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      <title>Neurological Disorders by LizzyMcFizzy</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l</link>
      <description>5 neurological disorders</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2018-12-07 14:56:12 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-05-17 18:06:35 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>OCD</title>
         <author>asuna112211</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/312253756</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><em>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder</em></strong> (<strong><em>OCD</em></strong>) is a mental health disorder that affects people of all ages and walks of life, and occurs when a person gets caught in a cycle of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images or urges that trigger intensely distressing feelings.<br><br><strong><mark>CAUSES</mark></strong>: Research has been unable to point to any <em>definitive</em> cause or causes of OCD.  It is believed that OCD likely is the result of a combination of neurological, genetic, behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors that trigger the disorder in a specific individual at a particular point in time.  <br><br><strong><mark>SYMPTOMS</mark></strong>:<br><strong>Behavioral: </strong>compulsive behavior, agitation, compulsive hoarding, hypervigilance, impulsivity, meaningless repetition of own words, repetitive movements, ritualistic behavior, social isolation, or persistent repetition of words or actions</div><div><strong>Mood: </strong>anxiety, apprehension, guilt, or panic attack</div><div><strong>Psychological: </strong>depression, fear, or repeatedly going over thoughts</div><div><strong>Also common: </strong>food aversion or nightmares<br><br><strong><mark>MOST COMMON AGE</mark></strong>: Children with <strong><em>OCD</em></strong> may have trouble <strong><em>expressing</em></strong> themselves. Most of the time, <strong><em>symptoms of OCD </em></strong>occur before <strong><em>age</em></strong> 25. <br><br><strong><mark>TREATMENT:</mark></strong> Treatment includes talk therapy, medications, or both.</div><div>Medications Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Anxiolytic, and Antidepressant Therapies Support group, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Aversion therapy, Psychoeducation, Rational emotive behavior therapy, Exposure and response prevention, Psychotherapy, Systematic desensitization, and Group psychotherapy Specialists Clinical psychologist and Psychiatrist<br><br><strong><mark>PROGNOSIS:</mark></strong> OCD patients tend to seek treatment from 3 to 4 doctors and spend 9 years in treatment before a correct diagnosis is made.  The average amount of time that lapses between onset of symptoms and appropriate treatment is 17 years. While controlled trials with serotonin reuptake inhibitors have demonstrated a selective efficacy in OCD, up to 40% to 60% of patients do not have a satisfactory outcome. These patients have significant disability and morbidity. The natural course is lifelong, and patients generally require lifelong treatment.<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-12-07 14:59:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/312253756</guid>
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         <title>SHINGLES</title>
         <author>asuna112211</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/312260143</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Caused by the same virus behind chickenpox, <strong><em>shingles</em></strong> is a painful nerve root infection resulting in a skin rash. <br><br><strong><mark>CAUSES</mark></strong>: Shingles is an infection of an individual nerve and the skin surface that is supplied by the nerve. It is caused by the <strong>varicella-zoster virus</strong>, the same virus that causes <strong>chickenpox</strong>. Anyone who has recovered from <strong>chickenpox</strong> can develop shingles.<br><br><strong><mark>SYMPTOMS</mark></strong>: <strong>Pain areas: </strong>in the skin</div><div><strong>Skin: </strong>blister, scab, ulcers, or redness</div><div><strong>Sensory: </strong>over sensitivity or pins and needles</div><div><strong>Also common: </strong>painful red blister rash in linear distribution, burning sensation, fatigue, or itching<br>Shingles causes a painful rash that may appear as a stripe of blisters on the trunk of the body. Pain can persist even after the rash is gone (this is called prosthetic neuralgia).<br><br><strong><mark>MOST COMMON AGE</mark></strong>: You have a greater chance of getting shingles as you age, which is why the shingles vaccine is recommended for everyone age <strong><em>60</em></strong> years and older. The shingles vaccine reduces the risk of shingles by half (<strong><em>51</em></strong>%) and reduces the risk of prolonged pain at the rash site by <strong><em>67</em></strong>%.<br><br><strong><mark>TREATMENT:</mark></strong> Treatments include pain relief and antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir. A chickenpox vaccine in childhood or a shingles vaccine as an adult can minimize the risk of developing shingles.</div><div>Medications Antiviral drug, Anesthetic, Nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory drug, Analgesic, and Nerve pain medication Self-care Aluminum acetate<br><br><strong><mark>PROGNOSIS</mark></strong>: The rash and <strong>pain</strong> should be gone in two to three weeks. However, shingles may last longer and be more likely to recur if the person is older, especially older than 50 years of age, or if they have a serious medical problem. <strong>Pain</strong> may last after the rash is gone. <br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-12-07 15:11:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/312260143</guid>
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         <title>BIPOLAR</title>
         <author>asuna112211</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/312264154</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.<br><br><strong><mark>CAUSES:</mark></strong> Bipolar disorder does not appear to have a single cause but is more likely to result from a range of factors that interact.<br>Some studies have suggested that there may be a genetic component to bipolar disorder. It is more likely to emerge in a person who has a family member with the condition. Patients with bipolar disorder often show physical changes in their brains, but the link remains unclear.</div><div><strong>Brain-chemical imbalances</strong>: Neurotransmitter imbalances appear to play a key role in many mood disorders, including bipolar disorder.</div><div><strong>Hormonal problems</strong>: Hormonal imbalances might trigger or cause bipolar disorder.</div><div><strong>Environmental factors</strong>: Abuse, mental stress, a "significant loss," or some other traumatic event may contribute to or trigger bipolar disorder.</div><div>One possibility is that some people with a genetic predisposition for bipolar disorder may not have noticeable symptoms until an environmental factor triggers a severe mood swing.<br><br><strong><mark>SYMPTOMS</mark></strong><strong>:</strong> <br><strong>Mood: </strong>mood swings, sadness, elevated mood, anger, anxiety, apathy, apprehension, euphoria, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, or loss of interest or pleasure in activities</div><div><strong>Behavioral: </strong>irritability, risk taking behaviors, disorganized behavior, aggression, agitation, crying, excess desire for sex, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or self-harm</div><div><strong>Cognitive: </strong>unwanted thoughts, delusion, lack of concentration, racing thoughts, slowness in activity, or false belief of superiority</div><div><strong>Psychological: </strong>depression, manic episode, agitated depression, or paranoia</div><div><strong>Sleep: </strong>difficulty falling asleep or excess sleepiness</div><div><strong>Whole body: </strong>fatigue or restlessness</div><div><strong>Weight: </strong>weight gain or weight loss</div><div><strong>Also common: </strong>rapid and frenzied speaking<br><br><strong><mark>MOST COMMON AGE:</mark></strong> The average age-of-onset is about <strong>25</strong>, but it can occur in the teens, or more uncommonly, in childhood. The condition affects men and women equally, with about 2.6% of the U.S. population diagnosed with bipolar disorder and nearly 83% of cases classified as severe.<br><br><strong><mark>TREATMENT</mark></strong>: Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination of medications and psychotherapy.</div><div>Therapies Support group, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychoeducation, Family therapy, and Psychotherapy Medications Anticonvulsant, Antipsychotic, and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)Supportive care Hospitalization Specialists Psychiatrist, Clinical psychologist, and Primary care provider (PCP)<br><br><strong><mark>PROGNOSIS:</mark></strong> Up to 50% of patients with <strong>bipolar</strong> disorder will attempt suicide and as many as 20% will complete suicide. ... Without treatment, more than 90% of patients will experience subsequent manic or depressive episodes.  Even with treatment, relapse rates range from 40% to 60%.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-12-07 15:19:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/312264154</guid>
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         <title>RABIES</title>
         <author>asuna112211</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/314697998</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A contagious and fatal viral disease of dogs and other mammals that causes madness and convulsions, transmissible through the saliva to humans.<br><br><strong><mark>CAUSES</mark></strong>: Rabies <strong>infection</strong> is caused by the rabies <strong>virus</strong>. The <strong>virus</strong> is spread through the saliva of infected animals. Infected animals can spread the <strong>virus</strong> by <strong>biting</strong> another animal or a person. In rare cases, rabies can be spread when infected saliva gets into an open wound or the mucous membranes,<strong>such</strong> as the mouth or eyes.<br><br><strong><mark>SYMPTOMS</mark></strong>:<br><strong>Pain areas: </strong>in the muscles</div><div><strong>Whole body: </strong>dizziness, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, or malaise</div><div><strong>Psychological: </strong>delirium, fear, or hallucination</div><div><strong>Gastrointestinal: </strong>nausea or vomiting</div><div><strong>Muscular: </strong>muscle spasms or paralysis with weak muscles</div><div><strong>Sensory: </strong>pins and needles or sensitivity to light</div><div><strong>Behavioral: </strong>aggression or irritability</div><div><strong>Also common: </strong>anxiety, brain death, coma, difficulty swallowing, dilated pupil, drooling, excess salivation, headache, mental confusion, seizures, or stiff neck<br><br><strong><mark>MOST COMMON AGE</mark></strong>: Rabies can be contracted at any age as all it takes is to be infected by the rabies virus.<br><br><strong><mark>TREATMENT:</mark></strong> <br>Preventative: Rabies vaccine, Medications: Blood transfusion and Antiviral drug, Medical procedure:</div><div>Milwaukee protocol, Specialists:</div><div>Emergency medicine doctor and Infectious disease doctor</div><div><br><strong><mark>PROGNOSIS:</mark></strong> The first symptoms can appear from a few <strong>days</strong> to more than a year after the <strong>bite </strong>occurs. One of the most distinctive <strong>signs</strong> of a rabies infection is a <strong>tingling</strong> or <strong>twitching</strong> sensation around the area of the animal <strong>bite</strong>. It is often accompanied by a <strong>fever</strong>, <strong>headache</strong>, <strong>muscle aches</strong>, loss of <strong>appetite</strong>, <strong>nausea</strong>, and <strong>fatigue</strong>.<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-12-14 15:45:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/314697998</guid>
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         <title>ALS</title>
         <author>asuna112211</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/314701937</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><em>ALS</em></strong>, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. A-myo-trophic comes from the Greek language. "A" means no. "Myo" refers to muscle, and "Trophic" means nourishment – "No muscle nourishment."<br><br><strong><mark>CAUSES:</mark></strong> Chemical imbalance. People with ALS generally have higher than normal levels of glutamate, a chemical messenger in the brain and in the <strong>spinal</strong> fluid around nerve cells. High levels of glutamate are <strong>toxic</strong> to some nerve cells and may cause ALS.<br><br><strong><mark>SYMPTOMS</mark></strong>: Gradual onset, generally <strong><em>painless</em></strong>, progressive <strong><em>muscle weakness</em></strong> is the most common initial symptom in ALS. Other early symptoms vary but can include tripping, dropping things, <strong><em>abnormal fatigue</em></strong> of the arms and/or legs, <strong><em>slurred speech</em></strong>, <strong><em>muscle cramps</em></strong> and <strong><em>twitches</em></strong>, and/or <strong><em>uncontrollable periods</em></strong> of laughing or crying.<br><br><strong><mark>MOST COMMON AGE</mark></strong>: <strong>Most</strong> people who develop <strong>ALS</strong> are between the <strong>ages </strong>of 40 and 70, with an <strong>average age</strong> of 55 at the time of diagnosis. However, cases of the disease do occur in persons in their twenties and thirties. Generally though, <strong>ALS</strong> occurs in greater percentages as men and women grow older.<br><br><strong><mark>TREATMENT</mark></strong>: There are currently two drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ALS. These are <strong>Rilutek</strong> (<strong>riluzole</strong>) and Radicava (edavarone). Medication and therapy can slow ALS and reduce discomfort, but there's no cure.<br><br><strong><mark>PROGNOSIS:</mark></strong> About 1 person in 25,000 will be diagnosed with <strong>ALS</strong>. Most of them die within 2 to 5 years of being diagnosed, usually because of respiratory failure. However, a small group, about 5% of those with <strong>ALS</strong>, have been able to survive for 20 years or more.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-12-14 15:53:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/asuna112211/kh27jzot3h5l/wish/314701937</guid>
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