https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7 Overview of special education policy. Please note, this timeline is not exhaustive. Information comes from: Yell, M. L. (2019). The law and special education (5th ed.). Pearson. en-us 2023-01-13 16:42:54 UTC 2025-06-15 10:47:58 UTC hello@padlet.com erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443817510 2023-01-13 16:48:39 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443817510 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443819022 Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled a child who was considered "weak minded" and couldn't benefit from instruction, bothered other children, made "unusual noises," and was unable to take care of themselves could be expelled from school (Yell, 2019).]]> 2023-01-13 16:50:02 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443819022 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443819843 2023-01-13 16:50:43 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443819843 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443821419 Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled a 5th grader could be expelled from public school because manifestations of his disability (e.g., drooling, facial contortions, speech problems) nauseated teachers and students, required too much time, and had a negative effect on school discipline (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 16:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443821419 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443822118 2023-01-13 16:52:50 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443822118 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443823921 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled segregation on the basis of unalterable traits (in this case, race) was unconstitutional; such segregation violated students' 14th amendment rights to equal protection under the law (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 16:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443823921 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443825038 Supreme Court of Illinois ruled that the state's compulsory attendance laws did not require states provide free public education for students who were considered "feeble minded" or "mentally deficient" (Yell, 2019).]]> 2023-01-13 16:55:28 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443825038 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443825679 2023-01-13 16:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443825679 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443826864 First federal law authorizing federal funds to assist states in educating [disadvantaged] students. Precursor of federal government providing federal money for the education of students with disabilities (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 16:57:04 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443826864 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443828388 2023-01-13 16:58:20 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443828388 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443829663 Provided funding to states to establish, continue, or improve programs for students with disabilities. First freestanding special education law; mandated students with disabilities be educated and receive special education and related services they needed to progress. "Toothless" in that there were no substantive rights (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 16:59:30 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443829663 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443831311 Applied precedent from Brown. Class action lawsuit settled before the U. S. District Court for the Eastern District of PA. Consent decree (settlement) stated that all students with intellectual disabilities between he ages of 6 and 21 be provided a free appropriate public education in a program similar to those provided to students without disabilities. ]]> 2023-01-13 17:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443831311 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443833270 Class action lawsuit that applied the precedent from Brown. Filed in the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia. Court ruled that school board must provide children with disabilities a public education and outlined procedures for labeling, placement, and exclusion of students with disabilities (Yell, 2019).]]> 2023-01-13 17:02:40 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443833270 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443857834 First federal civil rights law to protect rights of people with disabilities. Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities by any entity or agency receiving federal government money (Yell, 2019)]]> 2023-01-13 17:23:45 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443857834 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443860258 Often referred to as PL 94-142. Constitutes "the most significant increase in the role of the federal government in special education" (p. 44). Required states reciting federal money to provide a free appropriate public education to all eligible students with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21. Students' rights outlined in PL 94-142: (a) nondiscriminatory testing, evaluation, and placement procedures; (b) least restrictive environment; (c) procedural safeguards/due process, including parent involvement; (d) free education; and (e) appropriate education provided in accordance with the IEP (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 17:26:05 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443860258 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443862689 First U.S. Supreme Court case to rule on meaning of FAPE. Court ruled FAPE had been provided if: (a) the school complied with procedures laid out in PL 94-142 and (b) the IEP was "reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational benefit" (Rowley, pp. 206-207, as cited by Yell, 2019, p. 165). IEP must confer some educational benefit (Yell, 2019).]]> 2023-01-13 17:27:55 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443862689 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443863914 Reauthorization of PL 94-142. Renamed the legislation "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act." Also required individualized transition plans to be included on IEPs for students 16 years or older (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 17:28:59 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443863914 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443864299 2023-01-13 17:29:20 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443864299 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443865543 Reauthorization of ESEA. Held schools, districts, and states accountable for student achievement in math and reading, including students with disabilities. Mandated states include students with disabilities in accountability testing and close achievement gaps (Yell, 2019).]]> 2023-01-13 17:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443865543 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443866812 Amends to align with NCLB by emphasizing accountability for student performance and highly-qualified special education teachers (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 17:31:47 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443866812 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443867228 Reauthorization of NCLB. Got rid of NCLB's less popular provisions (e.g., accountability, adequate yearly progress). Students with disabilities still required to participate in statewide assessments (Yell, 2019). ]]> 2023-01-13 17:32:12 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443867228 erb762 https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443867472 U.S. Supreme Court clarified "educational benefit" standard from Rowley. The IEP must outline a program that is "reasonably calculated to enable a student to make progress in light of the child's circumstances" (Yell, 2019, p. 170). ]]> 2023-01-13 17:32:26 UTC https://padlet.com/erb762/kbtpej7j05jwjkz7/wish/2443867472