• Germany and the Soviet Union.

The overall impact of the event:

• The pact bought time to prepare for a potential conflict and secure Soviet interests. It also had an aftermath that saw Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, which marked the beginning of World War II.

• Germany, Polish forces

The winners of the battle:

• Germany

The overall impact of the event:

• The invasion triggered a chain of events, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany, marking the beginning of a larger conflict. The German invasion of Poland set the stage for the subsequent Blitzkrieg tactics and marked a tragic chapter in Polish history.

• France, Germany.

The winners of the battle:

• Germany

The overall impact of the event:

•  The line was designed to deter and repel any potential German invasion. The French forces then were attacked when not expecting and caused a downfall of the Maginot line.

• France, Germany

The winners of the battle:

• Germany

The overall impact of the event:

• The Fall of France in 1940 was a highly significant event during World War II that resulted in the defeat and occupation of France by German forces. Despite the French having built the extensive Maginot Line and having a larger army than Germany, the German invasion caught them off guard.

• It was a moment of profound shock and devastation for the French people and a significant triumph for Germany.

• Britain, Germany

The winners of the event:

• Britain

The overall impact of the event:

• The battle was fought primarily in the skies over Britain, as Germany sought to establish air superiority in preparation for a planned invasion.  The Battle of Britain marked the first major defeat for the Germans in the war and was a significant turning point because it prevented the invasion of Britain and boosted Allied morale. The battle showcased the importance of air power and the resilience of the British people, solidifying their reputation as a formidable adversary and laying the foundation for future Allied victories.

• Russia, Germany

The winners of the battle:

• Russia

The overall impact of the event:

• This battle was a major turning point in World War II and one of the bloodiest battles in history. The Soviets, eventually surrounded the German Sixth Army and trapped them in the city. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad marked a turning point in the war, halting the German advance into the Soviet Union and shifting the momentum in favor of the Allies. It was a devastating defeat for the Germans and a significant morale boost for the Soviet Union, demonstrating the resilience and determination of the Soviet people in their fight against Nazi aggression.

• U.S., Imperial Japanese Navy

The overall impact of the event:

• The attack resulted in the deaths of over 2,400 Americans and the destruction of numerous naval vessels and aircraft. The impact of the Pearl Harbor attack was profound, as it led to a declaration of war by the United States against Japan and the entry of the U.S. into World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor is considered a significant event in history, highlighting the devastating consequences of a surprise military assault and the catalyst it can be for a nation's involvement in a global conflict.

• U.S., Japan

The winners of the battle:

• U.S.

The overall impact of the event:

The Battle of Midway marked a major turning point in the war in the Pacific, as it halted the Japanese advance and shifted the momentum in favor of the United States. It demonstrated the importance of naval air power and intelligence in determining the outcome of a major naval battle.

• U.S., Empire of Japan

The winners of the event:

• U.S.

The overall impact of the event:

• The Allied victory at Guadalcanal was a turning point in the Pacific War, halting Japanese expansion and providing a strategic foothold for further offensives. The battle demonstrated the determination and bravery of the Allied forces and set the stage for future operations in the Pacific theater.

• U.S., Japan

The overall impact of the event:

• The bombings effectively brought about Japan's surrender, leading to the end of the war in the Pacific. The bombings remain highly controversial due to the immense loss of civilian lives and the long-term health and environmental consequences of nuclear weapons. The events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki serve as a stark reminder of the destructive power of nuclear weapons and continue to fuel debates over the morality and ethics of their use in warfare.