P&N Project Pad. by Peyton King https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr Biology Class Project en-us 2021-01-22 20:51:24 UTC 2023-05-25 09:48:16 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png Monomer-A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115868798 2021-01-22 20:55:13 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115868798 Polymer-a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115870717 2021-01-22 20:55:58 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115870717 Condensation Reaction- any of a class of reactions in which two molecules combine, usually in the presence of a catalyst, with elimination of water or some other simple molecule. The combination of two identical molecules is known as self-condensation. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115884387 2021-01-22 21:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115884387 The different types of atoms in protein are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur . nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115884867 2021-01-22 21:00:16 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115884867 Hydrolysis-A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound; this is achieved by breaking a covalent bond in the compound by inserting a water molecule across the bond peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115888262 2021-01-22 21:01:17 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115888262 What is the element of life? Carbon peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115889079 2021-01-22 21:01:36 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115889079 Monomers-----Amino acids are monomers that make up the building blocks of a protein molecule.There are 20 of them. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115906187 2021-01-22 21:08:20 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115906187 Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic- Hydrophobic molecules and surfaces repel water. Hydrophobic liquids, such as oil, will separate from water. Hydrophobic molecules are usually non polar, meaning the atoms that make the molecule do not produce a static electric field. V.S. Hydrophillic- a molecule or substance is attracted to water. Water is a polar molecule that acts as a solvent, dissolving other polar and hydrophilic substances. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115911044 2021-01-22 21:10:21 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115911044 Functions------Proteins have many functions such as the contraction of muscles tissue, transportation of oxygen in the bloodstream, immunity, control of other proteins, and speeding up chemical reactions. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115937730

]]> 2021-01-22 21:20:38 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115937730 Credits:Peyton peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115939728 2021-01-22 21:21:23 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115939728 What are the atoms in a carb and what is the atom ratio?Carbohydrates are a class of chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115944924 2021-01-22 21:23:36 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115944924 Monomer of carbs?Monosaccharides peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115946812 2021-01-22 21:24:32 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115946812 Functions of carbs?They provide you with energy for daily tasks and are the primary fuel source for your brain's high energy demands. Fiber is a special type of carb that helps promote good digestive health and may lower your risk of heart disease and diabetes. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115950697 2021-01-22 21:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1115950697 Structure nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119581435  An amino acid is composed of a central carbon atom which is bonded to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group (COOH), an amine group (-NH2), and a variable group (–R) that makes each amino acid different. So basically the R group just makes the amino acid special and allows it to differ from other amino acids.



]]> 2021-01-24 20:35:52 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119581435 Peptide Bonds - Amino acids are bonded together by covalent bonds called a peptide bond . nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119616962 2021-01-24 20:58:06 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119616962 Polypeptide--- As the amino acids join together, they create a long chain known as a polypeptide shown in the diagram below. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119625605 2021-01-24 21:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119625605 4 protein structures-- Primary structure is a chain, Second is when the chain folds into sheets and helices, Third is a 3 dimensional glob that is made of the twisted helices, and Finally Fourth is when multiple of the shapes and chains come together to great a larger glob nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119712389 2021-01-24 22:07:48 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119712389 Enzyme---Enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction — for example, salivary amylase acts on starch found in bread, pasta and rice to break it down into monosaccharides such as glucose. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119739180 2021-01-24 22:31:24 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119739180 Hormone---- Hormones are biochemical messengers that are released by endocrine cells to control specific processes, such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. The hormone insulin controls the amount of glucose present in the blood. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119739542 2021-01-24 22:31:45 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119739542 Types of Proteins in Structural form--- Proteins Structural: collagen- Cartilage,tendons,skin,nails Keratin- forms hair nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119755979

]]> 2021-01-24 22:47:59 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119755979 Structure pics nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119774380 2021-01-24 23:06:33 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119774380 nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119776056 2021-01-24 23:08:26 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119776056 Video links nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119776238 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSCUAjZQhXI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EweuU2fEgjw


]]> 2021-01-24 23:08:39 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119776238 Chemical Indicator Chemical indicator for Protein Biuret reagent Negative test is blue Positive test is purple/violet nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119776438 2021-01-24 23:08:53 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1119776438 Credits: Nathan Leistner nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123948928 2021-01-25 19:55:44 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123948928 Atoms--- These polymers are made up of small building blocks called nucleotides. Nucleotides are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123973477 2021-01-25 20:01:28 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123973477 Monomer--- Nucleotides are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms arranged as three separate molecules (a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate molecule) which have been bonded together. The structure of the nucleotide is shown below. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123983832 2021-01-25 20:03:59 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123983832 Food examples with carbs.Dairy. Milk, yogurt, and ice cream.Fruit. Whole fruit and fruit juice.Grains. Bread, rice, crackers, and cereal.Legumes. Beans and other plant-based proteins.Starchy Vegetables. Potatoes and corn.Sugary Sweets. Limit these! Soda, candy, cookies, and other desserts. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123986296 2021-01-25 20:04:34 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1123986296 What is starch?an odorless, tasteless white substance occurring widely in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes. It is a polysaccharide which functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important constituent of the human diet. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124009881 2021-01-25 20:10:14 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124009881 Functions---- Nucleic acids are the genetic material that stores cellular information. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124012805 2021-01-25 20:11:00 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124012805 What is glycogen?A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124014869 2021-01-25 20:11:32 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124014869 Structure and Parts--- A nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. 5 types of nucleic acids Purines 2 rings Adenine A Guanine G Pyrimidines 1 ring Cytosine C Thymine T Uracil U nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124033616 2021-01-25 20:16:17 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124033616 What is cellulose?An insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124041524 2021-01-25 20:18:25 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124041524 Purines vs Pyrimidines----- Purines are larger because they have 2 rings, Pyrimidines are smaller because they only have 1 ring. 5 types of nucleic acids Purines 2 rings Adenine A Guanine G Pyrimidines 1 ring Cytosine C Thymine T Uracil U nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124048270 2021-01-25 20:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124048270 DNA Rules--- A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G) nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124069416 2021-01-25 20:25:13 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124069416 RNA vs DNA----- DNA is a double-stranded molecule which is found in the nucleus of the cell. It is the main copy of an organism’s genetic code containing the instructions to create every protein required by the cell. These proteins are then expressed as characteristics or traits in the organism. RNA is the nucleic acid molecule which forms the copy of DNA that is used to make proteins. Unlike the DNA molecule, RNA is a single-stranded molecule. There are four types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and regulatory RNAs. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124103008 2021-01-25 20:33:48 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124103008 Video links nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124493351 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNASRkIU5Fw

]]> 2021-01-25 23:10:26 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124493351 pics nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124541486 2021-01-25 23:43:56 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124541486 nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124542638 2021-01-25 23:44:49 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124542638 Credits: Nathan Leistner nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124542819 2021-01-25 23:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124542819 Ratio Comparison ---- In carbohydrates the Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen is 1:2:1, this is why they are called carbohydrates, carbon and hydrous, which is water. one carbon ,two hydrogen and one oxygen just like water. In lipids the components are the same but the ratio is less for oxygen, so it is 1:2:less than one for C:H:O Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and in some cases contain phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124579183 2021-01-26 00:09:01 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124579183 Monomers--- the 2 monomers are glycerol and fatty acids Lipids are made of glycerol, a three-carbon molecule that serves as the ‘backbone’ for the structure to which the fatty acids are attached. A fatty acid is a long chain of carbon and hydrogen. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124623280 2021-01-26 00:34:57 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124623280 Functions of Lipids----- Lipids are used to store energy, as insulation, form cell membranes, and provide the building blocks for hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124628305 2021-01-26 00:37:58 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124628305 Foods that contain Lipids---- fried foods, vegetable oil, butter, whole milk, cheese, cream cheese, and some meats. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124644693 2021-01-26 00:47:49 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124644693 Polarity of lipids---Most lipids are non-polar (having no charged areas) or only slightly polar, with a very few charged areas. Lipids are generally insoluble in water because they have a nonpolar region which is not attracted to water molecules. nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124649686 2021-01-26 00:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124649686 Chemical Indicators of carbs? Sugars such as Monosaccharides and Disaccharides. Aqua blue=Negative Results and yellow/green/brick red=Positive Results. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124914700 2021-01-26 03:42:33 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124914700 Carbs Review Video.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQi84TnstI4 peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124941269 2021-01-26 04:02:18 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124941269 Structure Of A Carb. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124941604 2021-01-26 04:02:32 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124941604 Simple Vs Complex Carbs.Complex carbohydrates are present in foods such as bread and pasta. Simple carbohydrates are in foods such as table sugar and syrups. Complex carbohydrates contain longer chains of sugar molecules than simple carbohydrates. The body converts these sugar molecules into glucose, which it uses for energy. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124942458 2021-01-26 04:03:11 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124942458 How to identify a carb from a picture.Carbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. Therefore, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. The origin of the term “carbohydrate” is based on its components: carbon (“carbo”) and water (“hydrate”). peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124943978 2021-01-26 04:04:14 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124943978 Credits:Peyton peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124944803 2021-01-26 04:04:48 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124944803 What is a triglyceride?an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils, and high concentrations in the blood indicate an elevated risk of stroke. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124949138 2021-01-26 04:07:42 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124949138 Fatty acid structure. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124974447 2021-01-26 04:23:18 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124974447 Fatty acid structure. Pt.2 peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124978563 2021-01-26 04:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124978563 Fatty acid structure. Pt.3 peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124979862 2021-01-26 04:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124979862 What is the phospholipid structure and function for cell membrane?Phospholipids, arranged in a bilayer, make up the basic fabric of the plasma membrane. They are well-suited for this role because they are amphipathic, meaning that they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Chemical structure of a phospholipid, showing the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124983137 2021-01-26 04:28:16 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124983137 Link to Lipids review youtube video.https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/macromolecules/lipids/v/lipid-overview peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124985144 2021-01-26 04:29:24 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124985144 Structure of a lipid.How to identify a lipid.One type of lipid monomer, a fatty acid, consists of one carboxyl group at the end of a linear hydrocarbon containing at least four carbon atoms. Because hydrocarbon chains are nonpolar, fatty acids with long hydrocarbon chains are mainly hydrophobic (insoluble in water) despite having one polar functional group. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124985990 2021-01-26 04:29:53 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124985990 Lipid Indicators. Sudan III or Sudan IV. Fat loving molecules colored red/orange. Positive result is two layers,top layer is orange-red. Negative result is one layer and the color is evenly distributed. peytonsk https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124990884 2021-01-26 04:32:34 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124990884 Credits: First 5 done by Nathan and Last 6 done by Peyton nathanpl https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124991561 2021-01-26 04:32:57 UTC https://padlet.com/peytonsk/kglzn6njxpuck3qr/wish/1124991561