Understanding Structural Texts: Structural texts are the backbone of effective communication. Whether you're crafting a narrative, reporting facts, or providing instructions, the structure plays a crucial role in ensuring your message is clear and impactful. In English lessons, we unravel the secrets of structuring our thoughts and ideas.

The Basics: Let's start with the fundamentals. Structural texts can be broadly categorized into various types, each serving a unique purpose. Narrative texts take us on a storytelling journey, recounting events in a sequential order. Report texts present information in a factual and organized manner, catering to our analytical side. Procedural texts guide us through steps and instructions, ensuring we successfully complete tasks. Descriptive texts, on the other hand, paint vivid pictures through detailed observations.

Why Structure Matters: Imagine constructing a house without a blueprint – chaos, right? Similarly, a well-organized structure is like a roadmap for your writing. It guides the reader through your ideas, making your message coherent and easily digestible. In English lessons, we emphasize the importance of clarity, ensuring that your thoughts flow seamlessly from one point to the next.

Description is about sensory experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but description also deals with other kinds of perception.

But in particular, the descriptive text is, “…… is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.”

So, it can be said that the descriptive text is a text that explains about whether a person or an object is like, whether its form, its properties, its amount and others. The purpose of the descriptive text is clear, that is to describe, represent or reveal a person or an object, either abstract or concrete.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text

– Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). for example: Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim

– The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in Jepara, etc.

– The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the fact of the object described.

– Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc.)

report text is one type of text that is categorized as “factual texts.” This kind of text is often said as “twin brother” of descriptive text. So that many students are “confused” how to distinguish the these texts.

But actually it is not too difficult to distinguish between Descriptive Text and Report Textwwww

Definition of Report Text

The term report text is often also known as informational report. The Report, in Concise Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition, is defined as 1) an account given of a matter after investigation or consideration. 2) a piece of information about an event or situation. It can be concluded, in term of language, the report text is a text that function to provide information about an event or situation, after holding investigation and through various considerations.

The definition of report text is also almost similar to what is often mentioned in some English books at high school level, “Reports text is a text which is the result of systematic observation and analyzes.” Generic Structure of Report Text

, Report text also has only two generic structures:

General Classification stating classificatio

In descriptive text, there are generic structure :

1. Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person,

place, animal or object will be described.)

2. Description: contains a description of something such as

animal, things, place or person by decribing its features, forms,

colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.

The purposes of descriptive text :

1. To describe person, thing or place in specific

2. To describe a particular person, thing or place.

In descriptive text, there are also some language feature of descriptive text, there are :

1. Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and

unique (only one). for example: Bandengan beach, my house,

Borobudur temple, uncle Jim

2. The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for

example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place

in jepara, etc.

3. The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is

simple present because it tells the fact of the object described.

4. Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run,

sleep, walk, cut, etc.

There are many descriptive text that you can find on the internet for an example. Here I will give you one example of the descriptive text so you guys can get to know more about descriptive text.

My Gecko

I have a gecko. His name is Wingman. His skin is white and has black spots. He has short claws and a cute tail. He also has cute black big eyes! My gecko likes to eat some cricket for his meal, he usually eat cricket one times/two day.

When I release my gecko out of his cage, he used to jump

everywhere and hard to catch. So, I could just put him on his cage

because I’m afraid that he might running away.

Descriptive text is a text that explains about whether a person or an object is like, whether its form, its properties, its amount and others. The purpose of the descriptive text is clear, that is to describe, represent or reveal a person or an object, either abstract or concrete.

1. Generic Structure Descriptive Text

·         Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be described.)

·         Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by decribing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.

2. Purpose of Descriptive text

·         To describe person, thing or place in specific

·         To describe a particular person, thing or place.

3. Language Feature of Descriptive Text.

·         Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique . for example: Bandengan beach, and my house.

·         The use of the adjective to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in jepara, etc.

·         The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the fact of the object described.

·          Action verb: verbs that show an activity

Report Text

Report Text is a type of text in English that describes the details of an object. Details in this text are scientific details which include the description of objects, both physical and non-physical, from scientific facts about the object.

1. Characteristics of Report Text

• Contains scientific facts

• The title text looks more general

• Using the Simple Present Tense

• General Classification

2.  Generic Structure of Report Text

·         General Classification

This section contains general statements that describe the object description of this Report Text.

·         Description

This section usually describes the phenomenon or situation that occurs, both its parts, nature, habits, or behavior. In essence, this section describes the classification presented scientifically. However, to remember, Report Text is not a news text, but scientific factual text.

    One type of text in English that clearly describes the properties attached to something, it can be humans, animals, plants, or inanimate objects. The purpose of this text is to provide clear information about the object being described to the reader.

Characteristic of Descriptive Text

• Using simple present tenses

• Using many adjectives

• Using relating verbs

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

• Identification

To introduce to the readers the object that will be explained before we tell in more detail about the object in the next paragraph.

• Description

Contains the qualities inherent in something that you introduced to the reader in the first paragraph.

Report Text

    Type of text in English that describes the details of an object. Details in this text are scientific details which include the description of objects, both physical and non-physical, from scientific facts about the object.

    Although Report Text and Description Text are almost the same, they are actually two different texts. Report Text tends to lead to scientific factual text and is more general than Description Text so that there is no subjective opinion from the author.

Characteristic of Report Text

• Contains scientific facts

• The title text looks more general

• Using the Simple Present Tense

• General Classification

Generic Structure of Report Text

• General Classification

Describe the object description of this Report Text.

• Descriptions

Provides a description of the phenomenon or situation that occurs, both its parts, nature, habits, or behavior. In essence, this section describes the classification presented scientifically. However, the thing to remember is that Report Text is not a news text, but scientific factual text.

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

When writing descriptive text, there are some generic structures (actually not mandatory) for our writing to be true. The arrangement is:

1. Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be described.)

2. Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by describing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describes.

Purpose of Descriptive Text

– To describe person, thing or place in specific

– To describe a particular person, thing or place.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text

– Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). for example: Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim

– The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in Jepara, etc.

– The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the fact of the object described.

– Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc.)

REPORT TEXT, report text is a text that presents information in a clear and factual manner. It means that the content of a report text offers information about a particular subject, such as animals, places, events, or anything else, in a general way and according to the actual condition of the subject. For instance,if the topic is about endangered species, the text will inform readers about the species’ vulnerable status and the factors contributing to it.

Report text’s language features

1. General nouns

2. Linking verbs

3. Present tense

Report text’s structure

1. General Classification

2. Description

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Definition: Descriptive text vividly portrays a person, place, thing, event, or idea to engage the reader's senses and imagination.

Structure of Descriptive Text:

1. Introduction:

   • Captivating start with a clear thesis statement.

2. Body Paragraphs:

   • Organized details in a logical order.

   • Sensory language, specific examples, and vivid imagery.

3. Conclusion:

   • Summarize key points, leaving a lasting impression.

Purpose of Descriptive Text:

1. Create a Vivid Picture:

   • Bring the subject to life with detail.

2. Evoke Emotions:

   • Engage emotions through descriptive elements.

3. Enhance Understanding:

   • Provide a clear mental image and understanding.

4. Capture Attention:

   • Use compelling language and imagery.

5. Appeal to Senses:

   • Utilize sensory details for immersion.

Examples of Descriptive Text:

1. Describing a Place:

   • Example: The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm, golden glow over the tranquil beach.

2. Describing a Person:

   • Example: Her eyes sparkled with mischief, exuding confidence in every step.

3. Describing an Event:

   • Example: The stadium erupted in cheers as confetti rained down, marking the sweet taste of victory.

In short, descriptive text uses words to create pictures and feelings, making it easy to understand and imagine different things.

Descriptive text is a text that explains or describes people, animals or objects in terms of shape, characteristics, number and so on. The purpose of descriptive text is to explain, describe, or reveal a person or an object. A description contains special characteristics of the object, place or person being described. For example, characteristics, physical appearance, and other things that are written specifically. The characteristics of the Descriptive Text Verb used are: attribute verbs, such as be (am, is, are). The tense used is simple present tense. and Only focus on that one object. while report text is a type of writing that aims to convey information to readers regarding the results of research on something. Report text is one of 13 types of writing in English. The structure of the report text is general classification and description. Often, report text is confused with descriptive text, but actually these two texts are different. Report Text is included in descriptive text which has the function of describing something, whether an object, living creature or general phenomenon. Meanwhile, descriptive text explains more specific phenomena. For example, you will discuss cars. So in descriptive text, you refer to a certain type of car, such as a race car, accompanied by its special characteristics.

Description is about sensory experince how something looks sounds tastes. Mostly it is about visual experince, but description also deals with other kinds perception

Understanding Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is the kind of the text which list the characteristic of the persons place or things or describing living and non living things such as plant, animals, plane etc.

Report Text

Report is a text which presents information about something. as it is. It is as result of syematic observation and analyses. Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, teh plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.

Generic Structure Report text

1. Generic Clasification : a general statement explaining the subject of the report, its description and classification

2. Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion : in terms of parts qualities , habit or behaviors : This section usually provides an overview of the phenomena that occur: their parts, their characteristics, their habits, or their behavior. The point is the explanation of the classification presented scientifically

• Language Features Repot text

1. Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns eg our dog

2. Use of relating verbs to describe features. eg Molecules are tiny particles:

3. Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly:

4. Use of timeless present tense to indicate usulness. eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea.

5. Use of techincal terms. eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map:

6. Use paragrahps with topic senteces to organise bundles of information: repeated marning of the topic as the beiginning focus of the clause.

Structur descriptive text:

1. identification
part that introduces the object, person, place or event that will be described.
2. description
description digs deeper into the special features, properties, shape, color, size, and other characteristics of what is described in great

Language feature:

1. Specific participant

2. Using adjective

3. Using the simple present tense

4. Using Action verb
   
   Report text:
   Text that explains in detail an object through the results of observations, research or observations of various things or events. (which is factual)
   
   Structur report text:

1. general classification
contains basic information about the object.
2. description
depiction of the object being discussed in more detail.

Characteristics/Language feature of report text:

1. Explains various groups and not specific individuals

2. Using simple present tense

3. Use related verbs

4. Usually accompanied by pictures and statistical data
   

- Definition : A report text is a type of writing that presents information on a particular topic in a clear,

organized, and factual manner. It aims to inform and educate the reader about a specific subject,

often without expressing personal opinions.

- purpose : to provide accurate information and insight on a topic.

- Generic structure : 1. Introduction, 2. General classification, 3. Description, 4. Conclusion/ summary.

- Language features : 1. Objective tone : Report text are written in a formal and objective tone, avoiding personal opinions or emotions.

2. Factual information : Relies on accurate and verifiable information.

3. headings and subheadings : uses clear headings orsub heading to organize information.

Simply recount text is a text which retells event or experiences in the past.

Descriptive text

- Definition : a descriptive text is a type of writing that vividly portrays and descibe a person, place, object, or event.

- purpose : the primary purpose of a descriptive text is to evoke a sensory experience for the reader.

- Generic structure : 1. Introduction, 2. Main body/ Description, 3. conclusion.

- Language features :

1. Sensory language : Utilizes descriptive words and phrases that appeal to the senses

2. Adjectives and Adverbs: Uses descriptive words to provide more information

3. Concise and Specific Details

4. Organized Structure

5. Varying Sentence Structure: Uses a mix of sentence structures

6. Point of view

so, the conclusion is :

Report text describe objects in general, while descriptive text describe specific objects.

Report and descriptive text have a similar structure. Both provide a detailed explanation of something.

Definition : A report text is a type of writing that presents information on a particular topic in a clear,

organized, and factual manner.

Purpose : The primary purpose of a report text is to provide accurate information and insights on a topic.

Generic Structure:

1. Introduction.

2. General Classification.

3. Description.

4. Conclusion/Summary.

Language Features:

1. Objective Tone.

2. Factual Information.

3. Headings and Subheadings.

4. Use of Technical Terms.

5. Graphics and Visuals.

6. Concise and Clear Language.

7. Formal Structure.

GENERIC STRUCTURE:

·       Identification: about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be described.

·       Description: a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by decribing its features, forms, colors , or anything related to what the writer describe.

PURPOSE: to describe person ,object or thing in specific

Language Feature of Descriptive:

·       Specific object: ( we will see the object is unique ,the only one in the world)

Example: My cat, Planet Jupiter

·       Adjective: (give more understanding about what is being explained)

Example: a beautiful temple

·       Simple present tense

·       Action verb: (verb that indicate an activity)

Example: run ,sleep ,built, etc.

-REPORT TEXT: is a text that explain in detail or the result of observation of an object, which can be animal ,place ,events or anything in general and according to the condition of the object. (must be fact).

Structure:

·       General classification : is on the first paragraph, what will discuss general aspects related to the object to be written

·       Description : is on the second paragraph, that explain in detail about the topic ( example: the characteristic).

Language features :

·       Simple present tense ( cause maybe the events is from the past )

·       Logical connector ( conjunction )

THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN REPORT TEXT AND DESCRIPTIVE TEXT:

Descriptive is describe a specific object, while report text provides information related to general objects.

A. Definition:

A report text is a type of writing that presents information on a particular topic in a clear,

organized, and factual manner. It aims to inform and educate the reader about a specific subject,

often without expressing personal opinions.

B. Purpose:

The primary purpose of a report text is to provide accurate information and insights on a topic. It

serves to educate the reader, presenting facts, data, and details in an objective and structured

way.

C. Generic Structure:

1. Introduction

2. General Classification

3. Description

4. Conclusion/Summary

D. Language Features:

1. Objective Tone: Report texts are written in a formal and objective tone, avoiding personal

opinions or emotions.

2. Factual Information: Relies on accurate and verifiable information, often supported by

data, statistics, or research findings.

3. Headings and Subheadings: Uses clear headings and subheadings to organize

information and guide the reader through different sections of the report.

4. Use of Technical Terms: Includes specific terminology related to the subject matter,

ensuring precision and clarity in communication.

5. Graphics and Visuals: May incorporate charts, graphs, tables, or images to enhance

understanding and illustrate key points.

6. Concise and Clear Language: Strives for clarity and simplicity in expression, avoiding

unnecessary complexity or ambiguity.

7. Formal Structure: Follows a formal structure with a logical flow, making it easy for the

reader to navigate and comprehend the information.

Report text’s language features

1. General nouns

Report texts often contain general nouns because they aim to provide objective and factual information about a broad subject rather than focusing on specific details or personal experiences.

2. Present Tense

Report texts typically use the present tense because they aim to provide general, factual information about a subject that is considered to be true or relevant now and in the future.

Report text’s structure

1. General Classification

This section introduces the subject and provides an overall classification or categorization.

2. Description

The Description section offers more detailed information about the subject, covering its features, characteristics, functions, or any other relevant aspects.

Descriptive Text:

Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

Structure of Descriptive Text:

1. Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be described.)

2. Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by decribing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.

Purpose of descriptive text:

1. to describe person, thing or place in specific

2. ⁠to describe a particular person, thing or place