102 Ethnic Instruments - DO NOT COPY AND PASTE DIRECTLY FROM ONLINE SOURCES by Herman

Sitar by Mr Herman (1) and Mdm Lim (99)

nhhs1 — 2020-02-13 03:38:17 UTC

This my draft about the Sitar. This my draft about the Sitar.

Title: Koto by Li Shan (15) and Xin Yi(16)

2020-02-14 11:34:03 UTC

The Koto is a traditional Japanese stringed musical instrument it originated from the, the Chinese Guzheng but developed its own tradition in Japan since the 8th century and it is similar to the Mongolian Yatga.

The Japanese koto belongs to the Asian zither family that also comprises the Chinese Zheng (ancestral to the other zithers in the family), the Korean gayageum, and the Vietnamese dan tranh.

The instrument was originally used for court music. Thereafter, it came to be played by Buddhist monks, and eventually, reached the general populous.

The koto is played by plucking the strings with the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand, which are fitted with ivory plectrums called tsume.

The koto is comprised of 13 silk strings (although today, synthetic strings are used), which are stretched across a body made of hollowed out Paulownia wood.

The wood is also cut into two patterns, itame (also called mokume), which has a swirling pattern, or straight lined masame.

The straight lined pattern is easier to manufacture, so the swirl raises the cost of production therefore is reserved for decorative and elegant models.

The body of a traditional koto is made of a wood called kiri and their bridges and stings are made of plastic.

A average koto costs about $1000.

As tradition starts fading away, it is important to protect and pass down the heritage to rest of the generations.

Check out a modern Koto performance here! :

The Djembe by Isaac Lai (28) and Keane Tan(26)

2020-02-15 04:28:58 UTC

A djembe is a rope-tuned skin-covered goblet drum played with bare hands, originally from West Africa.

According to the Bambara people in Mali, the name of the djembe comes from the saying "Anke djé, anke bé" which translates to "everyone gather together in peace" and defines the drum's purpose.

This goblet-shaped drum is traditionally carved from a single piece of African hardwood and topped with an animal skin as a drumhead.

The djembe (pronounced JEM-bay) is one of the most versatile and widespread percussion instruments on the planet.
The djembe drum is said to have been invented in the 12th Century by the Mandinke tribe in what is now Mali, in West Africa.

It has been played by West Africans for generations forming an integral part of ritualistic life in Mali, Guinea, Senegal and other neighbouring West African countries.

It's price ranges from $16 to $1000 if you buy online
https://youtu.be/g4xXiKq8S0A
https://youtu.be/aLeede5z1vQ

The Tabla by Shu Changrui(33) and Teng Ze Xing(34) and Yun Feng(310

2020-02-15 06:04:35 UTC

The tabla is an instrument in the drum and percussion instrument family. It is also a membranophone percussion and originates from the indian subcontinent. It consists of a pair of drums and is used in traditional, classic, popular and folk music.
The tabla consists of two single-headed, barrel-shaped small drums of slightly different size and shape which are the daya and the baya tabla. The daya tabla is played by the musician's right hand and is about 15 in diameter and 25 cm high. . The baya tabla is a bit bigger and deep kettledrum shaped, about 20 centimetres in diameter and 25cm in height. They are made of clay or brass or hollowed out wood. The daya drum is laced with hoops, thongs and wooden dowels on its sides. The dowels and hoops are used to tighten the tension of the membrane. The daya is tuned to the ground note of the raga called Sa.The baya construction and tuning is about a fifth to an octave below that of the daya drum. The musician uses his hand's heel pressure to change the pitch and tone colour of each drum during a performance.
The tabla playing technique is very complex and involves extensive use of he fingers and palms in various configurations to create a wide variety of different sounds and rhythms. The tabla is played in two ways in the Hindustani style : band bol and khula bol. n the sense of classical music it is termed "tali" and khali. t is one of the main qawali instrument used by Sufi musicians of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India.The tabla is also an important instrument in the bhakti devotional traditions of Hinduism and Sikhism, such as during bhajan and kirtan singing.
The average tabla price ranges from $100 to $300, while the high quality tablas cost from $500 to $960.

The Shime-daiko by Ashley Neo(4) and Anna Chen(5)

2020-02-15 06:51:14 UTC

The shime-daiko is a small japanese drum with a short but wide body. It has animal skin drum heads on both its upper and bottom sides. The shime-daiko is used in various Japanese music ensembles, from nagauta, hayashi, taiko, to folk music, or min’yō ensembles.

Like the larger japanese percussion drums, the shime-daiko is played with two sticks called "bachi", while it's suspended on a stand.

The shime-daiko is part of a broad range of percussion instruments called the taiko. Ancient people in the Jyomon era already used drums as a communication tool or an instrument for religious rituals.

Shime-daiko are small high pitched drums with heads sewn onto steel rings and tightened onto the body with rope. The heads are made in different thickness. The thicker and heavier skins can be pulled tighter and to a higher pitch.

Historical records suggest that taiko were introduced to Japan through Korean and Chinese cultural influence as early as the 6th century CE.

Guzheng by Wang Jixuan(21) and Lee Jing Shi(10)

2020-02-15 07:20:05 UTC

Xu Zhengao and Wang Xunzhi made the first 21 string guzheng after two years of research and development in 1961.They also invented the “S-shaped” left string rest, which quickly became popular by all guzheng makers and it is still used today.

The guzheng, or the Chinese zither is made out of a large, resonant soundboard made from Paulownia. Other components are often made from other woods for structural or decorative reasons. Guzheng players often wear finger picks on four of their fingers made from materials such as plastic, resin, tortoiseshell, or ivory on one or both hands. Ancient picks were made of ivory and later also from tortoise shells.

The modern guzheng usually has 21 strings and movable bridges.

The guzheng originated from China, and it is the ancestor of several other Asian types of zither instruments. Its descendants spread all over Asia, such as the Koto in Japan, the Kayagum in Korea and the Dan Tranh in Vietnam.

The guzheng has a long history. It is believed to have been invented during the Qin

Dynasty(897-221 BC). The oldest guzheng had 13 strings and was dated to around 500 BCE.

The guzheng is played by picking or plucking the strings with the right hand, and pushing or pulling the strings with the left hand to change the pitch and create vibrato. The guzheng’s pentatonic scale is tuned to Do, Re, Mi, So and La, but Fa and Ti can also be produced by pressing the strings to the left of the bridges.

An average guzheng is not as heavy as u think it is(the guzheng weighs around 20-30 pounds), and it generally costs around SGD$140.

The guzheng is not only used for playing traditional Chinese music, but also for playing popular songs that we know today.

Kalimba by Ang Wei Lin (3) and Joyce Lai(9)

2020-02-16 03:05:20 UTC

The kalimba is also known as a thumb piano,and its body is usually made of wood or gourd, and there are many tongue-shaped elastic metal strips with different lengths.

It is a traditional instrument which originated from Africa

Kalimba is the name given to this instrument by Kenya

The first kalimbas ,created completely out of plant materials such as bamboo,were made about 3000 years ago in west Africa.Then around 1300 years ago,someone got the bright idea to make Kalimba tines out of metal.Since Kalimbas made out of plants does not sustain for very long and the Africans were quite skilled at smelting and fashioning iron,metal lined kalimbas were started to be made shortly after people started to use iron.

The correct way of holding the kalimba is holding the side of Kalimba with our two hands and placing our thumbs on the tines. We can place the index finger gently on the side as support.

In playing the kalimba, fingernails play a crucial role. So, it is recommended to keep about 2-3mm long nails. We use the flesh at the fingertip to touch the tine first and slide the finger down quickly to use the nail to pluck the tine.

People use the kalimba for mostly personal entertainment, for example, dance music, storytelling, while singing, but they also use it in bira spirit possession ceremonies.

The length of the vibrating end of the tines determines the pitch, eg. a shorter key or tongue produces a higher pitch and a longer key or tongue produces a lower pitch.

The Ghatam by Yap Ho Wai(36) and Yau Qi Han (37)

2020-02-16 04:02:53 UTC

The ghatam is one of the most ancient percussion instruments of India. Ghatam is a large, narrow-mouthed earthenware water pot used as a percussion instrument in India. Unlike other Indian percussion instruments, such as the tabla and mridangam, the ghatam does not have a membrane over its mouth. Ghatam produce a distinctive metallic sound and are made in several sizes, each size having a different pitch. The pitch of the ghatam is unique and can be slightly modified by clay. Although the ghatam is the same shape as an ordinary Indian domestic clay pot, it is made specifically to be played as an instrument. The tone of the pot must be good and the walls should be of even thickness to produce an even tone As used in Karnatak music, the ghatam is positioned with its mouth pressed against the player’s stomach. The player taps the surface of the ghatam with the fingers and the base of the palm and changes the pitch and resonance of the instrument by varying the pressure of the pot against the stomach. The ghatam is usually found in folk music, but it has also become popular in classical music genres. I Ghatams are mostly manufactured in Manamadurai, a place near Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Though this instrument is manufactured in other places like Chennai and Bangalore, too, Manamadurai ghatam have special tonal quality. It is believed that the mud is of special quality. The Manamadurai ghatam is a heavy, thick pot with tiny shards of brass mixed into the clay. Similar instruments are gharaha of Punjab and malcta of Gujarat. Although there are many clay pots that have been used as instruments all over the world throughout history, none have maintained the popularity and sophistication of the ghatam. Ghatam meaning comes from the word ghata in Sanskrit, meaning pot. The ghatam as an instrument was first described by Sage Valmiki in the ancient poem Ramayana, dated roughly 500 CE. The sound the ghatam makes when played has been described in several other Sanskrit texts on rhythm and music, including the Tamil text Silappatikaram from around the same period of time. It is thought that the first ghatams may have had skins covering the opening, making them an idiophone and a membranophone, but since the folk music practices of the 6th century to now, the ghatam has not had a membrane stretched across the mouth of the instrument. The ghatam began as a folk instrument in several parts of India and remains a prominent part of many folk traditions today, particularly in Punjab. It wasn’t until the 19th century that the ghatam was included in South Indian Carnatic classical music performances. In the 1800s, Polagam Chidambaram Iyer was said to have been the first concert ghatam vidvan (a master of one's art), introducing the folk instrument to Carnatic concerts. Years later, Palani Krishna Iyer is said to have developed rhythm patterns and playing techniques specific to the ghatam. However, tabla techniques are still used by some contemporary ghatam players.. However, over the last 50 to 100 years the ghatam has gained increasing popularity, becoming a more prominent solo instrument, as well. In addition to traditional and classical Indian music, the ghatam is finding popularity abroad. In the last few decades, this unique percussion instrument has become prominent in many world fusion genres, as well as rock and jazz music
A Ghatam cost about $54.50

The kayagum by Lee Yao cheng(29) and Kenneth Lee(27)

2020-02-16 07:45:08 UTC

Kayagum is one of the unique national musical instruments. It originates from Kaya Kingdom (a feudal minor state which existed in Korea from mid-1st century to mid-6th century), so was called kayagum.. It is a Korean board zither with 12 silk strings, 12 movable bridges, and a convex upper surface. Fashioned from paulownia wood, it forms a rectangle about 160 cm (62 inches) long and 30 cm (12 inches) wide.The player, who is seated on the floor, places one end of the instrument on the right knee while the other end rests on the floor. The strings are plucked to the right of the bridges with the thumb and first three fingers of the right hand, and the left hand presses down or pulls on the strings to the left of the bridges, producing microtonal ornamentations of pitch and the wide vibrato typically found in Korean music.Known as the national instrument of Korea, the kayagŭm is played in many vocal and instrumental genres, often accompanied by the changgo drum. There are three variant types of kayagŭm, all associated with particular types of music—pungnyu kayagŭm for court and classical ensemble music, sanjo kayagŭm for folk and virtuosic music (such as sanjo, the music genre for which it is named), and “improved” kayagŭm for modern compositions

erhu by ang kae shyan (1) and joey shi wen li (19)

2020-02-17 09:10:38 UTC

Description of erhu - the erhu is a 2 stringed bowed instrument, more specifically a spiked fiddle. Its lowest note is “middle D” and the

highest note is A

How old is it - it has a history of over 4000 years

What - the erhu is a type of violin and it belongs in the “huqin” family and it is said to be from the tang dynasty

The process of developing the instrument - The erhu is evolved from the xiqin and it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu in the modern chinese orchestra

When was it used - the use of the erhu as a solo instrument begin in the 2000s

Interesting facts

Particularly fine Erhus are often made of pieces of old furniture.A typical erhu measures 81cm from top to bottom,the length of the bow also being 81cm

Erhus are one of China’s most popular instruments :)

2020-02-17 09:16:50 UTC

Komungo by Darius Lay Ye Heng and Frank

2020-02-17 09:24:05 UTC

The komungo or spelled as geomungo which is also known as Kum is a korean long board that originated in the 7th century in the northern part of the country Koguryo which is a huge kingdom.The komungo length is about 150 cm long and has three movable bridges[ is a device that supports the strings on a stringed musical instrument.The right end of the instrument is supported by the performers knees.A thin piece of bamboo is used to pluck the strings of the instrument.Meanwhile,the other hand not holding the thin piece of bamboo presses on the strings to make different pitches and stronger and richer tones. The kumongo usually plays an ornamented melody.in the past komungos usually has six string.There is even an electric. Komungo.https://youtu.be/CjRxOTV-IDg

komungo by Frank Mu (32)

2020-02-18 10:09:14 UTC

The komungo or sometimes known as geomungo or kum is a korean long board that originated in the 7th century by korean musician Wang San-ak in the northern part of the country Koguryo which is a huge kingdom.The komungo length is about 150cm (5 feet) long and has three movable bridges (is a device that supports the strings on a stringed musical instrument) and 6 silk strings. The right end of the instrument is supported by the performers knees.A thin piece of bamboo is used to pluck the strings of the instrument.Meanwhile,the other hand not holding the thin piece of bamboo presses on the strings to make different pitches and stronger and richer tones. The kumongo usually plays an ornamented melody.
FUN FACT: the komungo is also related to the chinese guzheng, the japanese koto and the korean kayagum too!
https://youtu.be/MkHmUaGv8JM

Tanso by Mo Wen Xuan (14)

2020-02-18 10:43:14 UTC

The danso is a Korean notched, end-blown vertical bamboo flute used in Korean folk music. It is traditionally made of bamboo, but since the 20th century it has also been made of plastic. It is imported from china in 19th century, where it is called duanxiao: 短箫; : 短簫: duǎnxiāo; literally: 'short xiao'^[1]. The Korean name is just the transliteration of the chinese one, a short variant of the xiao.

The instrument is derived from the Chinese xiao and is used as an educational tool in Korean primary schools, much like the recorder is used in western nations.

The flute has four finger holes and one thumb hole at the back. The playing range is two octaves, going from low G to high G. The lower sounds are made by just blowing, whereas the higher ones are made by difference in the strength of the blowing.

The dan in the instrument's name means "short," and so refers to the notched, end-blown vertical bamboo flute. Another Korean end-blown vertical bamboo flute, the tungso, is longer

Yangqin by Peng Wanqing and Seah Wen Xuan Mandy

2020-02-18 11:13:09 UTC

Yangqin was introduced in the 17th century to south coastal China through trade with the Middle East. The yangqin is modeled on the Persian sanṭūr, a hammered dulcimer of Iranian or Mesopotamian origins. The yangqin has become a popular member of Chinese chamber and orchestral ensembles.

The hammers of the yangqin are made of flexible bamboo, and one end is half covered by rubber. Due to their unique construction, there are two ways to play: with the rubber side for a softer sound, and with the bamboo side for a crisper, more percussive sound.

A modern yangqin usually has 144 strings. There are five strings for each pitch in order to boost the sound volume. The strings of varying thickness are secured by screws at one end and by tuning pegs at the other. These pegs and screws are then covered by a board when being played.

A yangqin usually cost over a thousand dollars, the cheapest one at $1200 dollars. The yangqin is a big instrument that is put on a sturdy frame usually made of metal or wood.

Gambang-by Alyson(1) and Xu Feng(23)

2020-02-18 12:02:27 UTC

A gambang, properly called a gambang kayu is a xylophone-like instrument used among peoples of Indonesia and the southern Phillipines .A pair of long thin mallets (tabuh), made of flexible water baffulo horn tipped with felt, are used to play the instrument.

Saron by Rychelle(8) and Lervia(11)

2020-02-18 12:15:44 UTC

The Saron originated from indonesia . It is usually about 20 cm high and played on the floor by a performer that is seated . The earliest known appearance of a Saron is in a relief at borobudur , in the 19th century . The Saron is normally used in the gamelan . Sarons come in three sizes: small (called saron panerus or, usually in short: peking); medium (called saron barung, usually referred to as saron; and large (called saron demung, usually referred to as demung). Sarons are played with a large hammer made of wood.consists of seven keys made of a bronze alloy used for all metal sounding components of the gamelan, mounted on a wooden trough-like basis. The damping is done by grasping the key by its edge . This would take some effort as the key is weighty and will keep vibrating . One can also mute a key while striking it, which produces a distinct thud.

Compared to western mallets , the hammer for the saron heavier . Because the keys are thick , weighty and heavy, which makes it difficult to play fast, especially when the intervals are larger. Also, as mentioned in the above paragraph , the muting with the left hand takes some time.

The compass of a saron is always the same , therefore the pelog variety presents a complete one-octave scale (1 2 3 4 5 6 7), while a saronslendro extends its range one note beyond the octave in both directions (6 1 2 3 5 6 ) .

Tanso by Leonardo(30)and WenXuan(14)

2020-02-18 12:37:00 UTC

The Tanso(Tan-so),is a popular Korean wind instrument ."Tan" means short and "so" is a generic term for wind instruments.
At first, it was made of bamboo, but now it is made of synthetic resin as a result of several innovations.
Originally, it had 4 holes in the front, and one hole in the back.Local woodcutters favoured the Tanso's sound as it was especially clear when played.

i dont know how to paste a picture here,so if u want to see the old verssion of a tanso,copy this link ansd search
(https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=k7KBJwVZ&id=9EC85CB1C6197BD7AA8F7041A05D102077861273&thid=OIP.k7KBJwVZmLhzwvH0m_wsnAAAAA&mediaurl=http%3A%2F%2Fi.ebayimg.com%2Fimages%2Fg%2FELQAAOSwPe1T0Iiq%2Fs-l300.jpg&exph=300&expw=300&q=Tanso+instrument&simid=608018612416744625&selectedindex=6&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&sim=11)
Now,the newly innovated Tanso has only 3 holes in the front body,and a half tome device and a key for correcting sounds.It came to be able to play any musical compositions.
Tanso is played in solos, duets, as an accompaniment to vocal performances and orchestras.
(Sorry , but because this instrument is korean,i cannot find an english verssion of learning how to play it,but i can find a video of some dude playing it)
heres the link:https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=%e7%9f%ad%e7%ae%ab&&view=detail&mid=06373FABF8E297B3B6A506373FABF8E297B3B6A5&&FORM=VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%25e7%259f%25ad%25e7%25ae%25ab%26FORM%3DHDRSC3

if u cant get into the link, heres another video for u
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av19133787/

Kora by Tng Zheng Xuan(35) and Manfred Goh(25)

2020-02-18 12:49:54 UTC

The Kora is made up of typically 21 strings and cow skinwith a long hardwood neck. The Kora is a Mandinka harp built from a large calabashcut in half. The cow skin is supported by two handles that run under it.
The sound of a Kora resembles that of a harp. However, when it is played as a traditional style, it sounds much closer to a flamenco guitar technique of both hands to pluck the strings in polyrhythmic patterns.
The Kora is used extensively in West Africa. It is developed in 1963 in Kuer Moussa(a Catholic monastery). Eric Charry, a historian of West African music, said that the instrument was originated in the late 18th century, during the era of the Gabu empire, which encompassed present-day Guinea Bissau, southern Senegal and the Gambia.
This string instrument is played with eleven strings by the left hand and ten by the right. Initially, the strings were traditionally made from thin strips of hide, for instance cow or antelope skin. In the present days, the strings are made from harp strings or nylon fishing, sometimes plaited together to create thicker strings.
Nowadays, increasingly, Koras are made with guitar machine heads instead of the traditional konso(leather rings). The advantage is that they are much easier to tune. The disadvantage is that this design limits the pitch of the instrument as string lenghts are more fixed and lighter strings are needed to lift it much more than a tone.
This instrument was first usedin the 16th century.

lyan goh(7) and Anthea Lim(12)

2020-02-18 14:10:51 UTC

Music pair work (sitar)
lyanSitar is an instrument that originated from India,during the 18th century by a fakir named Amir Khusruit. The sitar is a traditional and classical stringed instrument believed to have been invented in India around 700 years ago and was used in Hindustani classical music. It derives its distinctive timbre and resonance from sympathetic strings, bridge designs, a long hollow neck and a guard-shaped resonance chamber. It looks very similar to the tanpura, except that it has frets.
It typically measures about 1.2 metres (4 feet) in length, the sitar has a deep pear-shaped gourd body; a long, wide, hollow wooden neck; both front and side tuning pegs; and 20 arched movable frets. Its strings are metal; there are usually five melody strings, one or two drone strings used to accentuate the rhythm or pulse, and as many as 13 sympathetic strings beneath the frets in the neck that are tuned to the notes of the raga (melodic framework of the performance). The convex metal frets are tied along the neck, which enables them to be moved as needed. The sitar often has a resonating gourd under the pegbox end of the neck; this balances the weight of the instrument and helps support it when it is not being played.
Sitar, stringed instrument of the lute family that is popular in northern India.

The name 'sitar' was derived from the Persian words 'seh' and 'tar; which meant 'three strings' when it was translated to English.
Nowadays, sitars can have up to as many as 21 strings. It is played by plucking. There are different sitar groups (gharanas) including the Kharaj-pancham (seven strings), Gandhaar-pancham (six strings).

Biwa by Clarisse Tay(20) and Yang Shuyin(22)

2020-02-18 14:16:39 UTC

The biwa (琵琶) is a Japanese fretted lute with a short neck and is a string instrument with four or five strings.The instrument has a shallow,rounded back and a large,wedge-shaped spectrum called a bachi.
The biwa is often used in storytelling.It is the chosen instrument of Benten,goddess of music,eloquence,poetry and education in Japanese Buddhism.
The biwa is a plucked string instrument that was first popular in China and then spread throughout East Asia.It is said to have arrived in Japan from China during the Nara period(710-794 AD),and is even thought to have roots that trace back to Persia.

Shamisen by Clarice Tan (6)

2020-02-26 14:05:43 UTC

The Shamisen is traditional Japanese musical instrument. It has three strings and is played using a plectrum called a Bachi. The Shamisen has a very long and thin neck. It has a small square body and its strings are made of silk.

Zi_Qi — 2020-03-02 13:14:08 UTC

Zi_Qi — 2020-03-02 13:14:14 UTC

HeLlO h el l0

yan_anbei — 2020-03-05 11:00:13 UTC

Shamisen by Clarice Tan(6) and Megan Lye(13)

2020-03-06 10:07:43 UTC

The Shamisen is a traditional Japanese musical instrument with three strings.It originated in China and came to Japan through Okinawa which is the Southern Islands of Ryukyu.The instrument has a long and thin neck which is about 1 metre long, and is played using a plectrum called a Bachi. Its strings are woven of three different thicknesses of silk thread.
The Shamisen is usually played by the geisha's in Japan,who are female Japanese entertainers who are skilled at different Japanese arts.This instrument also plays a important role in Japanese theatre.

2020-03-11 12:21:29 UTC

the erhu is a 2 stringed bowed instrument, more specifically a spiked fiddle. Its lowest note is “middle D” and the highest note is A

HI GUYS!!!!!

wong_jun_jie_nicholas1_1 — 2021-06-03 01:10:59 UTC

my fav mix