movement known as the English-only movement, which seeks to establish English as the dominant official language of the United States of America.This causes a racist and anti the people who are not speaking in English (Padilla,2010)

-Globalization of higher education may gain too much students from other culture, the conflict is basically completely inevitable between different culture background, like Islam have their dietary taboos, but other do not.

-Students from some developed countries or some students from schools with more rigorous education will have better academic performance than local students. Education globalization will squeeze the educational resources of local students
d. Counter-arguments that might challenge points i. and ii above.

-The major global forces (political, cultural, economic) and their connection with English as primarily a tool of communication.

-For example,IELTS is one of the English language evaluation exams that millions of candidates take in order to migrate to an English-speaking country. This reflects the importance of the language on a global scale

-Most people can respect the different habits of others, and students with different habits will not be able to rudely ask others to change, so this kind of conflict is unlikely to exist; The globalization of education itself is to allow different culture to meet and make progress together, so even if there is friction, it is a process of progress

-Local schools must have some policies to protect the education of local students, so this guess is unfounded

e. Concessions and rebuttals to the counter-argument.

-Although most people will be humble, but if the culture of the local residents is damaged, in another word it's actually a conflict with the local history，like the Islam their habits are based on their religious which have existed many years.So the culture damage is a serious problem.

1.Although it will bring the exchange of knowledge, how do you care for people who don't want to enter or have been forced into the "rules of the world"?And how do you view the monopoly of academic resources?

2.Although it will bring cultural diversity, how should the problem of race be solved? For example, discrimination or ridicule against Asian, Chinese, and black people may also be encountered in our daily life. 

 

- Technology has been able to eliminate the barriers to education imposed by space and time and dramatically expand access to lifelong learning.
- Technology can break down the barrier between developing and developed
- Students live and study in another country, which may have different lifestyles, habits, and languages from the students. This means that the students can share their knowledge or experience from their own countries.

- Students no longer have to meet in the same place at the same time to learn together. They can use technology to access different sessions, materials and academic meetings/appointments.
- It costs a lot of money to study in developed countries from developing countries, so even students from developing countries can take classes in their own country with technology, so they do not need to care about the location of class and time.
- In the process of living, students will begin to grow, including being independent and learning many life skills, and will have a clearer idea of what kind of life they want.

C
Refer to literature to support this argument
Tech communication technology is speeding the global flow of information and creating a library of world knowledges. (Spring, 2014, p4)Information and communication technology (ICT) allows the adaptation of globally available information to local learning situations. (Spring, 2014, p50)

D
- The cost of many technological applications also prohibits their easy adoption at many resource-limited institutions.

Are there any advantages for developed countries?
They may offer scholarship, donate devices or internet access.)
- It is true that there may be few advantages compared to developing countries, but Such pros will do better than cons because if student in developed country can learn about cultures that are only available in developing countries, you can exchange opinions with people from various cultural backgrounds.
- In different living environments, the pressure to face will also be different. For example, when peers disagree on things and have a dispute, if it happens in students’ own country, they can communicate in their mother tongue. But if students encounter such a problem abroad, students must use a second language that is not as good as their mother tongue to communicate. Therefore, under such a high-pressure life, students will be more competitive.
- When studying abroad, there are no relatives or friends around when student need help, student need to ask for help from people around they. In this process, it is necessary to communicate, and through a series of experience exchanges student can know how to solve it.

e. Concessions and rebuttals to the counter-argument.
- Even though some countries have difficulty accessing the technologies. They still can find the way to access technology such as Community Partnership (Community organization, Local Business, or non-profit organization 
that can provide resources C: Refer to literature to support this argument
Tech communication technology is speeding the global flow of information and creating a library of world knowledges. (Spring, 2014, p4)Information and communication technology (ICT) allows the adaptation of globally available information to local learning situations. (Spring, 2014, p50)

2.For future or P2 learning：when reading or analyse a topic, first question with critical thinking, and then give chanllenge, try to refute the question and rebuttal, this is for a subject “unpack” and the analysis process is also the process of making the content more solid. 

3.I think I have mastered the method of unpack the problem and the logic of thinking, the I need to practice more on the express phrases and sequences of expressions..  

B. In the future learning, mastering the critical thinking skill can make the contents of my essay and presentation more informative rather than thinking just in a single way. 

C. 99%, I am used to think with multiple angles, so with the training in pre-sessional course, I will make progress in using the critical thinking skill.