https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6 en-us 2022-10-09 16:28:07 UTC 2022-10-11 02:27:47 UTC hello@padlet.com 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332584259 A couple was out for a morning run last week and found a human skull while on their run. The police then came and found two skeletons at the scene. Forensic Anthropology is where data, criteria, and techniques are used to determine a skeleton's characteristics, such as sex, age, ancestry, and height. A Forensic Anthropologist helps identify a skeleton's characteristics, such as ancestry, sex, stature, age, and trauma by analyzing the bones and their characteristics. Acting as the Forensic Anthropologist, we examined Skeleton B.]]> 2022-10-09 16:37:34 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332584259 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332585404 The skeleton is male]]> 2022-10-09 16:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332585404 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332591757 The frontal bone was low and slanting. The shape of the eye orbit was square. The mandible shape was square and u-shaped.]]> 2022-10-09 16:47:35 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332591757 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332607629 The Vertical Maximum Diameter of the Femoral Head was 47 mm. The Bicondylar Width was 77 mm. The Maximum Length was 445 mm. ]]> 2022-10-09 17:08:45 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332607629 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332614840 The Transverse Diameter of Humeral Head was 43 mm. The Epicondylar Width was 64 mm.]]> 2022-10-09 17:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332614840 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332653360 Skull: For the frontal bone, a round, globular bone points to female, whereas a low, slanting bone points to male. Since the bone on our skeleton was low and slanting, this added evidence that the skeleton was male. The eye orbit shape and mandible shape were both square, which points to the skeleton being male. If the eye orbit and mandible shape were both round, then that would show the skeleton possibly being female.
Femur: In order for the skeleton to be male, the vertical maximum of the femoral head must be >44.5 mm, the bicondylar width must be >76 mm, and the maximum length must be >430 mm. Since the femoral head was 47 mm, the bicondylar width was 77 mm, and the maximum length was 445 mm, which all fit into the above ranges, the femur definitely shows that the skeleton is male.
Humerus: An average male has a transverse diameter of humeral head in the range of 42.7-44.7 mm and an epicondylar width near 65.9 mm. Skeleton B showed a transverse diameter of humeral head of 43 mm, fitting the range above, and an epicondylar width of 64 mm, very close to the 63.9 mm average.
Overall, all of the evidence presented above show that the skeleton is male, as they all either fit the description or fit within the range presented.]]> 2022-10-09 18:13:13 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332653360 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332660942 The skeleton is European]]> 2022-10-09 18:18:00 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332660942 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332670142 The nasal spine was prominent. The nasal silling was sharp. The shape of the orbital openings were rounded and somewhat square.]]> 2022-10-09 18:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332670142 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332673326 Fingers can fit under the curvature of the femur.]]> 2022-10-09 18:37:05 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332673326 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332681129 Skull: In order for a skeleton to be classified as European, it is likely that the skull has a prominent nasal spine, sharp ridge silling, and rounded but somewhat square orbital openings. Skeleton B had all of these characteristics and clearly showed no signs of the other ancestries, which are Asian and African, proving that the skeleton was European.
Femur: Furthermore, an additional test proved that the skeleton is European. If the curve in the femur could easily fit fingers under it, which it could, then the skeleton would be European, which it was.
All of these pieces of compelling evidence prove that Skeleton B was European, as these characteristics are commonly found in Europeans.]]> 2022-10-09 18:48:37 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332681129 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332682720 The skeleton's height range is 5'4.22" - 5'7.99"]]> 2022-10-09 18:51:19 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332682720 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332719683 Using the Maximum Length of the Femur (44.5 cm), the height range for this skeleton was 164.83-172.71 cm.]]> 2022-10-09 19:45:54 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332719683 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332725979 Using the Maximum Length of the Humerus (31 cm), the height range for this skeleton was 163.12-172.26 cm.]]> 2022-10-09 19:56:08 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332725979 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332737604 Femur: Using the regression formula (2.32 (MLF) +- 65.53 +- 3.94) and plugging in the maximum length of the femur (44.5 cm), we found that the height range was 164.83-172.71 cm.
Humerus: Using the regression formula (2.89 (MLH) + 78.10 +- 4.57) and plugging in the maximum length of the humerus (31 cm), we found that the height range was 163.12-172.26 cm.
After compiling the data ranges from both of these bones, in order to find a more accurate estimate, the data from these 2 bones were combined. Using the minimum and maximum values from both of these ranges, a more accurate representation of the height range was created. Since the numbers came from two separate bones, the range is very accurate and not reliant on a single factor.]]> 2022-10-09 20:15:14 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332737604 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332739478 The skeleton is about 20-25 years old]]> 2022-10-09 20:18:39 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332739478 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332794270 The illium, ischium, and pubis bones were fully ossified with no evidence of epiphyseal unions, which shows that the skeleton's approximate age is 20-25.]]> 2022-10-09 22:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332794270 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332795649 The condyles have joined the shaft, which shows that the skeleton's approximate age is 20.]]> 2022-10-09 22:11:05 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332795649 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332800464 The upper epiphysis has united with the shaft, which shows that the skeleton's approximate age is 20.]]> 2022-10-09 22:22:49 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332800464 255040 https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332803794 There are different stages at which different parts of a bone fuse together to its final form, as one is growing up. These different stages help show approximately how old a person is.  For example, if epiphyseal unions are still visible, it may point to a skeleton being 18 or younger. There were no epiphyseal unions visible on the pelvis, but not all segments of the sacrum were united, showing that the skeleton could not be younger than 20 years old, and was most likely around 20-25 years of age. According to the femur, the bone had reached its final form, with the condyles having joined the shaft, showing that the skeleton was around 20 years old. The humerus also shows that the bone had reached its final form, with the upper epiphysis having united with the shaft, showing that the skeleton was around 20 years old. Overall, it is safe to say that the age range for skeleton B was 20-25 years old.]]> 2022-10-09 22:31:19 UTC https://padlet.com/255040/kf6rvad1pbnk69z6/wish/2332803794