D2 History by Ben Kiema https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e Platform for you to collaborate. en-us 2018-11-01 05:51:21 UTC 2018-11-01 12:04:35 UTC hello@padlet.com Impact of the Bantustan system on individuals benkiema83 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299253188 https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/homelands

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan
http://africanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-80]]> 2018-11-01 06:09:37 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299253188 Non-violent protests: Bus boycotts benkiema83 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299295369  https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-africans-successfully-boycott-buses-johannesburg-1957 ]]> 2018-11-01 10:56:18 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299295369 black population was moved to prevent them living in urban areas of South Africa https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299302880 2018-11-01 11:34:31 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299302880 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299302920  Oliver Tambo, the African National Congress leader, and Nelson Mandela, the ANC deputy leader, sent messages of encouragement to the boycotters.  ]]> 2018-11-01 11:34:44 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299302920 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299302947  Oliver Tambo, the African National Congress leader, and Nelson Mandela, the ANC deputy leader, sent messages of encouragement to the boycotters.  

]]> 2018-11-01 11:34:51 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299302947 The Bantustans were a major administrative mechanism for the removal of blacks from the South African political system https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303087 2018-11-01 11:35:31 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303087 The term that was used consistently was “White South Africa” as the Government aimed to move every Black person to his or her respective ethnic homeland in order to have South Africa completely in the hands of the White population. https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303208 2018-11-01 11:36:08 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303208 It was set up to give the blacks the responsibility of running their own independent governments https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303343 2018-11-01 11:36:48 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303343 Relocation of individuals that ties to certain Bantustans https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303398 was expensive therefor leading people to loose jobs]]> 2018-11-01 11:37:01 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303398 Homelands were separated by tribes. The impact of this Is to give tribes the feeling of superiority so tribes would not work together to challenge the law https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303560 2018-11-01 11:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303560 Apartheid government made it legal for blacks to be come citizens of their independent bantustans https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303656 2018-11-01 11:37:57 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303656 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303805 Bantustans relied almost entirely on White South Africa's economy. The blacks owned only 13% of South Africa's land, out of which most of the farm land was in poor conditions due to soil erosion and over grazing. ]]> 2018-11-01 11:38:18 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303805 The bantu homeland citizenship act of 1970 did not give black South Africans citizenship or cilvil and political rights https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303843 2018-11-01 11:38:27 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299303843 Land was held communally be chiefs https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304088 2018-11-01 11:39:12 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304088 in the 1970's the South African government declared the following bantustans "independent" https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304125 - Transkei- 1976 
- Bophuthatswana- 1977
- Venda- 1979 
- Liskei - 1981]]> 2018-11-01 11:39:21 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304125 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304454 Bantustans were created under the pretext of creating autonomous African states, in which the rights of Africans' would be preserved and valued.

By implementing these native reserves, the Afrikaner government used this as an opportunity to fully deprive Africans of their rights and value within South Africa.]]> 2018-11-01 11:40:34 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304454 The others remained self governing but had no independent rights https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304549 2018-11-01 11:40:57 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304549 The local homeland economies were not developed = they relied on the white South Africans economy https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304630 2018-11-01 11:41:15 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304630 Bus prices were raised from 4d to 5d https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304960 However, 80% of people lived under the poverty line meaning the raise was much more than they could actually afford therefore leading to boycotts.]]> 2018-11-01 11:42:31 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299304960 Chief Kaiser Mantanzima of Transkei is an example of local chiefs who benefited from establishment of Bantustans. These chiefs benefited from prestige political backing from the state and wealth https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299305014 2018-11-01 11:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299305014 The people of Transkei voices were muted and they are a perfect representation of other African groups who were disregarded politically. They did not want chief Mantanzima to be their leader because he was not the rightful hierarchical leader. Eitherway, Verwoerd still appointed Mantanzima as paramount chief https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299305941 2018-11-01 11:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299305941 Minimal resources were dedicated to Bantusta https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299306514 Limited their capacity to develop and grow]]> 2018-11-01 11:48:40 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299306514 Homelands as labour reserves https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299306592 The blacks that lived in the bantustans daily left their homelands to work for white farmers, mines and industries in the cities as there were more job opportunities there. There was little land that was owned by the blacks in the homelands and most of it was poor and agriculturally unproductive due to factors like overgrazing, soil erosion and a dense population that used the land for settlement.]]> 2018-11-01 11:48:59 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299306592 https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299307127 The first Bantustan Act was released in 1951, however in the subsequent years more acts were implemented which further restricted the movement and rights of Africans. 

Such as the Citizenship Act which guaranteed Africans citizenship within their native reserve, however, that indirectly made them non-citizens in the Union of South Africa.]]> 2018-11-01 11:51:00 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299307127 Local homelands were not developed https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299308147 led to dependency on the white economy]]> 2018-11-01 11:54:37 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299308147 Consolidating the Bantustans https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299308894 As Africans moved into increasingly segregated and isolated territories, what became the bantustans population grew from 4.2 million people in 1960 to 11 million in 1980. This turned densely populated towns the norm for bantustans, with communities that had never lived side by side suddenly forced to live together on the basis of ethnicity, often resulting in significant and violent tensions.]]> 2018-11-01 11:57:14 UTC https://padlet.com/benkiema83/kjorbpjuyp2e/wish/299308894