French philosopher 

Historian of ideas 

Social theorist 

Power knowledge together makes social control 

Institutions 

Political violence under these institutions 

Powers co exits but one becomes more dominant 

Panopticon- seeing all 

Foucaudian 

Discipline works through surveillance and regulations 

Technologies of the self 

Managing yourself - self care and self management 

Characterised as the art of existence dominated by the principal that you should take care of yourself 

Where there is power there is resistance 

Control replaces disciplinary power 

 Covid vaccine or pay to fly out 

CCTV 

Figure out what you’re interested in doing and go more in depth use resources 

Social movement when anti elite people take the clown as leader and symbol and protest in the street, they’re not wealthy not elite people 

Research populism and the joker 

Jstor login through rave login 

Access to articles 

Google scholar 

University library website 

Libsearch.rave.ac.uk

Libgen.is 

Kanopy- films 

British library 

How power works in the digital world 

Social media 

Cookies (accept cookies) 

Student answer -

Digital involvement is more powerful than speech or hand written power because people can take the advantage of technology

Governed by invisible rules and systems of  regulations 

Control replaces disciplinary power 

Power and the internet 

Algorithms and discrimination as control 

Prehistory of the cloud - BOOK

Soshana zoobona information ponopictan 

Surveillance isn’t just in workplace and prisons A- surveillance capitalism is all around us in society 

Paulo gerbado- tweets and the streets 

Social media equivalent to the newspaper - brings people together but it can also be used for authoritarian 

Too much data to be properly sifted through and understood - overwhelming everyone are we actually being controlled or is there just too much data

Cop26 

Climate gate - thousands of documents stole and spread misinformation about climate science 

Attention - social media wants your attention. Who’s actually in control. Is it you. Is it your phone. Is it social media

Gramsi and foucalts ideas can be used in relation to digital realm - social media 

Governed by invisible rules and systems of  regulations 

Control replaces disciplinary power 

Power and the internet 

Paulo gerbado- tweets and the streets 

Social media equivalent to the newspaper - brings people together but it can also be used for authoritarian 

Attention - social media wants your attention. Who’s actually in control. Is it you. Is it your phone. Is it social media

The definitions of Islamophobia are somewhat confusing, there is not one working definition that is relied upon universally. 

Islamophobia is an issue that is still very much prevalent in today’s society. In 2015, Islamophobia increased by 200% in the UK, while Anti-Muslim attacks in the US grew by 78%.  It is not only Muslims that are victims of Islamophobia, a diverse range of different ethnic and religious minorities are also subjected to Islamophobia as a result of the assumption being made that they are Muslim. 

Islamophobia is strongly linked to political events that take place around the world. Events such as 9/11, the 2005 London bombing, the more recent terror attacks in London, such as in Borough Market. Statistics show that experiences of Islamophobia increase after these events. Additionally, the mainstream medias portrayal of these events add to the negative stereotype of Muslims. 

Islamophobia takes place in many different forms, on many different platforms. More recently, there has been an incline in Islamophobia taking place on social media. It raises the question as to whether hate speech is policed actively enough to ensure that there is a clear distinction between free speech and hate speech. 

Government institution and key members of government can reinforce, promote and reproduce islamophobia through their statements and initiatives.  

Social media outlets, such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have developed systems that allow them to filter and tackle general hate speech within a timely manner. This allows them to filter content based on whether or not it is hateful. Having said this, detecting Islamophobic hate speech is a challenge not only for social media outlets, but also for governments and academics. 

Having said this, Islamophobia is still very much a prevalent issue.

Experts are now calling for a distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech against all religions, including Islam, and for laws that criminalise anti Islamism.

activists are gaining their benefits of political affiliation through academic freedom and 

curricular activism  and  use  their  academic  freedom  for  spreading hate  and  prejudice 

against Muslims. The political affiliations make them active, they are also capitalized on 

particular form of  islamophobia.  Such  groups  have  gained  more  attraction after  9/11 

and also transforming their motivation to public not only  through print media but also 

using internet for their purpose to show their reaction against Islam and Muslims. Like 

David  Horowitz’s  enterprises  in  the  form  of  JihadWatch.org,  Discover  the  Networks, 

Front  Page  Magazine,  as  well  as  Campus  Watch,  and  Islamist  Watch  are  found  very 

active  on  internet.  With  their  detailed  description  it  is  summarized  that  they  have 

succeed in changing the perception about Islam and Arab people (Salaita, 2008).

To  spread  the  hate  against  Muslims  through  social  media  has  become  the  major 

factor  for  destroying  the  peace  and  harmony  among  society.  In  the  study  about 

Islamophobia on Twitter Awan (2014) has argued that “online Islamophobia must be 

given the same level of attention as street level Islamophobia” (Awan, 2014, p. 133).

Media reports after 9/11 presented the negative image of Islam to 

the world and various negative discourses have started in world media outlets. Muslims 

were presented  as terrorists, and Islam  as a threat to  world peace. As Ahmed (2007) 

has evaluated that pre-9/11 Muslims and Islam were dominantly framed with religious 

conflict of Jerusalem, between Palestinians and Israelis, and soon after 9/11 Islam was 

employed in  the  context  of violence  and  Muslims were shown  around  patriotism  and 

tolerance. (Ahmed, 2007)

Larsson (2007) has evaluated that the latest technology can be used for spreading 

and  combating  islamophobia.  With  the  analysis  of  Wiki-Islam  he  has  finalized  that 

observed material that published on Wiki-Islam, can easily be perceived as expression 

of  Islamophobia  (Larsson,  2007,  p.  53).

What comes to your mind when you think of islam

Weird 

Different 

Interesting 

Arab 

Odd

Pakistan 

Mosque 

Building

Beard 

Scarf

Crazy 

I still get called racial slurs from a letterbox to a bomber

What do you think of news reporters?

Educated people 

If you do wear hijab how does it make you feel ?

Empowered and strong 

What are your sterotypes of muslims ?

Misinterpreted 

How does being a muslim make you feel ?

Privileged 

What are you first impressions of niqabs if you’re a non-muslim?

Interesting and empowering almost like role models 

Do you think islamophobia is real in media?

So real and people don’t talk about it enough

It doesn’t affect me but he was very rude to say that 

What do you think of news reporters?

People who are educated and know what they are talking about

If you do wear hijab how does it make you feel ?

I don’t

What are your sterotypes of muslims ?

They are all smart and want to be doctors 

How does being a muslim make you feel ?

Im not 

What are you first impressions of niqabs if you’re a non-muslim?

Are they not feeling hot, its a bit much 

Do you think islamophobia is real in media?

Not as bad as people make it seem

It was out of hand and he should not be prime minister

What do you think of news reporters?

Individuals who get told to create fake news 

If you do wear hijab how does it make you feel ?

I feel powerful in my hijab

What are your sterotypes of muslims ?

We just want to be seen as normal people. The stereotype is that islam is a violent religion

How does being a muslim make you feel ?

I feel amazing and privileged 

What are you first impressions of niqabs if you’re a non-muslim?

I am inspired by them

Do you think islamophobia is real in media?

Its traumatic and brothers and sisters around the world deal with it daily 

used to convey condemnation more than to describe; in particular, 

instead of being deployed to comprehend what characterised actual 

consumer practices, it served to stigmatise what appeared to be a 

growing and uncontrolled passion for material things:......... a 

continuous and unremitting search for new, fashionable but 

superfluous things’ 

Roberta 

Sassatelli

, 

Consumer Culture: History, Theory and Politics

 

(2004)

•

The commodity

•

The corporation

The ‘information 

panopticon

Big data and surveillance

The attention 

economy