Desertification is a problem for several reasons:

1. *Loss of fertile land*: Desertification leads to the loss of land capable of supporting agriculture and food production.

2. *Loss of biodiversity*: Desertification leads to the loss of plants and animals that depend on fertile land.

3. Spread of pollution: Desertification leads to the death of many trees, which leads to increased pollution.

These reasons make desertification a major environmental, economic, and social problem that requires urgent attention.

A real example of the problem of desertification is what is happening in the arid desert of the Sahel region of Africa. This area was once fertile and supported agricultural and animal life, but due to climate change and unsustainable land use, it has turned into arid lands.

Ethaar Matar 1/4

Water scarcity refers to the lack of sufficient clean water available for drinking and daily use for millions of people around the world.

Why is it a problem?

1.Health Threat

2.Impact on Education.

3.Impact on Agriculture

Why is it a problem?

1. It threatens the lives of marine animals

2. It directly harms humans

3. It disrupts the environmental balance and climate

Examples of ocean pollution:

1. Plastic pollution

2. Chemical pollution

3. Noise pollution

4. Thermal pollution

Poverty

What is Poverty?

Poverty means that people don’t have enough money to meet their basic needs—like food, a safe home, education, and healthcare.

Why is it a Problem?

1. Hunger:

Millions of people go to bed hungry every night because they can’t afford enough food.

2. Lack of Education:

Many poor children leave school early because their families can’t pay for school supplies or fees.

3. Health Issues:

Poor families often can’t afford doctors, medicine, or hospitals.

4. Increased Crime:

Some people are forced to steal or b

eg just to survive.

خديجة سيد ١/١

Why is it a problem?

It causes natural disasters (floods, fires), melting ice, rising sea levels, and shortages of food and water.

Examples:

• Wildfires in Canada (2023)

• Drought and hunger in Africa

It is a problem because a lot of people around the world are suffering and dying from this, for example: South Asia.

Hanan Aldawood 1/3

What is it?

Human trafficking is when people are forced or tricked into labor or sexual exploitation.

Why is it a problem?

It violates human rights and harms victims physically and mentally.

Examples:

• Millions of people are trafficked worldwide.

• Children and women are often exploited for labor or sex.

• 27 million people are victims of trafficking.

Effects:

• Victims face trauma and abuse.

• It impacts social and economic stability.

A super-destructive weapon that uses nuclear energy (fission or fusion).

💥 One blast = whole city destroyed + radiation for years!

🚨 Why dangerous?

• Kills hundreds of thousands instantly.

• Radiation causes cancer & lasts for decades.

• Could lead to a “nuclear winter” ❄️ = cold, famine, global disaster.

📌 Example:

💥 Hiroshima & Nagasaki (1945)

200,000+ dead. Long-term suffering from radiation.

Plastic pollution is the build-up of plastic in the environment, harming wildlife, habitats, and humans. Plastics don't break down, turning into microplastics that pollute soil and water. Animals eat plastic, causing malnutrition and death. Microplastics can also enter the food chain, potentially affecting human health. Examples include the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and marine life mistaking plastic for food.

Global Issue: Climate Change

What is it?

Climate change is when the Earth gets hotter due to pollution from cars, factories, and burning fuels. It traps heat and changes the weather.

Why is it a problem?

It causes extreme heat, wildfires, floods, and harms animals and nature.

Example from Australia:

In 2019–2020, massive bushfires burned forests, destroyed homes, and killed millions of animals.

Nouf alkhozaim

What is it?

Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests, often to make way for agriculture, mining, urban development, or logging. Trees are cut down faster than they can grow back, leading to permanent loss of forest cover.

Why is it a problem?

Deforestation harms the environment in several ways:

• It contributes to climate change by increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

• It destroys the natural habitats of millions of species, leading to loss of biodiversity.

• It disrupts the water cycle, increasing the risk of floods and droughts.

• It affects the livelihoods of indigenous communities who depend on forests.

Examples:

• The Amazon Rainforest is being deforested at an alarming rate for cattle ranching and soy farming.

• In Indonesia, vast areas of rainforest have been cleared for palm oil plantations, threatening orangutan habitats.

• In Central Africa, forests are being cleared for timber and charcoal, contributing to regional instability and wildlife decline.

Child labor is when children are forced to work instead of going to school or enjoying their childhood. These jobs are often dangerous and exhausting, and many children work long hours for very little pay.

Why is it a problem?

Child labor stops children from getting an education and building a better future. It also puts their health and safety at risk. For example, in the Philippines, some children are forced to work in small-scale gold mines. They dive into muddy water to search for gold, risking their lives every day. In West Africa, children work on cocoa farms using sharp tools. In India, they make bricks under the hot sun, while in Bangladesh, some work long hours in garment factories for little money.

Why it matters

Children should be learning, playing, and dreaming not suffering in dangerous jobs. If we don’t protect their rights, we hurt the future of our world. Every child deserves safety, love, and education.

What can we do?

We can speak up about child labor, support fair trade products, and encourage laws that protect children. Even learning about the issue and sharing it with others is a step toward change.

Imagine you’re a cat, chilling in the sun. Suddenly, it’s way too hot. The weather is weird. One day it’s raining nonstop, the next day it’s burning hot. That’s what climate change is — the Earth is getting warmer because of pollution, and it’s messing up the weather for everyone (even us cool cats!).

Why is it a problem?

Cats love comfort. But climate change causes:

• Too much heat — not fun for furry creatures.

• Floods — wet paws are the worst.

• Forest fires — no trees to climb or shade to nap under.

• Ice melting — polar bears (our big cousins) are losing their homes!
  It’s dangerous for animals, humans, and the whole planet.

Examples:

• In Australia, fires burned forests — cats had to run from flames.

• In Bangladesh, floods made cats swim (we hate swimming!).

• In the Arctic, ice is melting — no place to nap for polar cats (aka polar bears).

• In cities, it’s hotter — cats are looking for shade, water, and cooler places.

Final :

Climate change isn’t just a human problem — it’s a global cat-astrophe! We need to take care of our planet so cats (and everyone else) can nap in peace.

•• what happened after it?

In the aftermath of World War I, radical political, cultural, economic, and social changes occurred across Eurasia and Africa and even in regions outside those countries that were directly involved.

••• examples of rhe problems:

Four empires collapsed due to war, old states were abolished and new ones were formed in their place, borders were redrawn, international organizations were established, and many new and old ideologies took root in the minds of the people.

More than nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, and it is also considered a contributing factor in a number of genocides and the Spanish flu of 1918, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths.

Main causes of global warming:

• Burning fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas)

• Deforestation

• Industrial and agricultural activities

Its effects are serious, including:

• Melting of polar ice

• Rising sea levels

• Changes in weather patterns

• Increase in natural disasters

1. What is it?

Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes because of war, violence, or danger. They move to other countries to find safety and a better life.

2. Why is it a problem?

Millions of refugees lose their homes, jobs, and families. They often live in poor conditions and don’t have access to food, education, or healthcare. Some countries don’t accept refugees, which makes their lives even harder.

3. Examples and Pictures:

• Syrian and Palestinian refugees had to leave their homes because of war.

• Refugee children may not go to school or get enough food.

• Refugee camps are often overcrowded and lack basic needs.

Why is it a problem?

Because it causes:

•Ice melting

•Forest fires

•Floods

•Less rain and farming problems

What are some examples?

•Big fires in Australia because of hot weather

•Drought in Africa (no rain, no water)

•In Saudi Arabia, the weather is much hotter now

How can we help or fix it?

We can:

•Use fewer cars

•Plant more

•Use solar energy instead of normal electricity

Poverty is when people don’t have enough money to meet their basic needs like food, clean water, shelter, and education. It affects people’s health, future, and quality of life.

2. Why is it a problem?

Poverty causes hunger, sickness, and lack of education. Poor families can’t afford medicine or school for their children. It also leads to unemployment and homelessness, making life very hard for millions of people.

3. Examples and Pictures:

• In some African and Asian countries, many families live in extreme poverty.

• Children in poor areas may work instead of going to school.

• Some people live in small, unsafe houses without clean water or electricity.

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas). These activities increase greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere, trapping heat and warming the planet.

Why Dangerous ?

1. Natural Disasters – Causes more floods, droughts, and hurricanes.

2. Sea Level Rise – Threatens coastal cities with flooding.

3. Food and Water Shortage – Damages crops and reduces water supply.

4. Disease Spread – Increases diseases like malaria and dengue.

5. Loss of Wildlife – Leads to extinction and loss of biodiversity.

Example :

Australian Bushfires (2019–2020):

Extreme heat and drought caused massive wildfires in Australia. Over 18 million hectares burned, and many animals and people were affected. It shows how climate change increases the risk of natural disasters.

haya fadi

What is it?

Poverty means people don’t have enough money.

Why is it a problem?

• They can’t buy food.

• They don’t have a house or school.

• Their life is hard and dangerous.

Examples:

1. Children in Africa don’t have enough food.

2. People in India sleep on the street.

Global warming refers to the increase in the planet's overall average temperature in recent decades.

Why is the “global warming” a problem?🤕

Humans are feeling the impact of global warming around the world as climate change brings intense droughts, wildfires and extreme storms🌪️.

Examples:

1- Rising sea levels 🌊

2- Changing weather 🌦️

3- Wildfires 🔥

4- Shrinking glaciers 🌌

Lama alrobah

1/4

A gradual increase in Earth's temperatu-re caused by greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, etc.)

How it Happens:

These gases allow sunlight to enter but trap the heat reflected from Earth, increasing the planet's temperature.

Results:

Melting ice, rising sea levels, changes in extreme weather patterns (droughts, floods, storms), and negative impacts on ecosystems, food, and health.

Solutions:

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., transitioning to renewable energy) and adapting to current climate changes.

Why dangerous?

🌊Rising sea levels

🔥Extreme heat

Drought

Example:

Melting glaciers

🔥Wildfires

Severe droughts

شام المدني

Hunger means not having enough food to eat .Many people in poor countries are hungry every day .They don't have money to buy food

Why is it ?

a problem Hunger is a big problem because people get weak .Children can't grow or study well without food .It also causes death in many places

Examples

In Africa and Asia, many families don't eat enough .Some people eat only one small meal a day

Global warming refers to the increase in the planet's overall average temperature in recent decades. Natural processes have always affected Earth's temperature and climate, but more recently, the planet's temperature and climate have changed at a higher pace than nature alone can explain

Why it’s a problem?

Changes in the climate and increases in extreme weather events are among the reasons behind a global rise in hunger and poor nutrition. Fisheries, crops, and livestock may be destroyed or become less productive.

For example:

It was happening in Riyadh and the Kingdom in general, and that is why the Green Riyadh project was established in tropical cities.

Done ✅

What is global warming?

Global warming is when the Earth gets hotter because pollution traps heat from the sun.

Why is global warming a problem?

• It causes very hot days that can make people sick.

• It melts ice at the North and South Poles, which makes the sea level rise.

• It changes the weather, causing floods, storms, and droughts.

• Animals and plants can lose their homes because of these changes.

Examples:

• In India, many people got very sick and some died from the heat.

• In Australia, big wildfires burned many forests.

• Ice in the Arctic is melting fast, and some islands may flood.

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‏Poverty means not having enough money for basic needs like food, clean water, shelter, clothes, healthcare, and education. People in poverty struggle to survive and have few chances to improve their lives.

Why is Poverty a Problem?

1. :Lack of Basic Needs
   Poor people often go hungry and lack clean water.
   Example: Children may sleep hungry.

2. :No Education
   Families can’t afford school.
   Example: Some girls drop out to help at home.

3. :Poor Health
   No money for doctors or medicine.
   Example: Diseases spread in crowded, dirty areas.

   
   

   
   

   :Examples

Syria – Refugees and Poverty

War forced millions to flee their homes. Refugees often live in camps with limited food, education, or jobs.

Example: Syrian families in refugee camps in

Jordan or Lebanon struggle to survive on aid

Sub-Saharan Africa – Hunger and Malnutrition

In many African countries like Somalia or South Sudan, children suffer from malnutrition because families don’t have enough food or clean water.

Example: In 2023, over 2 million children in Somalia were at risk of starvation due to drought and poverty

What is it?

Climate change means the Earth is getting hotter because of pollution from cars, factories, and cutting down trees.

Why is it dangerous?

It causes bad weather like floods, fires, and storms. It also melts ice, makes sea levels rise, and harms animals and people.

Example:

In 2023, wildfires in Canada spread fast and caused smoke in many other countries.

١/١

Poverty

Poverty is when a person cannot meet their basic needs like food, shelter, education, and healthcare.

2. Why is it a problem?

Poverty affects millions of people. Children cannot go to school, families don’t have enough food, and many suffer from poor health.

3. Example:

In some African countries, people live on less than one dollar a day. They cannot buy food or medicine, and many children die from hunger and malnutrition.

It kills people,makes them sick,some countries can’t even afford clean water.

An example of this is an Arab country, Egypt🇪🇬.

Unfortunately Egypt has lots of different classes, and poverty spreads even more in Egypt due to unemployment,and having a huge number of population with not enough opportunities,places and jops for the people.

Climate change means a long-term shift in temperatures and weather patterns. It’s mainly caused by human activities, like burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), which release harmful gases into the air. 🌫️

Why is it a problem?

1. Melting Ice & Rising Sea Levels 🌊
   Ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is melting fast, causing sea levels to rise and flooding cities like Venice and the Maldives.

2. Wildfires 🔥
   High temperatures dry out forests, making wildfires more frequent and dangerous, especially in places like Australia and California.

Top Solutions to Climate Change

1. Switch to Renewable Energy

2. 🚲 Reduce Car Emissions

3. 🌳 Plant More Trees & Protect Forests

4. ♻️ Reduce Waste & Recycle

Climate Change

🌡️ What is it?

Climate change means rising temperatures and weather changes caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels.

❗ Why is it a problem?

• Ice is melting → Sea levels rise and flood cities (like Bangladesh).

• More natural disasters → Fires, floods, storms (like in Australia).

• Less food and water → Droughts hurt farming.

• Animals are in danger → Like polar bears losing their ice habitat.

🌪️

Example: Australia Bushfires (2019–2020)

During the summer of 2019–2020, Australia faced massive wildfires due to high temperatures and drought—both made worse by climate change.

Fay Alissa

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What is it?

• Air pollution means dirty air.

• It happens when smoke, dust, or bad gases go into the air.

• Cars, factories, and fires make the air dirty.

Why is it a problem?

• It makes people sick.

• It is bad for the earth.

• It makes it hard to breathe.

• It can kill animals and plants.

Examples:

• Big cities like New Delhi or Beijing have a lot of air pollution.

• Factories make black smoke.

• Cars make gas that pollutes the air.

ريناد الاسمري

• It affects the air, water, and land.

• It harms humans, animals, and the environment.

2. Types of Pollution

🌫️ Air Pollution

• Caused by cars, factories, and smoke.

• Leads to breathing problems and global warming.

🌊 Water Pollution

• Caused by garbage, chemicals, and oil in oceans and rivers.

• Kills fish and harms people who drink dirty water.

🗑️ Land Pollution

• Caused by plastic, trash, and waste.

• Makes the earth dirty and unhealthy.

3. Causes of Pollution

• Overuse of cars and factories.

• Throwing trash in nature.

• Cutting trees and not recycling.

4. Effects of Pollution

• Health problems: asthma, cancer.

• Destroys nature and animals.

• Climate change and natural disasters.

5. Solutions

• Use public transport.

• Recycle plastic, paper, and metal.

• Plant trees.

• Educate people about pollution.

6. Conclusion

• Pollution is dangerous but we can stop it.

• Small actions make a big difference.

• Let’s protect our planet together! 🌱

⸻

🖼️ Ideas for PowerPoint Slides:

1. Title slide with a picture of pollution

2. Types of pollution (with 3 pictures)

3. Causes – simple list with icons

4. Effects – use emojis or graphics

5. Solutions – green and happy tone

6. Conclusion – “Let’s save the Earth!”

غصون الغصن

For example,

wildfires in California

and

melting ice in the Arctic

have caused great damage. It also affects farming and can lead to food shortages.

دانا الشهراني

Climate change means the Earth’s temperature is rising because of pollution, like carbon dioxide from cars and factories. This causes weather changes around the world.

Why is it a problem?

• Hotter temperatures cause droughts 🌵 and wildfires 🔥

• Melting ice in the Arctic leads to rising sea levels 🌊

• Stronger storms like hurricanes damage homes 🌀

Example:

In 2023, wildfires in Canada burned millions of acres, and smoke even reached the U.S.

Sultanah Abalkhail

It is the lack of basic needs for living. It is a problem because it causes hunger, disease, and prevents progress

Poor countries like

Niger

Palestine

What is it?

Environment pollution means the air, water, or land becomes dirty because of bad things like smoke, plastic

Why is it a problem?

It hurts people, animals, and plants. For example:

• Air pollution makes it hard to breathe.

• Water pollution kills fish and sea animals.

How can we help?

• Don’t throw trash on the ground.

• Use less plastic.

• Plant trees.

Example:

In some countries, people grow plants on rooftops to keep the air clean. In Japan, they recycle almost everything.

E-waste is the trash created from old or broken electronic devices like phones, computers, TVs, and batteries. When people throw away their devices, they often end up in landfills or get burned, releasing dangerous chemicals into the air, soil, and water.

Why is it a problem?

• Most electronics contain harmful materials like lead and mercury, which are toxic.

• E-waste causes pollution and harms the health of people who live near dumps.

• It affects poor countries the most, where e-waste from rich countries is dumped.

• We are wasting valuable parts like gold, copper, and aluminum that could be recycled.

Examples:

• In Ghana, there is a place called Agbogbloshie known as one of the world’s biggest e-waste dumps. Kids there burn old electronics to get metals, which is very dangerous.

• In India, people work with no protection to break old phones and computers, risking their health.

• نوره الضويحي ١/٣

Unemployment is a situation where a person is able and willing to work but cannot find a suitable job.

why is it a problem?

Unemployment is when a person willing and able to work cannot find a job. It is a problem because it causes loss of income, harms mental health and the economy, and increases poverty and crime.

examples:

1. Youth Unemployment: Graduates who can’t find jobs.

2. Structural Unemployment: Workers in outdated industries lose jobs due to new technology.

3. Seasonal Unemployment: Workers in agriculture or tourism work only during certain seasons.

4. Cyclical Unemployment: Increases during economic downturns like recessions.

The sea is a beautiful and important part of our planet. It provides us with food, oxygen, and a home for millions of marine animals. Unfortunately, many seas around the world are becoming dirty and polluted. This pollution comes from plastic waste, oil spills, chemicals, and garbage that people throw into the water.

A dirty sea is dangerous for fish, birds, and other sea creatures. Many animals die because they eat plastic or get caught in trash. Pollution also affects people. Dirty water can spread diseases and harm those who swim or fish in it.

We must work together to keep the sea clean. We can reduce plastic use, recycle, and never throw trash into the water. Governments and companies should also help by making laws to protect the sea and clean up pollution.

Saving the sea means saving life on Earth. Let’s all do our part to protect this precious gift of nature.

Example: The Amazon rainforest is getting smaller because of deforestation.

What is it?

Pollution means making the Earth dirty. It happens when people put harmful things in the air, water, and land

Why is it a problem?

Pollution is bad because it hurts people, animals, and nature. It can make people sick, kill animals, and damage the Earth.

For example, dirty air can cause asthma and lung problems. Trash in the ocean can kill fish and turtles.

Example:

In some big cities, the air is so dirty that people have to wear masks. In the ocean, plastic bottles and bags hurt sea animals.

The Willow Project is an oil drilling plan in Alaska by ConocoPhillips. It aims to produce 180,000 barrels of oil daily, creating jobs and reducing energy imports. However, it raises concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and harm to Arctic wildlife like polar bears. Balancing development with environmental protection is crucial.

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Explanation:

Dust pollution happens when tiny particles from soil and dirt float in the air. It can cause health problems like allergies and breathing difficulties. Dust storms reduce visibility and harm crops, making life harder for many people.

Why it is a problem:

Dust pollution affects the environment and people’s health by spreading diseases and damaging plants and animals.

Example:

In 2020, a big dust storm in Saudi caused poor air quality and many people had breathing problems.

ليان الزهراني

Environmental pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the air, water, or land. These pollutants can come from factories, cars, plastic waste, chemicals, and more. Pollution affects the natural balance of the Earth and harms both humans and animals.

Why is it a problem?

1. It causes serious health problems such as asthma, cancer, and lung disease.

2. It kills animals, birds, and marine life.

3. It makes the air and water unsafe for living things.

4. It leads to climate change and global warming.

   
   

Examples of environmental pollution:

• Air pollution from cars and factories.

• Water pollution from oil spills and plastic waste.

• Land pollution from garbage and chemical waste.

• Noise pollution from traffic and industries

  لامار بندر الشهري

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WHAT IS IT?

POVERTY MEANS THAT PEOPLE DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO MEET BASIC NEEDS LIKE

FOOD, CLEAN WATER, CLOTHES, A HOME, EDUCATION. AND HEALTH CARE

WHY IS IT A PROBLEM?

BECAUSE PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN POVERTY OFTEN SUFFER FROM HUNGER, GET SICK MORE, AND CAN'T GO TO SCHOOL OR GET JOBS. IT AFFECTS THEIR FUTURE AND THE FUTURE OF THEIR COUNTRIES.

EXAMPLES:

• IN SOME COUNTRIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA, MANY FAMILIES LIVE ON LESS THAN $2

A DAY.

• SOME CHILDREN WORK INSTEAD OF GOING TO SCHOOL BECAUSE THEIR FAMILIES ARE POOR.

• POOR FAMILIES MAY NOT GET CLEAN

WATER, WHICH CAUSES DISEASES.

Rama Al asmari

Melting glaciers and ice sheets contribute to rising sea levels, a significant issue related to climate change.

-Why is it a problem?🧊

•Loss of Habitats

Animals like polar bears and seals lose their ice-based homes.

•More powerful storm surges

Higher sea levels make hurricanes and typhoons much more destructive

-Examples about melting ice and rising seas🌊:

•Antarctica: The “Doomsday Glacier” (Thwaites Glacier) is melting fast and could raise sea levels significantly.

•Bangladesh: Millions of people face flooding and forced migration.

•Maldives & Kiribati: Tiny island nations that may disappear completely.

-How Can We Fix It🧊?

•Use clean energy (solar, wind, hydro)

•Support climate policies and international agreements (like the Paris Agreement).

•Forests absorb CO₂, which helps slow warming.

•Better predictions and understanding help us act faster and smarter.

Water is one of the most essential resources for life on Earth. It is needed for drinking, agriculture, industry, and maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, water pollution has become a serious environmental problem around the world.

Water pollution happens when harmful substances enter water bodies like rivers, lakes, oceans, or underground water sources. Common sources of pollution include industrial waste, sewage, agricultural chemicals like pesticides and fertilizers, and oil spills.

The effects of water pollution are dangerous and widespread. It harms human health by causing diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and poisoning. It also affects marine life, as many fish and aquatic animals die due to toxic substances, leading to imbalance in nature.

Moreover, polluted water affects agriculture by damaging crops and soil quality. It also increases the cost of treating water to make it safe for human use, which puts economic pressure on governments and communities.

Possible solutions include raising awareness, improving wastewater treatment systems, reducing the use of harmful chemicals, and enforcing environmental laws to protect water resources.

In conclusion, protecting water from pollution is a shared responsibility. Clean water is vital for life, and we must take action now to ensure a healthy future for the planet and future generations.

What are Earthquakes?

• Sudden, violent shaking of the ground

• Caused by movements of
  Earth's tectonic plates

Biggest Earthquakes in History

• 1960 Vaidivia earthquake, Chile

• 2004 Indian Ocean eathquake

• 2011 Tohoku earthquake,
  Japan

Why Do They Happen?

• Tectonic plates shift, releasing energy

• Occurs mainly at fauit lines, where plates meet

How to Stay Safe During an Earthquake

• Drop, cover and hold on

• Stay away from windows and heavy objects

• Have an emergency kit ready

Conclusion: Nature's Power and Human Preparedness

• Earthquakes are a powerful natural force

Najah 1/3

Soil pollution is a serious environmental problem affecting human health and the environment. It occurs when chemical substances or pollutants are released into the soil. The causes include industrial activity, agriculture, waste, and accidents. The effects include impacts on human health, plants, groundwater, and biodiversity. Prevention can be achieved through proper waste disposal and responsible use of pesticides and fertilizers

An example of soil pollution is the leakage of oil from underground fuel tanks into the surrounding soil. This leakage can contaminate the soil with harmful chemicals such as hydrocarbons, affecting human health, plants, and groundwater. This type of pollution can occur due to several reasons, such as:

- Corrosion of old fuel tanks

- Accidents during fuel transportation

- Leaks from fuel pipes

This type of pollution can have severe effects on the environment and public health, requiring cleanup and remediation efforts for the affected soil.

1. What is it?

Wars and conflicts happen when countries or groups fight using weapons. These fights may be about land, religion, politics, or power.

2. Why is it a problem?

Wars destroy cities and kill many innocent people. Families lose their homes, children lose access to school, and people are forced to become refugees. It also causes fear, sadness, and long-term suffering.

3. Examples :

•Wars in Africa and Ukraine also forced people to flee for safety.

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, especially the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm — a process often called the greenhouse effect.

🌡️ Why is it a Problem?

• Melting glaciers and rising sea levels

• Extreme weather like heatwaves, floods, and hurricanes

• Damage to wildlife habitats

• Risk to human health, agriculture, and water supply

🛑 What Causes It?

• Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil,gas)

• Deforestation

• Industrial activities

• Excessive waste and energy use

✅ How Can We Help Fix Global Warming?

1. Use clean energy – like solar and wind instead of coal and oil.

2. Plant more trees – they absorb carbon dioxide.

3. Save electricity – turn off lights and devices when not in use.

4. Drive less – walk, bike, or use public transport.

5. Recycle and reduce waste – less trash means less pollution.

6. Support green policies – vote for leaders who care about the planet.

(Every small action helps. If everyone does a little, it adds up to a lot. 🌱🌎)

What is it?

Poverty is a big global problem. It means that people do not have enough money to buy food, clothes, or a safe home. Poor people may also not go to school or get good healthcare.

Why it is problem?

Poverty is a problem because it makes life very hard. Children who live in poverty may be hungry or sick. Many people cannot find jobs, and some do not have clean water to drink.

What we can do?

To solve this problem, countries need to help each other. We can give food, build schools, and create jobs. Everyone should have a chance to live a good life.

Pollution is a big global problem. It means that the air, water, or land becomes dirty and unsafe. Pollution is caused by smoke from cars and factories, trash in the oceans, and using a lot of plastic.

Pollution is a problem because it makes people and animals sick. Dirty air can cause breathing problems. Dirty water can hurt fish and make people sick when they drink it. Trash in the ocean can kill sea animals.

To stop pollution, we need to keep the environment clean. We can recycle, use less plastic, and plant more trees. Everyone can help protect the Earth.

What is Pollution

1. Pollution is the introduction of substances or energy (such as light or

heat) into the natural environment in amounts or concentrations that

can be harmful for humans, animals, and plants.

2. Pollution can reduce the health of ecosystems by harming or even causing

death to the living things that call those ecosystems home. The negative

effects of pollution can range in severity depending on what the pollutant

is, the characteristics of the pollutant, and where the pollutant is located.

3. Pollution is most often composed of synthetic, or human-made substances

(like plastic, for example), although even natural substances like sediment,

nutrients, and carbon dioxide can become pollutants when they exceed a

particular level. If natural substances exceed healthy levels, however, it is

very likely the result of human activities.

4. The way in which pollution is categorized, studied, and managed depends

on what Earth system is affected. Parts of Earth’s systems that can be

affected by pollution include land, waterways (such as ground-water,

rivers, lakes, bays, and oceans), air, and climate.

What are some different types of pollution?

5. Water, air, and land pollution are three major categories of pollution.

Sometimes pollution is easy to detect and is obvious to see, like an oil

spill from a ship in the ocean. However, pollution can also be hard to see,

like in the case of many types of air pollution. Specific pollutants can

also contaminate more than one system at a time. For example, spilled

chemicals may contaminate soil at the spill site (land pollution), and rain

water may carry the chemicals and some of the contaminated soil into

waterways (water pollution).

6. Land pollution can be anything from litter on the streets to spilled

chemicals, such as gasoline in a gas station parking lot. A large portion

of land pollution comes from industrial waste, which is generated from

manufacturers or factories. It can also come from commercial waste

produced by businesses, such as plastic food wrappers.

7. Another common source of land pollution is solid waste, such as household

garbage. The garbage, or trash, that we generate includes things like food

packaging, food waste, personal care products, and other unwanted items.

8. Land pollution can become water or air pollution. In fact, most of the

pollution in the ocean comes from sources on land! One major way that

this happens is through runoff, when rain or wind washes pollutants off the

land and into storm drains or waterways. As the runoff travels, it picks up

any pollutants in its path like trash and chemicals. Once in storm drains,

the polluted runoff can then enter streams, rivers, and eventually bays andا

اعداد الطالبه الجازي الغانم

What is it?

When harmful materials enter the ocean like:

🛢️ Oil – 🧴 Plastic – ☠️ Chemicals

→ It threatens sea life and the environment.

🚨 Why dangerous?

• Kills millions of sea animals every year.

• Plastic enters the food chain = danger to humans.

• Pollutes beaches and hurts tourism & health.

📍 Example:

🧴 Over 5 trillion plastic pieces float in the oceans!

🪸 Turtles and fish die from eating or getting trapped in plastic.

مجد حجازي ٢/١

1. Harms people's health

2. Pollutes the air

3. Damages the environment

It can cause breathing problems, lung diseases, and other health issues. We need cleaner factories to protect our health and planet. 🫶🏻الطالبه : نوير فيصل العقيل

🔹 What is it?

Water scarcity means that many people in the world do not have enough clean water. Some people live in dry areas where there is very little rain. Others live in places where the water is dirty or not safe to drink.

In some countries, people have to walk for hours every day to find water. In other places, water comes from trucks only once or twice a week.

🔹 Why is it a problem?

Water is very important for life. We need it to drink, cook, wash, and grow food. When people don’t have clean water:

• They can get sick from dirty water.

• Farmers can’t grow vegetables and fruits, so there is less food.

• Children may stay home to help bring water, so they miss school.

• Animals and plants also suffer when there is no water.

  
  

🔹 Examples:

• In Africa, many families walk a long way to get a small amount of water.

• In India, some villages wait for water trucks to bring clean water.

• In Saudi Arabia, we use desalination to make sea water clean and drinkable.

ريتال القحطاني

What is it?

Plastic pollution means too much plastic waste ends up in oceans, rivers, and land. It doesn’t break down easily.

Why is it a problem?

• Hurts sea animals 🐢 (they eat or get stuck in plastic)

• Pollutes water and land 🌍

• Enters our food chain 🍴

Example:

Over 100,000 sea animals die each year from plastic in the ocean.

What is it?

On March 11, 2011, Japan was hit by a massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake, followed by a powerful tsunami. The waves reached heights of over 10 meters and destroyed towns, roads, and power plants. One of the most serious results was a nuclear disaster at the Fukushima power plant. Why is it a problem?

1. It killed over 15,000 people and injured thousands more.

2. It destroyed homes, schools, and hospitals.

3. It caused a major nuclear crisis, releasing dangerous radiation. Examples and impact:

• Whole towns like Sendai were flooded and destroyed.

• The Fukushima nuclear plant leaked radioactive material into the ocean and air.

• Many countries reviewed their nuclear safety policies after the event.

Climate change means the Earth’s weather is getting weird and extreme. It’s getting hotter, drier in some places, and storms are getting stronger. This is not natural it’s mostly caused by humans: factories releasing smoke, people cutting trees, and cars making harmful gases.

Why it is a problam?

Because the weather is not stable anymore, and every year it’s getting worse.

example:

The Earth is heating up, ice is melting, and sea levels are rising. Some islands like

Tuvalu might disappear completely.

Retal alaamri

It is a change in the Earth’s temperature and weather patterns caused by human activities, such as burning coal, oil, and gas. This leads to abnormal warming of the planet.

⸻

⚠️ Why is it a Serious Problem?

• Melting Ice:

Causes sea levels to rise, which threatens coastal cities with flooding.

• Extreme Weather:

Events like hurricanes, floods, and wildfires are becoming stronger and more frequent.

• Drought and Food Shortages:

High temperatures affect farming and cause food problems, especially in poor countries.

• Animal Extinction:

Some animals, like polar bears, are losing their natural habitats due to melting

Why are drugs a big issue?

Drug use costs the country more than

$740 billion each year in lost work, health care.

example:

1- Family disintegration.

2-high crime rate.

3-The spread of malignant diseases.

4- Impact on the economy of countries.

5-corruption of societies.

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground caused by movements inside the Earth. It can happen anytime and quickly destroy buildings and roads. Earthquakes cause loss of life and property and can lead to other disasters like tsunamis and fires. That’s why countries must always be prepared. One example is the Turkey earthquake in February 2023, which killed thousands and destroyed many buildings. Earthquakes remind us of nature’s power and the importance of working together during disasters.

What’s Happening in the Image?

In the image, we see a wildfire tearing through a forest, with thick black smoke rising into the sky. Simultaneously, there’s a flood rushing through the streets of a nearby town. The sky is painted in a haunting orange hue from the smoke and fire, while muddy water submerges roads, cars, and buildings. This is an example of compound natural disasters—when two or more disasters happen at the same time, making the situation much more dangerous and harder to manage.

Are These Natural Disasters?

1.

Wildfires

Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly through vegetation, forests, and even into communities. They’re often sparked by:

• Extreme heat or prolonged drought.

• Lightning strikes.

• Human activity like unattended campfires, cigarette butts, or arson.

Once started, wildfires feed off dry trees, leaves, and brush, spreading fast especially if there’s strong wind.

2.

Floods

Floods occur when water overflows onto normally dry land. They can be caused by:

• Heavy rainfall over a short period.

• Dam failures.

• Blocked drainage systems.

• Melting snow or ice.

• In some cases, like after a wildfire, soil can’t absorb water well anymore, which increases flood risk.

How Are They Connected?

Interestingly, wildfires can increase the risk of flooding. Here’s how:

• After a wildfire, the land becomes barren and water-repellent (a process called “hydrophobicity”).

• Without vegetation to absorb water, rainfall flows directly downhill, often carrying ash, debris, and mud, creating flash floods or mudslides.

So, it’s possible that the flood we see in the image is a result of the wildfire damage.

Causes Behind These Disasters

Both of these disasters are becoming more frequent and intense because of climate change. Here’s why:

• Rising temperatures lead to drier forests and hotter seasons, perfect conditions for wildfires.

• Increased evaporation and melting glaciers contribute to heavier rainfall and higher sea levels, leading to more flooding.

• Human development in risk-prone areas (like building homes near forests or rivers) also makes the impact worse.

Prevention & Protection Methods

To Prevent or Minimize Wildfires:

• Controlled burns: Carefully planned fires that reduce fuel buildup.

• Firebreaks: Strips of land cleared to stop fire spread.

• Public education: Teaching people not to leave fires unattended.

• Laws and regulations: Restrictions during dry seasons.

• Early detection systems: Cameras, drones, and satellites that detect smoke early.

To Prevent or Minimize Floods:

• Improved drainage systems in cities.

• Reforestation and preserving wetlands to absorb water.

• Flood barriers and levees around rivers and coasts.

• Smart land-use planning: Avoid building in flood-prone zones.

• Rainwater harvesting and storage.

Risk Management:

• Governments and emergency agencies must prepare for compound disasters.

• Communities should have emergency plans, early warning systems, and evacuation routes.

• More investment in climate adaptation and disaster-resilient infrastructure is essential.

Final Thoughts

This image is a powerful reminder of how fragile our environment can be—and how interconnected different natural disasters are. Climate change doesn’t just make one disaster worse, it stacks them on top of each other, putting lives, homes, and ecosystems in danger. But with the right awareness, technology, and cooperation, many of these tragedies can be prevented or mitigated.

حلا عسيري

"Pollution" is defined as an increase in the amount of substances in their gaseous, liquid, or solid forms, or the addition of a form of energy into the environment, making it unable to break down, dissipate, dilute, or recycle these substances and energy. It also becomes incapable of storing these materials and forms of energy in a harmless way.

It has several types, including air pollution and water pollution.

Predicting exactly when and where a tornado will hit is tough, even with advanced tech. The 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado highlights this.

Their destructive power is immense, with winds that can destroy homes. The 2013 Moore, Oklahoma tornado leveled neighborhoods.

Addressing this problem requires research, better forecasting, and community readiness.

Our rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and seas are drowning in chemicals, waste, plastic, and other pollutants. Here’s why—and what you can do to help.

January 11, 2023

Melissa Denchak

Contributor

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What are the causes of water pollution?

What is water pollution?

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.

This widespread problem of water pollution is jeopardizing our health. Unsafe water kills more people each year than war and all other forms of violence combined. Meanwhile, our drinkable water sources are finite: Less than 1 percent of the earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us. Without action, the challenges will only increase by 2050, when global demand for freshwater is expected to be one-third greater than it is now.

What are the causes of water pollution?

Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution. Known as a “universal solvent,” water is able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on earth. It’s the reason we have Kool-Aid and brilliant blue waterfalls. It’s also why water is so easily polluted. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into and mix with it, causing water pollution.

Here are some of the major sources of water pollution worldwide:

Water Pollution

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water sources like rivers, lakes, and oceans. Causes include industrial waste, sewage, oil spills, and agricultural chemicals.

Polluted water harms humans, animals, and the environment. Clean water is essential for life—protecting it is everyone’s responsibility.

Tima Al Asmari.

This law regulates war and prohibits specific behaviors such as massacres and genocide of civilians. The goal is to protect civilians and clarify that the use of force must be within a framework of organized collective action and clear structure.

Objectives of Humanitarian Law

- Protecting civilians and civilian objects

- Limiting unnecessary suffering and destruction

- Ensuring assistance for civilian victims

-

Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread quickly through forests, grasslands, and even urban areas. Wildfires can destroy homes, habitats, and air quality over vast areas.

Why it is problem?

Wildfires burn trees, animals’ homes, and sometimes houses. The smoke is bad for breathing. They happen more when it’s hot and dry. Wildfires hurt nature, so they are

Examples

1. Amazon fires burned many trees.

2. Fires in California burned homes.

3. Fires in Australia hurt animals.

What is it?

A sandstorm is a strong wind that carries sand and dust in the air. It usually happens in deserts or dry places.

Why is it a problem?

• It makes it hard to see and drive.

• It can make people sick, especially those with asthma.

• It damages crops and buildings.

• It stops flights and closes schools.

Examples:

• In Saudi Arabia, sandstorms happen often and people wear masks or stay home.

• In 2022, a big sandstorm covered cities like Riyadh and made the sky orange.

ألين الزهراني

What is it?

Environmental pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment, disrupting its balance and affecting human and animal life.

Types include:

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Soil pollution

Causes:

Unregulated industrial growth, loss of green areas, reliance on non-renewable energy, weak laws, and public unawareness.

Impacts:

Health: Respiratory diseases, cancer, immune disorders.

Environment: Species extinction, climate change.

Economy: High healthcare and cleanup costs.

ملك ابراهيم ٢/١