What parenting style do you think would best benefit you and your family?

Parents can best support their teens by having effective communication, boundaries, and emotional responsiveness to the teen and their emotions. The Gavazzi text also offers research on the behavior of adolescents showing that parental involvement and family cohesion impacts adolescent outcomes in areas of academics, emotional well being and risk behaviors.

Gavazzi, S. M. (2011). Families with adolescents: Bridging the gaps between theory, research, and practice (11th ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8246-9

Authoritarian: Demanding obedience, conformity

Indulgent: Permissive, passive

Indifferent: Uninvolved

• Systems theory shows the dynamic of the family and how changes can affect the whole family, it also gives ways to support families through changes or difficulties they may face as a whole.

Family as a system: family is viewed as a whole. Change in one part of the system affects the whole system.

Subsystems: smaller relationships in the family, husband and wife, siblings, child to parent.

Boundaries: defines who is part of the system. Regulates closeness and distance from others in the system.

Homeostasis: families ability to keep stability and resist disruption within the system

Feedback loops: mechanisms families use to make changes to behavior; Positive feedback loops ( reinforcing current behavior) Negative feedback loops ( encouraging new behavior).

Circular Causality: each person influences and is influenced by others

Rules: expectations that help guide family members behaviors and interactions

Gavazzi, S. M. (2011). Families with adolescents: Bridging the gaps between theory, research, and practice (11th ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8246-9